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Cerdeira Ferreira LM, Lima D, Marcolino-Junior LH, Bergamini MF, Kuss S, Campanhã Vicentini F. Cutting-edge biorecognition strategies to boost the detection performance of COVID-19 electrochemical biosensors: A review. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 157:108632. [PMID: 38181592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors are known for their high sensitivity, selectivity, and low cost. Recently, they have gained significant attention and became particularly important as promising tools for the detection of COVID-19 biomarkers, since they offer a rapid and accurate means of diagnosis. Biorecognition strategies are a crucial component of electrochemical biosensors and determine their specificity and sensitivity based on the interaction of biological molecules, such as antibodies, enzymes, and DNA, with target analytes (e.g., viral particles, proteins and genetic material) to create a measurable signal. Different biorecognition strategies have been developed to enhance the performance of electrochemical biosensors, including direct, competitive, and sandwich binding, alongside nucleic acid hybridization mechanisms and gene editing systems. In this review article, we present the different strategies used in electrochemical biosensors to target SARS-CoV-2 and other COVID-19 biomarkers, as well as explore the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy and highlight recent progress in this field. Additionally, we discuss the challenges associated with developing electrochemical biosensors for clinical COVID-19 diagnosis and their widespread commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Marcos Cerdeira Ferreira
- Center of Nature Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Lauri Simões de Barros km 12, 18290-000, Buri, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LabSensE) Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Dhésmon Lima
- Laboratory for Bioanalytics and Electrochemical Sensing (LBES), Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Luiz Humberto Marcolino-Junior
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LabSensE) Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcio Fernando Bergamini
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LabSensE) Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Sabine Kuss
- Laboratory for Bioanalytics and Electrochemical Sensing (LBES), Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Fernando Campanhã Vicentini
- Center of Nature Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Lauri Simões de Barros km 12, 18290-000, Buri, SP, Brazil.
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2
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Campuzano S, Barderas R, Moreno-Casbas MT, Almeida Á, Pingarrón JM. Pursuing precision in medicine and nutrition: the rise of electrochemical biosensing at the molecular level. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2151-2172. [PMID: 37420009 PMCID: PMC10951035 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04805-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
In the era that we seek personalization in material things, it is becoming increasingly clear that the individualized management of medicine and nutrition plays a key role in life expectancy and quality of life, allowing participation to some extent in our welfare and the use of societal resources in a rationale and equitable way. The implementation of precision medicine and nutrition are highly complex challenges which depend on the development of new technologies able to meet important requirements in terms of cost, simplicity, and versatility, and to determine both individually and simultaneously, almost in real time and with the required sensitivity and reliability, molecular markers of different omics levels in biofluids extracted, secreted (either naturally or stimulated), or circulating in the body. Relying on representative and pioneering examples, this review article critically discusses recent advances driving the position of electrochemical bioplatforms as one of the winning horses for the implementation of suitable tools for advanced diagnostics, therapy, and precision nutrition. In addition to a critical overview of the state of the art, including groundbreaking applications and challenges ahead, the article concludes with a personal vision of the imminent roadmap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Campuzano
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- UFIEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Moreno-Casbas
- Nursing and Healthcare Research Unit (Investén-isciii), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network for Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Almeida
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, CSIC, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, CSIC, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José M Pingarrón
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Yang D, An J, Qiu W, Gao Y, Zhang J, Pan W, Zhao P, Liu Y. Self-calibrating dual-sensing electrochemical sensors for accurate detection of carbon dioxide in blood. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 191:22. [PMID: 38091089 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
A paper-based electrochemical dual-function biosensor capable of determining pH and TCO2 was synthesized for the first time using an iridium oxide pH electrode and an all-solid-state ion electrode (ASIE). In the study, to obtain highly reliable results, the biosensor was equipped with a real-time pH correction function before TCO2 measurements. Compared to traditional liquid-filling carbon dioxide detection sensors, the utilization of ferrocene endows our novel sensor with abundant positive sites, and thus greatly improves its performance. Conversely, the introduction of MXene with conductivity close to that of metals reduces electrode resistance, which is beneficial for accelerating the electrochemical reaction of the sensor and reducing LOD. After optimization, the detection range of TCO2 is 0.095 nM-0.66 M, with a detection limit of as low as 0.023 nM. In addition, the sensor was used in real serum sample-spiked recovery experiments and comparison experiments with existing clinical blood gas analyzers, which confirmed the effectiveness of its clinical application. This study provides a method for the rational design of paper-based electrochemical biosensors and a new approach for the clinical detection of blood carbon dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jia An
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Wu Qiu
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 400015, China
| | - Yuhan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiajing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China
- Center for Intelligent Sensing Technology, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Wencai Pan
- Department of Medical Engineering, Xinqiao Hospital, 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- National Innovation Center for Advanced Medical Devices, 40F, Huide Tower, Shenzhen, 518126, China
| | - Yufei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Center for Intelligent Sensing Technology, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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Gautam N, Chattopadhyay S, Kar S, Sarkar A. Real-time detection of plasma ferritin by electrochemical biosensor developed for biomedical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 235:115579. [PMID: 37517244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Rapid quantification of plasma ferritin levels holds utmost importance for the effective management of different chronic illnesses. We report the development of a novel biosensor for quantitative and selective detection of ferritin from a drop of blood plasma. Developed electrochemical biosensing platform contains a semiconductor nano-structured decorated screen-printed electrode (SND-SPE). The hydrothermally synthesized ZnO-Mn3O4 nanocomposite which has been coated on the electrode surfaces, imparts the specificity in ferritin diagnostics. Cyclic voltametric (CV) measurements with blood plasma shows a prominent reduction peak of ∼ - 0.76 V for specific ferritin reduction. The amperometric sensor shows a known concentration of 0.3 µg/dl ferritin-containing plasma generates 15 µA of current for single-time use. The efficacy of the device is evaluated by detecting ferritin in human plasma samples. The limit of detection and response time of the developed sensor are 0.04 µg/dl and 0.1 s respectively. The layer of ZnO-Mn3O4 nanocomposite has played as an excellent catalyst during the specific reduction of Fe3+ ion and the merits of the device in terms of high robustness, ultrafast detection, highly stable, low-cost, and a biodegradable sensor, make it attractive for the deployment in point-of-care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gautam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sudip Chattopadhyay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Shantimoy Kar
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Arnab Sarkar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
