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Shohat D, Lahini Y. Dissipation Indicates Memory Formation in Driven Disordered Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:048202. [PMID: 36763418 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.048202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Disordered and amorphous materials often retain memories of perturbations they have experienced since preparation. Studying such memories is a gateway to understanding this challenging class of systems. However, it often requires the ability to measure local structural changes in response to external drives. Here, we show that dissipation is a generic macroscopic indicator of the memory of the largest perturbation. Through experiments in crumpled sheets under cyclic drive, we show that dissipation transiently increases when first surpassing the largest perturbation due to irreversible structural changes with unique statistics. This finding is used to devise novel memory readout protocols based on global observables only. The general applicability of this approach is demonstrated by revealing a similar memory effect in a three-dimensional amorphous solid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dor Shohat
- Department of Condensed Matter, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel and Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yoav Lahini
- Department of Condensed Matter, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel and Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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2
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Das M, Petekidis G. Shear induced tuning and memory effects in colloidal gels of rods and spheres. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:234902. [PMID: 36550059 DOI: 10.1063/5.0129709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Shear history plays an important role in determining the linear and nonlinear rheological response of colloidal gels and can be used for tuning their structure and flow properties. Increasing the colloidal particle aspect ratio lowers the critical volume fraction for gelation due to an increase in the particle excluded volume. Using a combination of rheology and confocal microscopy, we investigate the effect of steady and oscillatory preshear history on the structure and rheology of colloidal gels formed by silica spheres and rods of length L and diameter D (L/D = 10) dispersed in 11 M CsCl solution. We use a non-dimensional Mason number, Mn (=Fvisc./Fattr.), to compare the effect of steady and oscillatory preshear on gel viscoelasticity. We show that after preshearing at intermediate Mn, attractive sphere gel exhibits strengthening, whereas attractive rod gel exhibits weakening. Rheo-imaging of gels of attractive rods shows that at intermediate Mn, oscillatory preshear induces large compact rod clusters in the gel microstructure, compared to steady preshear. Our study highlights the impact of particle shape on gel structuring under flow and viscoelasticity after shear cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Das
- IESL-FORTH, GR-71110 Heraklion, Greece
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3
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Kraus EA, Mellenthin LE, Siwiecki SA, Song D, Yan J, Janmey PA, Sweeney AM. Rheology of marine sponges reveals anisotropic mechanics and tuned dynamics. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220476. [PMID: 36259170 PMCID: PMC9579767 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sponges are animals that inhabit many aquatic environments while filtering small particles and ejecting metabolic wastes. They are composed of cells in a bulk extracellular matrix, often with an embedded scaffolding of stiff, siliceous spicules. We hypothesize that the mechanical response of this heterogeneous tissue to hydrodynamic flow influences cell proliferation in a manner that generates the body of a sponge. Towards a more complete picture of the emergence of sponge morphology, we dissected a set of species and subjected discs of living tissue to physiological shear and uniaxial deformations on a rheometer. Various species exhibited rheological properties such as anisotropic elasticity, shear softening and compression stiffening, negative normal stress, and non-monotonic dissipation as a function of both shear strain and frequency. Erect sponges possessed aligned, spicule-reinforced fibres which endowed three times greater stiffness axially compared with orthogonally. By contrast, tissue taken from shorter sponges was more isotropic but time-dependent, suggesting higher flow sensitivity in these compared with erect forms. We explore ecological and physiological implications of our results and speculate about flow-induced mechanical signalling in sponge cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile A. Kraus
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren E. Mellenthin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sara A. Siwiecki
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dawei Song
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Quantitative Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paul A. Janmey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alison M. Sweeney
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Quantitative Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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4
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Bhattacharyya K, Zwicker D, Alim K. Memory Formation in Adaptive Networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:028101. [PMID: 35867448 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.028101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The continuous adaptation of networks like our vasculature ensures optimal network performance when challenged with changing loads. Here, we show that adaptation dynamics allow a network to memorize the position of an applied load within its network morphology. We identify that the irreversible dynamics of vanishing network links encode memory. Our analytical theory successfully predicts the role of all system parameters during memory formation, including parameter values which prevent memory formation. We thus provide analytical insight on the theory of memory formation in disordered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Bhattacharyya
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organisation, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - David Zwicker
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organisation, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Karen Alim
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organisation, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Center for Protein Assemblies (CPA), Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Garching 85748, Germany
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Chattopadhyay S, Majumdar S. Inter-particle adhesion induced strong mechanical memory in a dense granular suspension. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:241102. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0089721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated/cyclic shearing can drive amorphous solids to a steady state encoding a memory of the applied strain amplitude. However, recent experiments find that the effect of such memory formation on the mechanical properties of the bulk material is rather weak. Here, we study the memory effect in a yield stress solid formed by a dense suspension of cornstarch particles in paraffin oil. Under cyclic shear, the system evolves toward a steady state showing training-induced strain stiffening and plasticity. A readout reveals that the system encodes a strong memory of the training amplitude ( γ T) as indicated by a large change in the differential shear modulus. We observe that memory can be encoded for a wide range of γ T values both above and below the yielding albeit the strength of the memory decreases with increasing γ T. In situ boundary imaging shows strain localization close to the shearing boundaries, while the bulk of the sample moves like a solid plug. In the steady state, the average particle velocity [Formula: see text] inside the solid-like region slows down with respect to the moving plate as γ approaches γ T; however, as the readout strain crosses γ T, [Formula: see text] suddenly increases. We demonstrate that inter-particle adhesive interaction is crucial for such a strong memory effect. Interestingly, our system can also remember more than one input only if the training strain with smaller amplitude is applied last.
