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Lee LCC, Lo KKW. Shining New Light on Biological Systems: Luminescent Transition Metal Complexes for Bioimaging and Biosensing Applications. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 39052606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Luminescence imaging is a powerful and versatile technique for investigating cell physiology and pathology in living systems, making significant contributions to life science research and clinical diagnosis. In recent years, luminescent transition metal complexes have gained significant attention for diagnostic and therapeutic applications due to their unique photophysical and photochemical properties. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent development of luminescent transition metal complexes for bioimaging and biosensing applications, with a focus on transition metal centers with a d6, d8, and d10 electronic configuration. We elucidate the structure-property relationships of luminescent transition metal complexes, exploring how their structural characteristics can be manipulated to control their biological behavior such as cellular uptake, localization, biocompatibility, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution. Furthermore, we introduce the various design strategies that leverage the interesting photophysical properties of luminescent transition metal complexes for a wide variety of biological applications, including autofluorescence-free imaging, multimodal imaging, organelle imaging, biological sensing, microenvironment monitoring, bioorthogonal labeling, bacterial imaging, and cell viability assessment. Finally, we provide insights into the challenges and perspectives of luminescent transition metal complexes for bioimaging and biosensing applications, as well as their use in disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Cho-Cheung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503-1511, 15/F, Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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2
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Huynh M, Vinck R, Gibert B, Gasser G. Strategies for the Nuclear Delivery of Metal Complexes to Cancer Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311437. [PMID: 38174785 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The nucleus is an essential organelle for the function of cells. It holds most of the genetic material and plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation. Since many antitumoral therapies target nucleic acids to induce cell death, tumor-specific nuclear drug delivery could potentiate therapeutic effects and prevent potential off-target side effects on healthy tissue. Due to their great structural variety, good biocompatibility, and unique physico-chemical properties, organometallic complexes and other metal-based compounds have sparked great interest as promising anticancer agents. In this review, strategies for specific nuclear delivery of metal complexes are summarized and discussed to highlight crucial parameters to consider for the design of new metal complexes as anticancer drug candidates. Moreover, the existing opportunities and challenges of tumor-specific, nucleus-targeting metal complexes are emphasized to outline some new perspectives and help in the design of new cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Huynh
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry of Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemistry, Paris, F-75005, France
- Gastroenterology and technologies for Health, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS5286, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Robin Vinck
- Orano, 125 avenue de Paris, Châtillon, 92320, France
| | - Benjamin Gibert
- Gastroenterology and technologies for Health, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS5286, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry of Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemistry, Paris, F-75005, France
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3
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Xiao H, Liu L, Huang S. STK32C modulates doxorubicin resistance in triple-negative breast cancer cells via glycolysis regulation. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04989-z. [PMID: 38507019 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04989-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying doxorubicin resistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) holds paramount clinical significance. In our study, we investigate the potential of STK32C, a little-explored kinase, to impact doxorubicin sensitivity in TNBC cells. Our findings reveal elevated STK32C expression in TNBC specimens, associated with unfavorable prognosis in doxorubicin-treated TNBC patients. Subsequent experiments highlighted that STK32C depletion significantly augmented the sensitivity of doxorubicin-resistant TNBC cells to doxorubicin. Mechanistically, we unveiled that the cytoplasmic subset of STK32C plays a pivotal role in mediating doxorubicin sensitivity, primarily through the regulation of glycolysis. Furthermore, the kinase activity of STK32C proved to be essential for its mediation of doxorubicin sensitivity, emphasizing its role as a kinase. Our study suggests that targeting STK32C may represent a novel therapeutic approach with the potential to improve doxorubicin's efficacy in TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Xiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shaoyan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, China.