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Khaleque MA, Hossain MI, Ali MR, Bacchu MS, Saad Aly MA, Khan MZH. Nanostructured wearable electrochemical and biosensor towards healthcare management: a review. RSC Adv 2023; 13:22973-22997. [PMID: 37529357 PMCID: PMC10387826 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03440b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in demand for wearable sensors, particularly these tracking the surroundings, fitness, and health of people. Thus, selective detection in human body fluid is a demand for a smart lifestyle by quick monitoring of electrolytes, drugs, toxins, metabolites and biomolecules, proteins, and the immune system. In this review, these parameters along with the main features of the latest and mostly cited research work on nanostructured wearable electrochemical and biosensors are surveyed. This study aims to help researchers and engineers choose the most suitable selective and sensitive sensor. Wearable sensors have broad and effective sensing platforms, such as contact lenses, Google Glass, skin-patch, mouth gourds, smartwatches, underwear, wristbands, and others. For increasing sensor reliability, additional advancements in electrochemical and biosensor precision, stability in uncontrolled environments, and reproducible sample conveyance are necessary. In addition, the optimistic future of wearable electrochemical sensors in fields, such as remote and customized healthcare and well-being is discussed. Overall, wearable electrochemical and biosensing technologies hold great promise for improving personal healthcare and monitoring performance with the potential to have a significant impact on daily lives. These technologies enable real-time body sensing and the communication of comprehensive physiological information.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Khaleque
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
| | - M I Hossain
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
| | - M R Ali
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
| | - M S Bacchu
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
| | - M Aly Saad Aly
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute (GTSI), Tianjin University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - M Z H Khan
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
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Chinnappan R, Mir TA, Alsalameh S, Makhzoum T, Alzhrani A, Alnajjar K, Adeeb S, Al Eman N, Ahmed Z, Shakir I, Al-Kattan K, Yaqinuddin A. Emerging Biosensing Methods to Monitor Lung Cancer Biomarkers in Biological Samples: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3414. [PMID: 37444523 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed of all cancers and one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among men and women worldwide, causing 1.5 million deaths every year. Despite developments in cancer treatment technologies and new pharmaceutical products, high mortality and morbidity remain major challenges for researchers. More than 75% of lung cancer patients are diagnosed in advanced stages, leading to poor prognosis. Lung cancer is a multistep process associated with genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. Rapid, accurate, precise, and reliable detection of lung cancer biomarkers in biological fluids is essential for risk assessment for a given individual and mortality reduction. Traditional diagnostic tools are not sensitive enough to detect and diagnose lung cancer in the early stages. Therefore, the development of novel bioanalytical methods for early-stage screening and diagnosis is extremely important. Recently, biosensors have gained tremendous attention as an alternative to conventional methods because of their robustness, high sensitivity, inexpensiveness, and easy handling and deployment in point-of-care testing. This review provides an overview of the conventional methods currently used for lung cancer screening, classification, diagnosis, and prognosis, providing updates on research and developments in biosensor technology for the detection of lung cancer biomarkers in biological samples. Finally, it comments on recent advances and potential future challenges in the field of biosensors in the context of lung cancer diagnosis and point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Chinnappan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Tissue/Organ Bioengineering & BioMEMS, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, Transplant Research & Innovation Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer Ahmad Mir
- Laboratory of Tissue/Organ Bioengineering & BioMEMS, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, Transplant Research & Innovation Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Tariq Makhzoum
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Alzhrani
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Tissue/Organ Bioengineering & BioMEMS, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, Transplant Research & Innovation Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alnajjar
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma Adeeb
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Al Eman
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zara Ahmed
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail Shakir
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Al-Kattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Yaqinuddin
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
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Qureshi A, Niazi JH. Graphene-interfaced flexible and stretchable micro-nano electrodes: from fabrication to sweat glucose detection. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1580-1607. [PMID: 36880340 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01517j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and stretchable wearable electronic devices have received tremendous attention for their non-invasive and personal health monitoring applications. These devices have been fabricated by integrating flexible substrates and graphene nanostructures for non-invasive detection of physiological risk biomarkers from human bodily fluids, such as sweat, and monitoring of human physical motion tracking parameters. The extraordinary properties of graphene nanostructures in fully integrated wearable devices have enabled improved sensitivity, electronic readouts, signal conditioning and communication, energy harvesting from power sources through electrode design and patterning, and graphene surface modification or treatment. This review explores advances made toward the fabrication of graphene-interfaced wearable sensors, flexible and stretchable conductive graphene electrodes, as well as their potential applications in electrochemical sensors and field-effect-transistors (FETs) with special emphasis on monitoring sweat biomarkers, mainly in glucose-sensing applications. The review emphasizes flexible wearable sweat sensors and provides various approaches thus far employed for the fabrication of graphene-enabled conductive and stretchable micro-nano electrodes, such as photolithography, electron-beam evaporation, laser-induced graphene designing, ink printing, chemical-synthesis and graphene surface modification. It further explores existing graphene-interfaced flexible wearable electronic devices utilized for sweat glucose sensing, and their technological potential for non-invasive health monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjum Qureshi
- Sabanci University, SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Javed H Niazi
- Sabanci University, SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Pradela-Filho LA, Veloso WB, Arantes IVS, Gongoni JLM, de Farias DM, Araujo DAG, Paixão TRLC. Paper-based analytical devices for point-of-need applications. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:179. [PMID: 37041400 PMCID: PMC10089827 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) are powerful platforms for point-of-need testing since they are inexpensive devices fabricated in different shapes and miniaturized sizes, ensuring better portability. Additionally, the readout and detection systems can be accomplished with portable devices, allying with the features of both systems. These devices have been introduced as promising analytical platforms to meet critical demands involving rapid, reliable, and simple testing. They have been applied to monitor species related to environmental, health, and food issues. Herein, an outline of chronological events involving PADs is first reported. This work also introduces insights into fundamental parameters to engineer new analytical platforms, including the paper type and device operation. The discussions involve the main analytical techniques used as detection systems, such as colorimetry, fluorescence, and electrochemistry. It also showed recent advances involving PADs, especially combining optical and electrochemical detection into a single device. Dual/combined detection systems can overcome individual barriers of the analytical techniques, making possible simultaneous determinations, or enhancing the devices' sensitivity and/or selectivity. In addition, this review reports on distance-based detection, which is also considered a trend in analytical chemistry. Distance-based detection offers instrument-free analyses and avoids user interpretation errors, which are outstanding features for analyses at the point of need, especially for resource-limited regions. Finally, this review provides a critical overview of the practical specifications of the recent analytical platforms involving PADs, demonstrating their challenges. Therefore, this work can be a highly useful reference for new research and innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauro A Pradela-Filho