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Saint-Michel B, Petekidis G, Garbin V. Tuning local microstructure of colloidal gels by ultrasound-activated deformable inclusions. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:2092-2103. [PMID: 35199815 PMCID: PMC8905491 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01771c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal gels possess a memory of previous shear events, both steady and oscillatory. This memory, embedded in the microstructure, affects the mechanical response of the gel, and therefore enables precise tuning of the material properties under careful preparation. Here we demonstrate how the dynamics of a deformable inclusion, namely a bubble, can be used to locally tune the microstructure of a colloidal gel. We examine two different phenomena of bubble dynamics that apply a local strain to the surrounding material: dissolution due to gas diffusion, with a characteristic strain rate of ∼10-3 s-1; and volumetric oscillations driven by ultrasound, with a characteristic frequency of ∼104 s-1. We characterise experimentally the microstructure of a model colloidal gel around bubbles in a Hele-Shaw geometry using confocal microscopy and particle tracking. In bubble dissolution experiments, we observe the formation of a pocket of solvent next to the bubble surface, but marginal changes to the microstructure. In experiments with ultrasound-induced bubble oscillations, we observe a striking rearrangement of the gel particles into a microstructure with increased local ordering. High-speed bright-field microscopy reveals the occurrence of both high-frequency bubble oscillations and steady microstreaming flow; both are expected to contribute to the emergence of the local order in the microstructure. These observations open the way to local tuning of colloidal gels based on deformable inclusions controlled by external pressure fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Saint-Michel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands.
| | - George Petekidis
- IESL - FORTH and Department of Material Science and Technology, University of Crete, GR - 71110, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Valeria Garbin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands.
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Royall CP, Faers MA, Fussell SL, Hallett JE. Real space analysis of colloidal gels: triumphs, challenges and future directions. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:453002. [PMID: 34034239 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac04cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal gels constitute an important class of materials found in many contexts and with a wide range of applications. Yet as matter far from equilibrium, gels exhibit a variety of time-dependent behaviours, which can be perplexing, such as an increase in strength prior to catastrophic failure. Remarkably, such complex phenomena are faithfully captured by an extremely simple model-'sticky spheres'. Here we review progress in our understanding of colloidal gels made through the use of real space analysis and particle resolved studies. We consider the challenges of obtaining a suitable experimental system where the refractive index and density of the colloidal particles is matched to that of the solvent. We review work to obtain a particle-level mechanism for rigidity in gels and the evolution of our understanding of time-dependent behaviour, from early-time aggregation to ageing, before considering the response of colloidal gels to deformation and then move on to more complex systems of anisotropic particles and mixtures. Finally we note some more exotic materials with similar properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Patrick Royall
- Gulliver UMR CNRS 7083, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
- HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
- Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm A Faers
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Formulation Technology, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Sian L Fussell
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - James E Hallett
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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Regev I, Attia I, Dahmen K, Sastry S, Mungan M. Topology of the energy landscape of sheared amorphous solids and the irreversibility transition. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:062614. [PMID: 34271642 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.062614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments and simulations of amorphous solids plastically deformed by an oscillatory drive have found a surprising behavior-for small strain amplitudes the dynamics can be reversible, which is contrary to the usual notion of plasticity as an irreversible form of deformation. This reversibility allows the system to reach limit cycles in which plastic events repeat indefinitely under the oscillatory drive. It was also found that reaching reversible limit cycles can take a large number of driving cycles and it was surmised that the plastic events encountered during the transient period are not encountered again and are thus irreversible. Using a graph representation of the stable configurations of the system and the plastic events connecting them, we show that the notion of reversibility in these systems is more subtle. We find that reversible plastic events are abundant and that a large portion of the plastic events encountered during the transient period are actually reversible in the sense that they can be part of a reversible deformation path. More specifically, we observe that the transition graph can be decomposed into clusters of configurations that are connected by reversible transitions. These clusters are the strongly connected components of the transition graph and their sizes turn out to be power-law distributed. The largest of these are grouped in regions of reversibility, which in turn are confined by regions of irreversibility whose number proliferates at larger strains. Our results provide an explanation for the irreversibility transition-the divergence of the transient period at a critical forcing amplitude. The long transients result from transition between clusters of reversibility in a search for a cluster large enough to contain a limit cycle of a specific amplitude. For large enough amplitudes, the search time becomes very large, since the sizes of the limit cycles become incompatible with the sizes of the regions of reversibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Regev
- Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel
| | - Ido Attia
- Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel
| | - Karin Dahmen
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Srikanth Sastry
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkar Campus, 560064 Bengaluru, India
| | - Muhittin Mungan
- Institut für angewandte Mathematik, Universität Bonn, Endenicher Allee 60, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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