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4
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Knighton RC, Pope SJA. Synthesis and luminescent properties of hetero-bimetallic and hetero-trimetallic Ru(II)/Au(I) or Ir(III)/Au(I) complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:4165-4174. [PMID: 38318847 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03690a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
A series of Ru(II) and Ir(III) based photoluminescent complexes were synthesised that incorporate an ancillary 2,2'-bipyridine ligand adorned with either one or two pendant N-methyl imidazolium groups. These complexes have been fully characterised by an array of spectroscopic and analytical techniques. One Ir(III) example was unequivocally structurally characterised in the solid state using single crystal X-ray diffraction confirming the proposed formulation and coordination sphere. These complexes were then transformed into their heterometallic, Au(I)-containing, analogues in two steps to yield either bi- or trimetallic complexes that integrate {Au(PPh3)}+ units. X-ray diffraction was used to corroborate the solid state structure of the hetero bimetallic complex, based upon a Ru(II)-Au(I) species. The heterometallic complexes all displayed red photoluminescent features (λem = 616-629 nm) that were consistent with the parent Ru(II) or Ir(III) lumophores in each case. The modulation of the emission from the Ru(II)-Au(I) complexes was much more strongly evident than for the Ir(III)-Au(I) analogues, which is ascribed to the inherent differences in the specific triplet excited state character of the emitting states within each heterometallic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Knighton
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
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Fitzgerald SA, Payce EN, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Pope SJA. 2-(Thienyl)quinoxaline derivatives and their application in Ir(III) complexes yielding tuneable deep red emitters. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16480-16491. [PMID: 37874197 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02193a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterisation of eleven different 2-(thienyl)quinoxaline species that incorporate different points of functionality, including at the thiophene or quinoxaline rings, are described. These species display variable fluorescence properties in the visible region (λem = 401-491 nm) depending upon the molecular structures and extent of conjugation. The series of 2-(thienyl)quinoxaline species were then investigated as cyclometalating agents for Ir(III) to yield [Ir(C^N)2(bipy)]PF6 (where C^N = the cyclometalated ligand; bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine). Eight complexes were successfully isolated and fully characterised by an array of spectroscopic and analytical techniques. Two Ir(III) examples were structurally characterised in the solid state using single crystal X-ray diffraction; both structures confirmed the proposed formulations and coordination spheres in each case showing that the thiophene coordinates via a Ir-C bond. The photophysical properties of the complexes revealed that each complex is luminescent under ambient conditions with a range of emission wavelengths observed (665-751 nm) indicating that electronic tuning can be achieved via both the thienyl and quinoxaline moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Fitzgerald
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Ellie N Payce
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Peter N Horton
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
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Yang X, Nao SC, Lin C, Kong L, Wang J, Ko CN, Liu J, Ma DL, Leung CH, Wang W. A cell-impermeable luminogenic probe for near-infrared imaging of prostate-specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer microenvironments. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115659. [PMID: 37499288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) imaging probes are a promising tool for the diagnosis and image-guided surgery of prostate cancer (PCa). However, PSMA-specific luminescence probes for PCa detection and heterogeneity studies with high imaging contrast are lacking. Here, we report the first near-infrared (NIR) iridium(III) complex for the wash-free and specific imaging of PSMA in PCa cells and spheroids. The conjugation of a PSMA inhibitor, Lys-urea-Glu, to an iridium(III) complex synergizes the PSMA-specific affinity and biocompatibility of the inhibitor with the desirable photophysical properties of the iridium(III) complex, including NIR emission (670 nm), high photostability and a large Stokes shift. The cellular impermeability of the probe along with its strong binding affinity to PSMA enhances its specificity for PSMA, enabling the washing-free luminescent imaging of membrane PSMA with lower cytotoxicity. The probe was successfully applied for selectively visualizing PSMA-expressing cells and for the imaging of PSMA in a multicellular PCa model with good imaging penetration, indicating its potential use in complicated and heterogeneous tumor microenvironments. Furthermore, the probe showed good imaging performance in the PCa-bearing tumor mice via targeting PSMA in vivo. This work provides a novel strategy for the development of highly sensitive and specific NIR probes for PSMA in biological systems in vitro, which is of great significance for the precise diagnosis of PCa and for elucidating PCa heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifang Yang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Sang-Cuo Nao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Chuankai Lin
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 86 Hongqi Road, Ganzhou, China; Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Lingtan Kong
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Chung-Nga Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinbiao Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 86 Hongqi Road, Ganzhou, China.
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau; Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau; MoE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.
| | - Wanhe Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing, 400000, China.
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Liu G, Li L, Shang D, Zhou C, Zhang C. BRSK1 confers cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer cells via regulation of mitochondrial respiration. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04821-z. [PMID: 37140697 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04821-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although cisplatin-containing chemotherapy has been utilized as a front-line treatment for cervical cancer, intrinsic and acquired resistance of cisplatin remains a major hurdle for the durable and curative therapeutic response. We thus aim to identify novel regulator of cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer cells. METHODS Real-time PCR and western blotting analysis were employed to determine the expression of BRSK1 in normal and cisplatin-resistant cells. Sulforhodamine B assay was conducted to assess the sensitivity of cervical cancer cells to cisplatin. Seahorse Cell Mito Stress Test assay was utilized to evaluate the mitochondrial respiration in cervical cancer cells. RESULTS BRSK1 expression was upregulated in cisplatin-treated cervical cancer patient tumors and cell lines compared with untreated tumors and cell lines. Depletion of BRSK1 significantly enhanced the sensitivity of both normal and cisplatin-resistant cervical cancer cells to cisplatin treatment. Moreover, BRSK1-mediated regulation of cisplatin sensitivity is conducted by a subpopulation of BRSK1 residing in the mitochondria of cervical cancer cells and is dependent on its kinase enzymatic activity. Mechanistically, BRSK1 confers cisplatin resistance via the regulation of mitochondrial respiration. Importantly, treatment with mitochondrial inhibitor in cervical cancer cells phenocopied the BRSK1 depletion-mediated mitochondria dysfunction and cisplatin sensitization. Of note, we observed that high BRSK1 expression is correlated with poor prognosis in cisplatin-treated cervical cancer patients. CONCLUSION Our study defines BRSK1 as a novel regulator of cisplatin sensitivity, identifying that targeting BRSK1-regulated mitochondrial respiration could be a useful approach for enhancing the efficacy of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in cervical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuanhou Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People's Republic of China.