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - William B Veloso
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Iana V S Arantes
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana L M Gongoni
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Davi M de Farias
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Diele A G Araujo
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago R L C Paixão
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Nambiar S, Mohan M, Rosin Jose A. Voltammetric Sensors: A Versatile Tool in COVID‐19 Diagnosis and Prognosis. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Souparnika Nambiar
- PG and Research Dept. of Chemistry Sacred Heart College (Autonomous) Thevara Kochi Kerala INDIA 682013
| | - Malavika Mohan
- PG and Research Dept. of Chemistry Sacred Heart College (Autonomous) Thevara Kochi Kerala INDIA 682013
| | - Ammu Rosin Jose
- PG and Research Dept. of Chemistry Sacred Heart College (Autonomous) Thevara Kochi Kerala INDIA 682013
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Udhani R, Kothari C, Sarvaiya J. A Comprehensive Study: Traditional and Cutting-Edge Analytical Techniques for the Biomarker Based Detection of the Micronutrients & POC Sensing Directions for Next-Generation Diagnostic. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-20. [PMID: 36720848 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2169823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiency is wide spread and highly affects morbidity, mortality, and well-being of human beings. Micronutrient deficiency gradually manifests into diseases, which effects pathophysiology directly or indirectly. There is an imprecision in the diagnosis of micronutrient deficiency because of two causes; the selection of the standard biomarker and the diagnostic technique used. In appropriate diagnosis could increase the severity of the disorder. Instead of a single a combination of biomarkers can give more stringent results for micronutrient testing. Several traditional analytical techniques are used for diagnosis but HPLC, ELISA & LCMS/MS are most sensitive and reliable methods used by CLSIA-certified labs. However, these techniques require well-equipped, centralized laboratory facilities. The diagnostic era moves toward the Point of Care Testing (POCT), a boon in emerging diagnostics, breaking all paradigms of traditional analytical techniques. POCT led us toward the development of biosensors, which encompasses many techniques like paper-based sensors, microfluidic chip, wearable devices, and smartphone-assisted diagnostics, which become more popular diagnostic tools. This outlook summarizes the micronutrients like vitamins A, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12 C, D, and E and Minerals like iron, calcium, zinc, magnesium, and sodium; along with its biomarkers, analytical techniques, and point of care innovation in micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raveena Udhani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Charmy Kothari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Jayrajsinh Sarvaiya
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Forensic Science University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Lomae A, Preechakasedkit P, Teekayupak K, Panraksa Y, Yukird J, Chailapakul O, Ruecha N. Microfluidic Paper-Based Device for Medicinal Diagnosis. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:CTMC-EPUB-127355. [PMID: 36330618 DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666221103103211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The demand for point-of-care testing (POCT) devices has rapidly grown since they offer immediate test results with ease of use, makingthem suitable for home self-testing patients and caretakers. However, the POCT development has faced the challenges of increased cost and limited resources. Therefore, the paper substrate as a low-cost material has been employed to develop a cost-effective POCT device, known as "Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs)". This device is gaining attention as a promising tool for medicinal diagnostic applications owing to its unique features of simple fabrication, low cost, enabling manipulation flow (capillarydriven flow), the ability to store reagents, and accommodating multistep assay requirements. OBJECTIVE This review comprehensively examines the fabrication methods and device designs (2D/3D configuration) and their advantages and disadvantages, focusing on updated μPADs applications for motif identification. METHODS The evolution of paper-based devices, starting from the traditional devices of dipstick and lateral flow assay (LFA) with μPADs, has been described. Patterned structure fabrication of each technique has been compared among the equipment used, benefits, and drawbacks. Microfluidic device designs, including 2D and 3D configurations, have been introduced as well as their modifications. Various designs of μPADs have been integrated with many powerful detection methods such as colorimetry, electrochemistry, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, electrochemiluminescence, and SER-based sensors for medicinal diagnosis applications. CONCLUSION The μPADs potential to deal with commercialization in terms of the state-of-the-art of μPADs in medicinal diagnosis has been discussed. A great prototype, which is currently in a reallife application breakthrough, has been updated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atchara Lomae
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pattarachaya Preechakasedkit
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kanyapat Teekayupak
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Yosita Panraksa
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jutiporn Yukird
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Orawon Chailapakul
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nipapan Ruecha
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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12
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Electrochemical microfluidic paper-based analytical devices for tumor marker detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Pusomjit P, Teengam P, Chuaypen N, Tangkijvanich P, Thepsuparungsikul N, Chailapakul O. Electrochemical immunoassay for detection of hepatitis C virus core antigen using electrode modified with Pt-decorated single-walled carbon nanotubes. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:339. [PMID: 35982360 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05400-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pt nanoparticles deposited on single-walled carbon nanotubes (PtSWCNTs), synthesized via the deposition precipitation (DP) method, were introduced as a substrate for immobilizing antibodies on an electrode surface and then enhancing the electrochemical sensitivity. A PtSWCNT-modified paper-based screen-printed graphene electrode was successfully developed to diagnose hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The hepatitis C virus core antigen (HCV-cAg) level was determined by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) using [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- as a redox solution. In the presence of HCV-cAg, the DPV current response decreased with increasing HCV-cAg concentration. Under the optimal conditions, the change in current response provides a good linear correlation with the logarithm of HCV-cAg concentration in the range 0.05 to 1000 pg mL-1 (RSD < 5%), and the limit of detection was 0.015 pg mL-1 (or 0.71 fmol L-1). Furthermore, the proposed immunosensor has been utilized to quantify HCV-cAg in human serum samples with reliable results compared with standard immunoassays (% relative error < 10%). This sensor offers a simple, sensitive, selective, disposable, and inexpensive means for determination of HCV-cAg in human serum samples. The paper-based label-free immunosensor is versatile and feasible for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pannaporn Pusomjit
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prinjaporn Teengam
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natthaya Chuaypen
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pisit Tangkijvanich
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nichanan Thepsuparungsikul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Amphoe Muang, 73000, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
| | - Orawon Chailapakul
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence On Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand.