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Liu S, Wang M, Wang Y, Hou T, Shen X. Novel deep red to near-infrared phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes bearing pyrenyl: syntheses, structures and modulation of the photophysical properties. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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9
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Lin C, Wang J, Yang K, Liu J, Ma DL, Leung CH, Wang W. Development of a NIR iridium(III) complex for self-calibrated and luminogenic detection of boron trifluoride. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 282:121658. [PMID: 35905613 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Boron trifluoride (BF3) is a potential environmental pollutant, and excess exposure to it may cause human diseases. However, the sensitive, rapid and accurate detection of BF3 for on-site purposes is still a challenge. In this work, we developed the first NIR iridium(III)-based probe with dual emission and a Stokes shift of 370 nm for self-calibrated and luminogenic detection of BF3. This probe exhibited a strong luminescence enhancement at around 650 nm to BF3 (0-100 μM) with almost no change in luminescence at 475 nm, displaying a 220-fold I650 nm/I475 nm enhancement at 100 μM of BF3 with a detection limit of 0.35 μM. Moreover, the probe showed a fast response time of less than 5 s to BF3 along with an obvious color change under UV irradiation for visual detection. Importantly, the desirable photophysical properties of the iridium(III)-based probe can be harnessed for time-resolved detection of BF3 in the presence of the fluorescence background. The applicability of the probe was further verified in an organic solvent waste-spiked system and on a glass pane. This work will provide a solid basis for the development of sensitive and on-site BF3 sensing toolkits for environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuankai Lin
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Northwestern Polytechnical University Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Northwestern Polytechnical University Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Jinbiao Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.
| | - Wanhe Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Northwestern Polytechnical University Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Chongqing 400000, China.
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Huang L, Leung PKK, Lee LCC, Xu GX, Lam YW, Lo KKW. Photofunctional cyclometallated iridium(III) polypyridine methylsulfone complexes as sulfhydryl-specific reagents for bioconjugation, bioimaging and photocytotoxic applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10162-10165. [PMID: 35997227 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02405e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report herein near-infrared (NIR)-emitting cyclometallated iridium(III) complexes bearing a heteroaromatic methylsulfone moiety as sulfhydryl-specific reagents; one of the complexes was conjugated to cysteine and cysteine-containing peptides and proteins for bioimaging and photocytotoxic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Huang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Peter Kam-Keung Leung
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimetre Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Lawrence Cho-Cheung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China. .,Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503 - 1511, 15/F, Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Xi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Yun-Wah Lam
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimetre Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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Metal Peptide Conjugates in Cell and Tissue Imaging and Biosensing. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:30. [PMID: 35701677 PMCID: PMC9197911 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Metal complex luminophores have seen dramatic expansion in application as imaging probes over the past decade. This has been enabled by growing understanding of methods to promote their cell permeation and intracellular targeting. Amongst the successful approaches that have been applied in this regard is peptide-facilitated delivery. Cell-permeating or signal peptides can be readily conjugated to metal complex luminophores and have shown excellent response in carrying such cargo through the cell membrane. In this article, we describe the rationale behind applying metal complexes as probes and sensors in cell imaging and outline the advantages to be gained by applying peptides as the carrier for complex luminophores. We describe some of the progress that has been made in applying peptides in metal complex peptide-driven conjugates as a strategy for cell permeation and targeting of transition metal luminophores. Finally, we provide key examples of their application and outline areas for future progress.