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14
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Vásquez V, Orozco J. Detection of COVID-19-related biomarkers by electrochemical biosensors and potential for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of the course of the disease in the context of personalized medicine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 415:1003-1031. [PMID: 35970970 PMCID: PMC9378265 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As a more efficient and effective way to address disease diagnosis and intervention, cutting-edge technologies, devices, therapeutic approaches, and practices have emerged within the personalized medicine concept depending on the particular patient's biology and the molecular basis of the disease. Personalized medicine is expected to play a pivotal role in assessing disease risk or predicting response to treatment, understanding a person's health status, and, therefore, health care decision-making. This work discusses electrochemical biosensors for monitoring multiparametric biomarkers at different molecular levels and their potential to elucidate the health status of an individual in a personalized manner. In particular, and as an illustration, we discuss several aspects of the infection produced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a current health care concern worldwide. This includes SARS-CoV-2 structure, mechanism of infection, biomarkers, and electrochemical biosensors most commonly explored for diagnostics, prognostics, and potentially assessing the risk of complications in patients in the context of personalized medicine. Finally, some concluding remarks and perspectives hint at the use of electrochemical biosensors in the frame of other cutting-edge converging/emerging technologies toward the inauguration of a new paradigm of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Vásquez
- grid.412881.60000 0000 8882 5269Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 N° 52-20, Medellín, 050010 Colombia
| | - Jahir Orozco
- grid.412881.60000 0000 8882 5269Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 N° 52-20, Medellín, 050010 Colombia
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15
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Jaewjaroenwattana J, Phoolcharoen W, Pasomsub E, Teengam P, Chailapakul O. Electrochemical paper-based antigen sensing platform using plant-derived monoclonal antibody for detecting SARS-CoV-2. Talanta 2022; 251:123783. [PMID: 35977451 PMCID: PMC9357285 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The current approaches of diagnostic platforms for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infections mostly relied on adapting the existing technology. In this work, a simple and low-cost electrochemical sensing platform for detecting SAR-CoV-2 antigen was established. The proposed sensor combined the innovative disposable paper-based immunosensor and cost-effective plant-based anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody CR3022, expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. The cellulose nanocrystal was modified on screen-printed graphene electrode to provide the abundant COOH functional groups on electrode surface, leading to the high ability for antibody immobilization. The quantification of the presence receptor binding domain (RBD) spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 was performed using differential pulse voltammetry by monitoring the changing current of [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- redox solution. The current change of [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- before and after the presence of target RBD could be clearly distinguished, providing a linear relationship with RBD concentration in the range from 0.1 pg/mL to 500 ng/mL with the minimum limit of detection of 2.0 fg/mL. The proposed platform was successfully applied to detect RBD in nasopharyngeal swab samples with satisfactory results. Furthermore, the paper-based immunosensor was extended to quantify the RBD level in spiked saliva samples, demonstrating the broadly applicability of this system. This electrochemical paper-based immunosensor has the potential to be employed as a point-of-care testing for COVID-19 diagnosis.
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16
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Preechakasedkit P, Teekayupak K, Citterio D, Ruecha N. Improvement in sensitivity for lateral flow immunoassay of ferritin using novel device design based on gold-enhanced gold nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7831. [PMID: 35551486 PMCID: PMC9098456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11732-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This work introduces a low-cost adhesive tape combined with a hydroxylamine/polyvinyl alcohol/polyethylene oxide (HA/PVA/PEO) blend film to fabricate novel devices for improving sensitivity of gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) via two platforms: (1) LFIA device with integrated gold enhancement and (2) LFIA device with two independent sample inlets. The detection of ferritin has been used for proof-of-concept. The adhesive tape inserted in the devices assists to separate two solutions independently flowing from two different inlets toward a nitrocellulose membrane. On-device gold enhancement was achieved by the enlargement of AuNPs via the catalytic reaction of KAuCl4 and HA using the HA/PVA/PEO blend film easily prepared via a solution-casting technique, which could delay the flow of HA released from the film for 180s and improve storage stability of the device. Under optimal conditions evaluated by naked eyes, the gold enhancement (LOD = 0.5 ng/mL) and double-sample inlet (LOD = 2 ng/mL) devices exhibited 20-fold and fivefold higher sensitivity respectively than a conventional device, verifying the sensitivity improvement. Furthermore, the proposed device was successfully detected ferritin in human serum samples within 10 min via naked-eye observation, exhibiting rapidity and simplicity of use, and the capability to perform on-site assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattarachaya Preechakasedkit
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kanyapat Teekayupak
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Daniel Citterio
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Nipapan Ruecha
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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17
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Yomthiangthae P, Chailapakul O, Siangproh W. Rapid urinary albumin detection using a simple redox cycling process coupled with a paper-based device. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Wang L, Li B, Li J, Qi J, Zhang Z, Chen L. An ion imprinting technology-assisted rotational microfluidic hybrid chip for the fluorescence detection of hexavalent chromium ions. Analyst 2022; 147:3756-3763. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00896c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An ion imprinted fluorescence sensing rotational microfluidic paper- and cloth-based hybrid chip was developed for hexavalent chromium detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Yantai Engineering & Technology College, Yantai 264006, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bowei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ji Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhiyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
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19
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Boonkaew S, Yakoh A, Chuaypen N, Tangkijvanich P, Rengpipat S, Siangproh W, Chailapakul O. An automated fast-flow/delayed paper-based platform for the simultaneous electrochemical detection of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus core antigen. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 193:113543. [PMID: 34416431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs) are useful analytical devices that serve as point-of-care testing (POCT) devices for various clinical biomarkers in view of their simplicity, portability, and low-cost format. However, multistep reagent manipulation usually restricts the performance of the device for end users. Herein, we developed a sequential ePAD for sequential immunosensing fluid delivery by integrating dual flow behaviors (fast-flow/delayed) within a single paper platform for the simultaneous detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C core antigen (HCVcAg). In the present work, a fast-flow channel was used for the automated washing of unbound antigens, while a delayed channel was created to store a redox reagent for further electrochemical analysis with a single buffer loading (the analysis time can be completed within 500 s). Hence, the undesirable complex procedure of multi-step reagent manipulation is scarcely needed by the user. The detection limit of the proposed ePAD was as low as 18.2 pg mL-1 for HBsAg and 1.19 pg mL-1 for HCVcAg. In addition, this proposed ePAD was also proven to be effective in real clinical sera from patients to verify its biological applicability. The ePAD sensor shows high promise as an easy-to-use, portable, and extendable sensor for other multiplex biological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchanat Boonkaew