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12
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Lu JJ, Ma XR, Xie K, Yang PX, Li RT, Ye RR. Novel heterobimetallic Ir(III)-Re(I) complexes: design, synthesis and antitumor mechanism investigation. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:7907-7917. [PMID: 35535974 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00719c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The reasonable design of binuclear or multinuclear metal complexes has demonstrated their potential advantages in the anticancer field. Herein, three heterobimetallic Ir(III)-Re(I) complexes, [Ir(C^N)2LRe(CO)3DIP](PF6)2 (C^N = 2-phenylpyridine (ppy, in IrRe-1), 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine (thpy, in IrRe-2) and 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine (dfppy, in IrRe-3); L = pyridylimidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline; DIP = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), were designed and synthesized. The heterobimetallic IrRe-1-3 complexes show pH-sensitive emission properties, which can be used for specific imaging of lysosomes. Additionally, IrRe-1-3 display higher cytotoxicity against tested tumor cell lines than the clinical chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin. Further mechanisms indicate that IrRe-1-3 can induce apoptosis and autophagy, increase intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), depolarize the mitochondrial membrane (MMP), block the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and inhibit cell migration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of the synthesis of heterobimetallic Ir(III)-Re(I) complexes with superior anticancer activities and evaluation of their anticancer mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jian Lu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Xiu-Rong Ma
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Xie
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Pei-Xin Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Rong-Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Rui-Rong Ye
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
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Hickey SM, Ung B, Bader C, Brooks R, Lazniewska J, Johnson IRD, Sorvina A, Logan J, Martini C, Moore CR, Karageorgos L, Sweetman MJ, Brooks DA. Fluorescence Microscopy-An Outline of Hardware, Biological Handling, and Fluorophore Considerations. Cells 2021; 11:35. [PMID: 35011596 PMCID: PMC8750338 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy has become a critical tool for researchers to understand biological processes at the cellular level. Micrographs from fixed and live-cell imaging procedures feature in a plethora of scientific articles for the field of cell biology, but the complexities of fluorescence microscopy as an imaging tool can sometimes be overlooked or misunderstood. This review seeks to cover the three fundamental considerations when designing fluorescence microscopy experiments: (1) hardware availability; (2) amenability of biological models to fluorescence microscopy; and (3) suitability of imaging agents for intended applications. This review will help equip the reader to make judicious decisions when designing fluorescence microscopy experiments that deliver high-resolution and informative images for cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M. Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (C.B.); (R.B.); (J.L.); (I.R.D.J.); (A.S.); (J.L.); (C.M.); (C.R.M.); (L.K.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Ben Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (C.B.); (R.B.); (J.L.); (I.R.D.J.); (A.S.); (J.L.); (C.M.); (C.R.M.); (L.K.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.)
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Fitzgerald SA, Otaif HY, Elgar CE, Sawicka N, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Beames JM, Pope SJA. Polysubstituted Ligand Framework for Color Tuning Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15467-15484. [PMID: 34605234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of ligands have been synthesized based upon a polysubstituted 2-phenylquinoxaline core structure. These ligands introduce different combinations of fluorine and methyl substituents on both the phenyl and quinoxaline constituent rings. The resultant investigation of these species as cyclometalating agents for Ir(III) gave cationic complexes of the form [Ir(C^N)2(bipy)]PF6 (where C^N = cyclometalating ligand; bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine). X-ray crystallographic studies were conducted on four complexes and each revealed the expected distorted octahedral geometry based upon a cis-C,C and trans-N,N ligand arrangement at Ir(III). Supporting computational studies predict that each of the complexes share the same general descriptions for the frontier orbitals. TD-DFT calculations suggest MLCT contributions to the lowest energy absorption and a likely MLCT/ILCT/LLCT nature to the emitting state. Experimentally, the complexes display tunable luminescence across the yellow-orange-red part of the visible spectrum (λem = 579-655 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Fitzgerald
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Haleema Y Otaif
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher E Elgar
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Sawicka
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Peter N Horton
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, England, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, England, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph M Beames
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
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16