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Abdulhadee Yakoh
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nattaya Chuaypen
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pisit Tangkijvanich
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Rengpipat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Weena Siangproh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Wattana, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Orawon Chailapakul
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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20
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Pinheiro T, Cardoso AR, Sousa CEA, Marques AC, Tavares APM, Matos AM, Cruz MT, Moreira FTC, Martins R, Fortunato E, Sales MGF. Paper-Based Biosensors for COVID-19: A Review of Innovative Tools for Controlling the Pandemic. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:29268-29290. [PMID: 34778604 PMCID: PMC8577188 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The appearance and quick spread of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease, COVID-19, brought major societal challenges. Importantly, suitable medical diagnosis procedures and smooth clinical management of the disease are an emergent need, which must be anchored on novel diagnostic methods and devices. Novel molecular diagnostic tools relying on nucleic acid amplification testing have emerged globally and are the current gold standard in COVID-19 diagnosis. However, the need for widespread testing methodologies for fast, effective testing in multiple epidemiological scenarios remains a crucial step in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Biosensors have previously shown the potential for cost-effective and accessible diagnostics, finding applications in settings where conventional, laboratorial techniques may not be readily employed. Paper- and cellulose-based biosensors can be particularly relevant in pandemic times, for the renewability, possibility of mass production with sustainable methodologies, and safe environmental disposal. In this review, paper-based devices and platforms targeting SARS-CoV-2 are showcased and discussed, as a means to achieve quick and low-cost PoC diagnosis, including detection methodologies for viral genomic material, viral antigen detection, and serological antibody testing. Devices targeting inflammatory markers relevant for COVID-19 are also discussed, as fast, reliable bedside diagnostic tools for patient treatment and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Pinheiro
- CENIMAT
i3N, Materials Science Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
- BioMark@UC,
Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University
of Coimbra R. Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. Rita Cardoso
- CENIMAT
i3N, Materials Science Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
- BioMark@UC,
Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University
of Coimbra R. Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
- BioMark@ISEP,
School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute
of Porto, R. Dr. António
Bernardino de Almeida, 431, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
- CEB,
Centre of Biological Engineering, University
of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Cristina E. A. Sousa
- BioMark@UC,
Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University
of Coimbra R. Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
- BioMark@ISEP,
School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute
of Porto, R. Dr. António
Bernardino de Almeida, 431, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Marques
- CENIMAT
i3N, Materials Science Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
- BioMark@UC,
Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University
of Coimbra R. Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana P. M. Tavares
- BioMark@UC,
Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University
of Coimbra R. Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
- BioMark@ISEP,
School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute
of Porto, R. Dr. António
Bernardino de Almeida, 431, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
- CEB,
Centre of Biological Engineering, University
of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Ana Miguel Matos
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências
da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Chemical
Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Faculty
of Medicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I, 1st Floor, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
| | - Felismina T. C. Moreira
- BioMark@UC,
Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University
of Coimbra R. Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
- BioMark@ISEP,
School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute
of Porto, R. Dr. António
Bernardino de Almeida, 431, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- CENIMAT
i3N, Materials Science Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Elvira Fortunato
- CENIMAT
i3N, Materials Science Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
| | - M. Goreti F. Sales
- BioMark@UC,
Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University
of Coimbra R. Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
- BioMark@ISEP,
School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute
of Porto, R. Dr. António
Bernardino de Almeida, 431, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
- CEB,
Centre of Biological Engineering, University
of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
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21
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Garg M, Gupta A, Sharma AL, Singh S. Advancements in 2D Materials Based Biosensors for Oxidative Stress Biomarkers. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5944-5960. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Garg
- CSIR- Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector 30-C, Chandigarh 160030, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Arushi Gupta
- CSIR- Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector 30-C, Chandigarh 160030, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Amit L. Sharma
- CSIR- Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector 30-C, Chandigarh 160030, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Suman Singh
- CSIR- Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector 30-C, Chandigarh 160030, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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22
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Noviana E, Ozer T, Carrell CS, Link JS, McMahon C, Jang I, Henry CS. Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices: From Design to Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11835-11885. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eka Noviana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 55281
| | - Tugba Ozer
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey 34220
| | - Cody S. Carrell
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jeremy S. Link
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Catherine McMahon
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Ilhoon Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea 04763
| | - Charles S. Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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23