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Holden L, Burke CS, Cullinane D, Keyes TE. Strategies to promote permeation and vectorization, and reduce cytotoxicity of metal complex luminophores for bioimaging and intracellular sensing. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:1021-1049. [PMID: 34458823 PMCID: PMC8341117 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00049g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metal luminophores are emerging as important tools for intracellular imaging and sensing. Their putative suitability for such applications has long been recognised but poor membrane permeability and cytotoxicity were significant barriers that impeded early progress. In recent years, numerous effective routes to overcoming these issues have been reported, inspired in part, by advances and insights from the pharmaceutical and drug delivery domains. In particular, the conjugation of biomolecules but also other less natural synthetic species, from a repertoire of functional motifs have granted membrane permeability and cellular targeting. Such motifs can also reduce cytotoxicity of transition metal complexes and offer a valuable avenue to circumvent such problems leading to promising metal complex candidates for application in bioimaging, sensing and diagnostics. The advances in metal complex probes permeability/targeting are timely, as, in parallel, over the past two decades significant technological advances in luminescence imaging have occurred. In particular, super-resolution imaging is enormously powerful but makes substantial demands of its imaging contrast agents and metal complex luminophores frequently possess the photophysical characteristics to meet these demands. Here, we review some of the key vectors that have been conjugated to transition metal complex luminophores to promote their use in intra-cellular imaging applications. We evaluate some of the most effective strategies in terms of membrane permeability, intracellular targeting and what impact these approaches have on toxicity and phototoxicity which are important considerations in a luminescent contrast or sensing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorcan Holden
- School of Chemical Sciences, and National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Christopher S Burke
- School of Chemical Sciences, and National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - David Cullinane
- School of Chemical Sciences, and National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Tia E Keyes
- School of Chemical Sciences, and National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
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17
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Lou S, Huang X, Tian X, Wang Z, Lin A, Dai H, Zhou J, Ruan J, Yuan L, Wang J. Investigation of the relationship between CMYC gene polymorphisms and glioma susceptibility in Chinese children. Cancer Invest 2021; 39:819-825. [PMID: 34325590 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1955374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is a common central nervous system tumors in children. CMYC has a range of functions that are disrupted in various tumor cells, and may contribute to the occurrence and development of glioma. Two CMYC single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs4645943C > T and rs2070583 A > G) were genotyped in 190 cases and 248 controls from Wenzhou and Guangzhou hospitals. After adjusting for age and sex, odds ratio and 95% confidence interval values were calculated by logistic regression to evaluate the correlation between CMYC gene polymorphisms and glioma risk; no significant associations were detected. These results require future validation in a larger sample cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Lou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokai Huang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tian
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ao Lin
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanqi Dai
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingying Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jichen Ruan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Juxiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
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18
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Pobłocki K, Drzeżdżon J, Kostrzewa T, Jacewicz D. Coordination Complexes as a New Generation Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Anticancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8052. [PMID: 34360819 PMCID: PMC8348047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become an alternative to standard cancer treatment methods such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The uniqueness of this method relies on the possibility of using various photosensitizers (PS) that absorb and convert light emission in radical oxygen-derived species (ROS). They can be present alone or in the presence of other compounds such as metal organic frameworks (MOFs), non-tubules or polymers. The interaction between DNA and metal-based complexes plays a key role in the development of new anti-cancer drugs. The use of coordination compounds in PDT has a significant impact on the amount ROS generated, quantum emission efficiency (Φem) and phototoxic index (PI). In this review, we will attempt to systematically review the recent literature and analyze the coordination complexes used as PS in PDT. Finally, we compared the anticancer activities of individual coordination complexes and discuss future perspectives. So far, only a few articles link so many transition metal ion coordination complexes of varying degrees of oxidation, which is why this review is needed by the scientific community to further expand this field worldwide. Additionally, it serves as a convenient collection of important, up-to-date information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Pobłocki
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (K.P.); (D.J.)
| | - Joanna Drzeżdżon
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (K.P.); (D.J.)
| | - Tomasz Kostrzewa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Dagmara Jacewicz
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (K.P.); (D.J.)