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Strzelak K, Czajkowska A, Koncki R. The comparison between light-scattering detectors based on LED and photodiode for immunoprecipitation assays of transferrin and ferritin. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1175:338753. [PMID: 34330448 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Undoubtedly, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and photodiodes (PDs) are indispensable optoelectronic devices in modern analytical chemistry. LEDs can serve as either light emitters or detectors, thus being an alternative to the most popular detection systems consisted of PD. In this contribution, a comparison between LED-LED and LED-PD detectors, operating in turbidimetric and nephelometric modes, has been carried out for immunoprecipitation detection of transferrin and ferritin. The greatest emphasis was placed on the study of detectors responses under different measurement conditions including current powering an emitter, amplification gain in the case of PD as detector or the construction of detection cells designed for the Multicommutated Flow Analysis (MCFA). The assumption was to obtain the fully-mechanized system with simple but efficient detection system to enable the determination of iron-binding proteins occurring at different concentration ranges in human body. As a result, the optimized arrangements of LED-LED and LED-PD setups were characterized by similar analytical characteristics, enabling the determination of transferrin with the detection limit (LOD) of 0.2 mg/L and RSDs of 2.8-4.8% for LED-LED, and LOD of 0.1 mg/L and RSDs of 0.9-3.6% for LED-PD. In the case of ferritin detection, only the response of the LED-PD detector was statistically distinguishable in the range of 130-198 μg/L of protein with recorded analytical signal change of 20 mV value. The addition of polymer for signal enhancement provided the increase of response range to 107-253 μg/L, enabling the developed system for detection of pathological serum ferritin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Strzelak
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Robert Koncki
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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24
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Selvarajan RS, Gopinath SCB, Zin NM, Hamzah AA. Infection-Mediated Clinical Biomarkers for a COVID-19 Electrical Biosensing Platform. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3829. [PMID: 34205852 PMCID: PMC8198817 DOI: 10.3390/s21113829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The race towards the development of user-friendly, portable, fast-detection, and low-cost devices for healthcare systems has become the focus of effective screening efforts since the pandemic attack in December 2019, which is known as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Currently existing techniques such as RT-PCR, antigen-antibody-based detection, and CT scans are prompt solutions for diagnosing infected patients. However, the limitations of currently available indicators have enticed researchers to search for adjunct or additional solutions for COVID-19 diagnosis. Meanwhile, identifying biomarkers or indicators is necessary for understanding the severity of the disease and aids in developing efficient drugs and vaccines. Therefore, clinical studies on infected patients revealed that infection-mediated clinical biomarkers, especially pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins, are highly associated with COVID-19. These biomarkers are undermined or overlooked in the context of diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of infected patients. Hence, this review discusses the potential implementation of these biomarkers for COVID-19 electrical biosensing platforms. The secretion range for each biomarker is reviewed based on clinical studies. Currently available electrical biosensors comprising electrochemical and electronic biosensors associated with these biomarkers are discussed, and insights into the use of infection-mediated clinical biomarkers as prognostic and adjunct diagnostic indicators in developing an electrical-based COVID-19 biosensor are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Sri Selvarajan
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
| | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Malaysia;
| | - Noraziah Mohamad Zin
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Azrul Azlan Hamzah
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
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25
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Sempionatto JR, Montiel VRV, Vargas E, Teymourian H, Wang J. Wearable and Mobile Sensors for Personalized Nutrition. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1745-1760. [PMID: 34008960 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While wearable and mobile chemical sensors have experienced tremendous growth over the past decade, their potential for tracking and guiding nutrition has emerged only over the past three years. Currently, guidelines from doctors and dietitians represent the most common approach for maintaining optimal nutrition status. However, such recommendations rely on population averages and do not take into account individual variability in responding to nutrients. Precision nutrition has recently emerged to address the large heterogeneity in individuals' responses to diet, by tailoring nutrition based on the specific requirements of each person. It aims at preventing and managing diseases by formulating personalized dietary interventions to individuals on the basis of their metabolic profile, background, and environmental exposure. Recent advances in digital nutrition technology, including calories-counting mobile apps and wearable motion tracking devices, lack the ability of monitoring nutrition at the molecular level. The realization of effective precision nutrition requires synergy from different sensor modalities in order to make timely reliable predictions and efficient feedback. This work reviews key opportunities and challenges toward the successful realization of effective wearable and mobile nutrition monitoring platforms. Non-invasive wearable and mobile electrochemical sensors, capable of monitoring temporal chemical variations upon the intake of food and supplements, are excellent candidates to bridge the gap between digital and biochemical analyses for a successful personalized nutrition approach. By providing timely (previously unavailable) dietary information, such wearable and mobile sensors offer the guidance necessary for supporting dietary behavior change toward a managed nutritional balance. Coupling of the rapidly emerging wearable chemical sensing devices-generating enormous dynamic analytical data-with efficient data-fusion and data-mining methods that identify patterns and make predictions is expected to revolutionize dietary decision-making toward effective precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane R. Sempionatto
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | | | - Eva Vargas
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Hazhir Teymourian
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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26
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Rosato E, Bonelli M, Locatelli M, de Grazia U, Tartaglia A, Savini F, D’Ovidio C. Forensic Biochemical Markers to Evaluate the Agonal Period: A Literature Review. Molecules 2021; 26:3259. [PMID: 34071519 PMCID: PMC8198460 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, forensic research is multidisciplinary with new methods and parameters useful to define the cause and time of death as well as survival/agony times. The identification of biochemical markers able to estimate agonal period has been studied by many forensic researchers. It is known that the estimation of agonal time in different types of death is not always easy, hence our interest in literature's data. The studies analyzed in this review confirm the important role of thanatobiochemistry for the estimation of survival times. Regardless of the death cause, the survival/agony time between the primary event and death influences markers concentrations in biological samples (e.g., blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid). Different biomarkers can be used for qualitative evaluations in deaths with short and long agony (e.g., C-reactive protein, ferritin, GFAP, etc.). Instead, the quantitative interpretation showed limits due to the lack of reference cut-offs. Thanatobiochemistry is a useful tool to confirm what emerged from autopsies findings (macroscopic and histological analysis), but further studies are desirable to confirm the evidence emerging from our review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Rosato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (E.R.); (M.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Martina Bonelli
- Section of Legal Medicine, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (E.R.); (M.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Ugo de Grazia
- Laboratory of Neurological Biochemistry and Neuropharmacology, IRCCS Neurological Institute Foundation Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Angela Tartaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (E.R.); (M.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Fabio Savini
- Pharmatoxicology Laboratory-Hospital “Santo Spirito”, Via Fonte Romana 8, 65124 Pescara, Italy;
| | - Cristian D’Ovidio
- Section of Legal Medicine, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
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27
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Zhang X, Shen Y, Shen G, Zhang C. Simple and Effective Approach to Prepare an Epoxy-Functionalized Polymer and Its Application for an Electrochemical Immunosensor. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:3637-3643. [PMID: 33585744 PMCID: PMC7876694 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An epoxy-functionalized polymer based on a new skeleton has been prepared via an efficient method and it combined with aminated carbon nanotubes to form a new composite material. This new composite material was applied for the fabrication of an electrochemical immunosensor with good performance. The inexpensive and easily available IgG was used to test the performance of the prepared composite material. The levels of IgG were quantitatively analyzed using a differential pulse voltammetry detection system and the lowest detection limit was calculated to be 0.05 ng/mL. The detection system can also respond to IgG in the concentration range from 0.1 to 25 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Zhang
- Hunan
Province Cooperative Innovation Center for the Construction &
Development of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone, College of
Chemistry and Material Engineering, Hunan
University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, P. R. China
- Hunan
Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Treatment Functional Materials, Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Electroplating
Wastewater Reuse Technology, Changde 415000, P. R. China
| | - Youming Shen
- Hunan
Province Cooperative Innovation Center for the Construction &
Development of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone, College of
Chemistry and Material Engineering, Hunan
University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, P. R. China
- Hunan
Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Treatment Functional Materials, Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Electroplating
Wastewater Reuse Technology, Changde 415000, P. R. China
| | - Guangyu Shen
- Hunan
Province Cooperative Innovation Center for the Construction &
Development of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone, College of
Chemistry and Material Engineering, Hunan
University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, P. R. China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Hunan
Province Cooperative Innovation Center for the Construction &
Development of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone, College of
Chemistry and Material Engineering, Hunan
University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, P. R. China
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28
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Garg M, Sharma AL, Singh S. Advancement in biosensors for inflammatory biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 during 2019-2020. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 171:112703. [PMID: 33049563 PMCID: PMC7544635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has affected everyone throughout the world and has resulted in the loss of lives of many souls. Due to the restless efforts of the researchers working hard day and night, some success has been gained for the detection of virus. As on date, the traditional polymerized chain reactions (PCR), lateral flow devices (LFID) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are being adapted for the detection of this deadly virus. However, a more exciting avenue is the detection of certain biomarkers associated with this viral infection which can be done by simply re-purposing our existing infrastructure. SARS-CoV-2 viral infection triggers various inflammatory, biochemical and hematological biomarkers. Because of the infection route that the virus follows, it causes significant inflammatory response. As a result, various inflammatory markers have been reported to be closely associated with this infection such as C-reactive proteins, interleukin-6, procalcitonin and ferritin. Sensing of these biomarkers can simultaneously help in understanding the illness level of the affected patient. Also, by monitoring these biomarkers, we can predict the viral infections in those patients who have low SARS-CoV-2 RNA and hence are missed by traditional tests. This can give more targets to the researchers and scientists, working in the area of drug development and provide better prognosis. In this review, we propose to highlight the conventional as well as the non-conventional methods for the detection of these inflammatory biomarkers which can act as a single platform of knowledge for the researchers and scientists working for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Garg
- CSIR- Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector 30-C, Chandigarh, 160030, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Amit L Sharma
- CSIR- Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector 30-C, Chandigarh, 160030, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Suman Singh
- CSIR- Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector 30-C, Chandigarh, 160030, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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29
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Mathew M, Radhakrishnan S, Vaidyanathan A, Chakraborty B, Rout CS. Flexible and wearable electrochemical biosensors based on two-dimensional materials: Recent developments. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:727-762. [PMID: 33094369 PMCID: PMC7581469 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The research interest in wearable sensors has tremendously increased in recent years. Amid the different biosensors, electrochemical biosensors are unparalleled and ideal for the design and manufacture of such flexible and wearable sensors because of their various benefits, including convenient operation, quick response, portability, and inherent miniaturization. A number of studies on flexible and wearable electrochemical biosensors have been reported in recent years for invasive/non-invasive and real-time monitoring of biologically relevant molecules such as glucose, lactate, dopamine, cortisol, and antigens. To attain this, novel two-dimensional nanomaterials and their hybrids, various substrates, and detection methods have been explored to fabricate flexible conductive platforms that can be used to develop flexible electrochemical biosensors. In particular, there are many advantages associated with the advent of two-dimensional materials, such as light weight, high stretchability, high performance, and excellent biocompatibility, which offer new opportunities to improve the performance of wearable electrochemical sensors. Therefore, it is urgently required to study wearable/flexible electrochemical biosensors based on two-dimensional nanomaterials for health care monitoring and clinical analysis. In this review, we described recently reported flexible electrochemical biosensors based on two-dimensional nanomaterials. We classified them into specific groups, including enzymatic/non-enzymatic biosensors and affinity biosensors (immunosensors), recent developments in flexible electrochemical immunosensors based on polymer and plastic substrates to monitor biologically relevant molecules. This review will discuss perspectives on flexible electrochemical biosensors based on two-dimensional materials for the clinical analysis and wearable biosensing devices, as well as the limitations and prospects of the these electrochemical flexible/wearable biosensors.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minu Mathew
- Centre for Nano and Material Science, Jain University, Jain global campus, Jakkasandra, Ramanagara, Bangalore, 562112, India
| | - Sithara Radhakrishnan
- Centre for Nano and Material Science, Jain University, Jain global campus, Jakkasandra, Ramanagara, Bangalore, 562112, India
| | - Antara Vaidyanathan
- Department of Chemistry, Ramnarain Ruia Autonomous College, Matunga, Mumbai, 40085, India
| | - Brahmananda Chakraborty
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 40085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 40094, India.
| | - Chandra Sekhar Rout
- Centre for Nano and Material Science, Jain University, Jain global campus, Jakkasandra, Ramanagara, Bangalore, 562112, India.