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19
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Sun Q, Wang Y, Fu Q, Ouyang A, Liu S, Wang Z, Su Z, Song J, Zhang Q, Zhang P, Lu D. Sulfur‐Coordinated Organoiridium(III) Complexes Exert Breast Anticancer Activity via Inhibition of Wnt/β‐Catenin Signaling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention International Cancer Center Department of Pharmacology Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials of MOE School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Qiuxia Fu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention International Cancer Center Department of Pharmacology Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Ai Ouyang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention International Cancer Center Department of Pharmacology Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Zhongyuan Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention International Cancer Center Department of Pharmacology Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Zijie Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention International Cancer Center Department of Pharmacology Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Jiaxing Song
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention International Cancer Center Department of Pharmacology Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Qianling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Pingyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Desheng Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention International Cancer Center Department of Pharmacology Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen 518060 China
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20
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Elgar CE, Otaif HY, Zhang X, Zhao J, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Beames JM, Pope SJA. Iridium(III) Sensitisers and Energy Upconversion: The Influence of Ligand Structure upon TTA-UC Performance. Chemistry 2021; 27:3427-3439. [PMID: 33242225 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Six substituted ligands based upon 2-(naphthalen-1-yl)quinoline-4-carboxylate and 2-(naphthalen-2-yl)quinoline-4-carboxylate have been synthesised in two steps from a range of commercially available isatin derivatives. These species are shown to be effective cyclometallating ligands for IrIII , yielding complexes of the form [Ir(C^N)2 (bipy)]PF6 (where C^N=cyclometallating ligand; bipy=2,2'-bipyridine). X-ray crystallographic studies on three examples demonstrate that the complexes adopt a distorted octahedral geometry wherein a cis-C,C and trans-N,N coordination mode is observed. Intraligand torsional distortions are evident in all cases. The IrIII complexes display photoluminescence in the red part of the visible region (668-693 nm), which is modestly tuneable through the ligand structure. The triplet lifetimes of the complexes are clearly influenced by the precise structure of the ligand in each case. Supporting computational (DFT) studies suggest that the differences in observed triplet lifetime are likely due to differing admixtures of ligand-centred versus MLCT character instilled by the facets of the ligand structure. Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) measurements demonstrate that the complexes based upon the 1-naphthyl derived ligands are viable photosensitisers with upconversion quantum efficiencies of 1.6-6.7 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Elgar
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK
| | - Haleema Y Otaif
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Peter N Horton
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Joseph M Beames
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK
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21
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Sun Q, Wang Y, Fu Q, Ouyang A, Liu S, Wang Z, Su Z, Song J, Zhang Q, Zhang P, Lu D. Sulfur-Coordinated Organoiridium(III) Complexes Exert Breast Anticancer Activity via Inhibition of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4841-4848. [PMID: 33244858 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The sulfur-coordinated organoiridium(III) complexes pbtIrSS and ppyIrSS, which contain C,N and S,S (dithione) chelating ligands, were found to inhibit breast cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis by targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling for the first time. Treatment with pbtIrSS and ppyIrSS induces the degradation of LRP6, thereby decreasing the protein levels of DVL2, β-catenin and activated β-catenin, resulting in downregulation of Wnt target genes CD44 and survivin. Additionally, pbtIrSS and ppyIrSS can suppress cell migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, both complexes show the ability to inhibit sphere formation and mediate the stemness properties of breast cancer cells. Importantly, pbtIrSS exerts potent anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects in mouse xenograft models through the blockage of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Taken together, our results indicate that pbtIrSS has great potential to be developed as a breast cancer therapeutic agent with a novel mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials of MOE, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Qiuxia Fu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ai Ouyang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhongyuan Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zijie Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jiaxing Song
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Qianling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Pingyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Desheng Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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22
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Sun J, Ren Y, Ji J, Guo Y, Sun X. A novel concentration gradient microfluidic chip for high-throughput antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacteria. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:1127-1136. [PMID: 33420534 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has become a serious threat to food safety and public health globally. Therefore, the development of a sensitive, quick, and simple method for antibiotic susceptibility testing is an urgent and crucial need. A novel concentration gradient microfluidic chip was designed in this work to generate antibiotic concentration gradient, culture bacteria, and produce fluorescence emission. An in-house-assembled fluorescence detection platform was constructed, and experiments were conducted to verify the linearity of the generated concentration gradient, explore the appropriate incubation time and flow rate for the microfluidic chip, and study the effect of long-term acid-based food processing on antibiotic susceptibility testing. Experimental results show that the concentration gradient generated by the microfluidic chip exhibited good linearity, stability, and controllability. The appropriate flow rate and incubation time for the microfluidic chip were 2 μL/min and 5 h, respectively. The use of this microfluidic chip for testing antibiotic resistance of Salmonella to ofloxacin and ampicillin generated results that were completely consistent with test results obtained using the gold-standard method. Furthermore, Salmonella showed greater sensitivity to antibiotics under strong acid conditions, confirming the potential influence of acid-based food processing on antibiotic susceptibility testing of real samples. The designed microfluidic chip provides a high-throughput, sensitive, and rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing method that combines the microfluidic chip and the fluorescence detection platform. The application of this method would facilitate determination of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains for clinicians and researchers, and enable monitoring of changes in bacterial resistance during food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200436, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,School of Internet of Things Engineering, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214122, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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23