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30
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He Q, Yang H, Pan J, Cui X, Shen D, Eremin SA, Fang Y, Zhao S. Lateral Flow Immunosensor for Ferritin Based on Dual Signal-Amplified Strategy by Rhodium Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8849-8856. [PMID: 35019560 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is one of the most widely used tools for analysis and field measurement and has the advantages of high efficiency, simple operation, portability, and low cost. Therefore, in this study, we designed a proof-of-concept of LFIA based on rhodium nanoparticles and investigated its improvement by further introducing the tetramethyl benzidine and H2O2 mixture as the substrate to trigger the color reaction. The proposed methods were qualitative research by the naked eye and quantitative measurement by a smartphone and software. Under the optimal condition, the detection of ferritin was successfully established with the limit of detection of 0.3 ng/mL. The lowest visually detectable amount was 0.05 ng/mL. To verify the performance of the RhNPs-LFIA, three spiked serum samples were tested, and the recovery rate increased from 88.9 to 129.9%, revealing that the proposed methods were applicable and practically reliable for testing serum samples. The developed RhNP-based LFIA is highly sensitive and convenient, which provides a promising technology for accurate, rapid, high sensitivity, and high screening detection of ferritin in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyi He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.,Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Junkang Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiping Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Sergei A Eremin
- Faculty of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yanxiong Fang
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Suqing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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31
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Yakoh A, Pimpitak U, Rengpipat S, Hirankarn N, Chailapakul O, Chaiyo S. Paper-based electrochemical biosensor for diagnosing COVID-19: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and antigen. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 176:112912. [PMID: 33358057 PMCID: PMC7746088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is emerging as a global pandemic outbreak. To date, approximately one million deaths and over 32 million cases have been reported. This ongoing pandemic urgently requires an accurate testing device that can be used in the field in a fast manner. Serological assays to detect antibodies have been proven to be a great complement to the standard method of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), particularly after the second week of infection. We have developed a specific and sensitive immunosensor for immunoglobulin detection produced against SARS-CoV-2. Unlike other lateral flow-based assays (LFAs) involving the utilization of multiple antibodies, we have reported a label-free paper-based electrochemical platform targeting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies without the specific requirement of an antibody. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies will interrupt the redox conversion of the redox indicator, resulting in a decreased current response. This electrochemical sensor was proven effective in real clinical sera from patients with satisfactory results. In addition, the proposed format was also extended to antigen detection (the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2), which presents new possibilities for diagnosing COVID-19. Electrochemical sensor for COVID-19 diagnostic. Serological assay for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was demonstrated. Sensitivity enhancement compared to the traditional LFA devices. Applicable to real clinical sera with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhadee Yakoh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Umaporn Pimpitak
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Rengpipat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Qualified Diagnostic Development Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Orawon Chailapakul
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sudkate Chaiyo
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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32
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Lin J, Li K, Wang M, Chen X, Liu J, Tang H. Reagentless and sensitive determination of carcinoembryonic antigen based on a stable Prussian blue modified electrode. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38316-38322. [PMID: 35517528 PMCID: PMC9057263 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06751b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reagentless and sensitive detection of tumor biomarkers using label-free electrochemical immunosensors is highly desirable for early and effective cancer diagnosis. Herein, we present a label-free electrochemical immunoassay platform based on surface-confined Prussian blue (PB) redox probes for sensitive and reagentless determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). To facilitate the electron transfer of probes and improve sensitivity, Au nanoparticles and PB (Au-PB) are electrochemically co-deposited on a carbon nanotube (CNT) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). A polydopamine (pDA) layer is coated on the Au-PB nanocomposite layer in situ as a bifunctional linker. In addition to improving the stability of PB, pDA also provides reducibility for the preparation of gold nanoparticles, which offers an interface for anti-CEA antibody immobilization. The fabricated immunosensor has good stability and is able to reagentlessly detect CEA over a wide range (0.005-50 ng mL-1) with high reproducibility. Furthermore, the immunosensor was used for determination of CEA in human serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lin
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 China
| | - Kunyin Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 China
| | - Meifang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone Hangzhou 310018 PR China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning 530023 China
| | - Jiyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone Hangzhou 310018 PR China
| | - Hongliang Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning 530023 China
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33
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Garg M, Christensen MG, Iles A, Sharma AL, Singh S, Pamme N. Microfluidic-Based Electrochemical Immunosensing of Ferritin. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10080091. [PMID: 32764518 PMCID: PMC7460419 DOI: 10.3390/bios10080091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin is a clinically important biomarker which reflects the state of iron in the body and is directly involved with anemia. Current methods available for ferritin estimation are generally not portable or they do not provide a fast response. To combat these issues, an attempt was made for lab-on-a-chip-based electrochemical detection of ferritin, developed with an integrated electrochemically active screen-printed electrode (SPE), combining nanotechnology, microfluidics, and electrochemistry. The SPE surface was modified with amine-functionalized graphene oxide to facilitate the binding of ferritin antibodies on the electrode surface. The functionalized SPE was embedded in the microfluidic flow cell with a simple magnetic clamping mechanism to allow continuous electrochemical detection of ferritin. Ferritin detection was accomplished via cyclic voltammetry with a dynamic linear range from 7.81 to 500 ng·mL−1 and an LOD of 0.413 ng·mL−1. The sensor performance was verified with spiked human serum samples. Furthermore, the sensor was validated by comparing its response with the response of the conventional ELISA method. The current method of microfluidic flow cell-based electrochemical ferritin detection demonstrated promising sensitivity and selectivity. This confirmed the plausibility of using the reported technique in point-of-care testing applications at a much faster rate than conventional techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Garg
- CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector 30-C, Chandigarh 160030, India; (M.G.); (A.L.S.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK; (M.G.C.); (A.I.)
| | - Martin Gedsted Christensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK; (M.G.C.); (A.I.)
| | - Alexander Iles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK; (M.G.C.); (A.I.)
| | - Amit L. Sharma
- CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector 30-C, Chandigarh 160030, India; (M.G.); (A.L.S.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Suman Singh
- CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector 30-C, Chandigarh 160030, India; (M.G.); (A.L.S.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (N.P.)
| | - Nicole Pamme
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK; (M.G.C.); (A.I.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (N.P.)
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