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Otaif HY, Adams SJ, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Beames JM, Pope SJA. Bis-cyclometalated iridium( iii) complexes with terpyridine analogues: syntheses, structures, spectroscopy and computational studies. RSC Adv 2021; 11:39718-39727. [PMID: 35494133 PMCID: PMC9044569 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07213g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Two ligands based upon a 2,6-disubstituted pyridine bridge introduce bis-quinoxalinyl units in a fashion that yields analogues to the archetypal terdentate ligand, 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine. The ligands were synthesised from the key intermediate 2,6-bis(bromoacetyl)pyridine: a new, high-yielding route is described for this reagent. Two ligand variants (differentiated by H/Me substituents on the quinoxaline ring) were explored as coordinating moieties for iridium(iii) in the development of luminescent complexes. Computational studies (DFT approaches employing B3LYP, B3LYP/LANL2DZ, and M062X/LANL2DZ levels) were used to investigate the geometric and coordination mode preferences of the new ligands and two possibilities arose from theoretical investigations: [Ir(N^N^N)2]3+ and [Ir(N^N^C)2]+, with the former predicted to be more energetically favourable. Upon synthesis and isolation of the Ir(iii) complexes, X-ray crystallographic studies revealed coordination spheres that were cyclometalated, the structures both showing a [Ir(N^N^C)2]PF6 arrangement. Further spectroscopic characterization via NMR confirmed the ligand arrangements in the complexes, and photophysical studies, supported by DFT, showed that a mixture of metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and intra-ligand charge transfer (ILCT) character is likely to contribute to the emission features of the complexes, which phosphoresce orange-red (λem = 580–618 nm). The emission wavelength was influenced by the substituents on the quinoxaline ring (H vs. Me), thereby implying further tuneability is possible with future ligand iterations. Bis-terdentate Ir(iii) complexes incorporate two cyclometalated N^N^C bis-quinoxalinyl type ligands derived from the condensation of 2,6-bis(bromoacetyl)pyridine and different o-phenylenediamines.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleema Y. Otaif
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Samuel J. Adams
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Peter N. Horton
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, England
| | - Simon J. Coles
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, England
| | - Joseph M. Beames
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Simon J. A. Pope
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
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24
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Xu GX, Mak ECL, Lo KKW. Photofunctional transition metal complexes as cellular probes, bioimaging reagents and phototherapeutics. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00931a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This critical review summarises the recent biological applications of transition metal complexes as cellular probes, bioimaging reagents and phototherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Xi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Eunice Chiu-Lam Mak
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimetre Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Centre of Functional Photonics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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25
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Li K, Liu CJ, Zhang XZ. Multifunctional peptides for tumor therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 160:36-51. [PMID: 33080257 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Controlled nano-systems for drug delivery are designed to deliver therapeutical drugs to desirable sites on demand. Due to the diverse physiological functions of peptides, it is reasonable to introduce peptides into anti-tumor nano-system. The integration of peptides into nanomaterials has complementary advantages, which not only avoids the rapid degradation of peptides in vivo, but also improves the intelligence and functionality of the nano-system. We summarized the functional peptides with targeting and stimulus-responsive properties, and the present review outlined the most relevant and recent developed peptide-based multifunctional nanomaterials for tumor therapy.
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26
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Fritzen DL, Giordano L, Rodrigues LCV, Monteiro JHSK. Opportunities for Persistent Luminescent Nanoparticles in Luminescence Imaging of Biological Systems and Photodynamic Therapy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2015. [PMID: 33066063 PMCID: PMC7600618 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of luminescence in biological systems allows us to diagnose diseases and understand cellular processes. Persistent luminescent materials have emerged as an attractive system for application in luminescence imaging of biological systems; the afterglow emission grants background-free luminescence imaging, there is no need for continuous excitation to avoid tissue and cell damage due to the continuous light exposure, and they also circumvent the depth penetration issue caused by excitation in the UV-Vis. This review aims to provide a background in luminescence imaging of biological systems, persistent luminescence, and synthetic methods for obtaining persistent luminescent materials, and discuss selected examples of recent literature on the applications of persistent luminescent materials in luminescence imaging of biological systems and photodynamic therapy. Finally, the challenges and future directions, pointing to the development of compounds capable of executing multiple functions and light in regions where tissues and cells have low absorption, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas L. Fritzen
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP 05508-000, Brazil; (D.L.F.); (L.G.)
| | - Luidgi Giordano
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP 05508-000, Brazil; (D.L.F.); (L.G.)
| | - Lucas C. V. Rodrigues
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP 05508-000, Brazil; (D.L.F.); (L.G.)
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27
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Bi XD, Yang R, Zhou YC, Chen D, Li GK, Guo YX, Wang MF, Liu D, Gao F. Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes as High-Sensitivity Two-Photon Excited Mitochondria Dyes and Near-Infrared Photodynamic Therapy Agents. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:14920-14931. [PMID: 32951429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using two-photon near-infrared light excitation is a very effective way to avoid the use of short-wavelength ultraviolet or visible light which cannot efficiently penetrate into the biological tissues and is harmful to the healthy cells. Herein, a series of cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes with a structurally simple diimine ligand were designed and the synthetic route and preparation procedure were optimized, so that the complexes could be obtained in apparently higher yield, productivity, and efficiency in comparison to the traditional methods. Their ground state and excited singlet and triplet state properties were studied by spectroscopy and quantum chemistry theoretical calculations to investigate the effect of substituent groups on the photophysical properties of the complexes. The Ir(III) complexes, especially Ir1 and Ir3, showed very low dark toxicities and high phototoxicities under both one-photon and two-photon excitation, indicating their great potential as PDT agents. They were also found to be highly sensitive two-photon mitochondria dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dan Bi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Chen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Daomei Chen
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Kui Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Xiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
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28
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Cyclometalated Ir(III) Complexes with Curcuminoid Ligands as Active Second-Order NLO Chromophores and Building Blocks for SHG Polymeric Films. INORGANICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics8050036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of iridium(III) complexes having two cyclometalated 2-phenylpyridines and curcumin or tetrahydrocurcumin as ancillary ligand have been investigated both in solution and as guest in a polymeric organic matrix. In solution, these complexes are characterized by a significant second-order NLO response, as determined by the Electric Field Induced Second Harmonic (EFISH) technique, like the related complex with acetylacetonate. Whereas the low second-harmonic generation response of a composite film of [Ir(2-phenylpyridine)2(acetylacetonate)] in polymethyl methacrylate was not stable and fell down to zero upon turning off the electric field. A good and stable response was obtained with a film based on the iridium(III) complex bearing two cyclometalated 2-phenylpyridines and curcumin.
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29
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Monteiro JHSK. Recent Advances in Luminescence Imaging of Biological Systems Using Lanthanide(III) Luminescent Complexes. Molecules 2020; 25:E2089. [PMID: 32365719 PMCID: PMC7248892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of luminescence in biological systems allows one to diagnose diseases and understand cellular processes. Molecular systems, particularly lanthanide(III) complexes, have emerged as an attractive system for application in cellular luminescence imaging due to their long emission lifetimes, high brightness, possibility of controlling the spectroscopic properties at the molecular level, and tailoring of the ligand structure that adds sensing and therapeutic capabilities. This review aims to provide a background in luminescence imaging and lanthanide spectroscopy and discuss selected examples from the recent literature on lanthanide(III) luminescent complexes in cellular luminescence imaging, published in the period 2016-2020. Finally, the challenges and future directions that are pointing for the development of compounds that are capable of executing multiple functions and the use of light in regions where tissues and cells have low absorption will be discussed.
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30
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Stonelake T, Phillips KA, Otaif HY, Edwardson ZC, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Beames JM, Pope SJA. Spectroscopic and Theoretical Investigation of Color Tuning in Deep-Red Luminescent Iridium(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:2266-2277. [PMID: 32013422 PMCID: PMC7145353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A series of heteroleptic, neutral iridium(III) complexes of the form [Ir(L)2(N^O)] (where L = cyclometalated 2,3-disubstituted quinoxaline and N^O = ancillary picolinate or pyrazinoate) are described in terms of their synthesis and spectroscopic properties, with supporting computational analyses providing additional insight into the electronic properties. The 10 [Ir(L)2(N^O)] complexes were characterized using a range of analytical techniques (including 1H, 13C, and 19F NMR and IR spectroscopies and mass spectrometry). One of the examples was structurally characterized using X-ray diffraction. The redox properties were determined using cyclic voltammetry, and the electronic properties were investigated using UV-vis, time-resolved luminescence, and transient absorption spectroscopies. The complexes are phosphorescent in the red region of the visible spectrum (λem = 633-680 nm), with lifetimes typically of hundreds of nanoseconds and quantum yields ca. 5% in aerated chloroform. A combination of spectroscopic and computational analyses suggests that the long-wavelength absorption and emission properties of these complexes are strongly characterized by a combination of spin-forbidden metal-to-ligand charge-transfer and quinoxaline-centered transitions. The emission wavelength in these complexes can thus be controlled in two ways: first, substitution of the cyclometalating quinoxaline ligand can perturb both the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels (LUMO, Cl atoms on the ligand induce the largest bathochromic shift), and second, the choice of the ancillary ligand can influence the HOMO energy (pyrazinoate stabilizes the HOMO, inducing hypsochromic shifts).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
M. Stonelake
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales
| | - Kaitlin A. Phillips
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales
| | - Haleema Y. Otaif
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales
| | | | - Peter N. Horton
- U.K.
National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and
Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Simon J. Coles
- U.K.
National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and
Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Joseph M. Beames
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales
| | - Simon J. A. Pope
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales
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