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Masuda R, Karasaki T, Sase S, Kuwano S, Goto K. Highly Electrophilic Intermediates in the Bypass Mechanism of Glutathione Peroxidase: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Structures of Selenocysteine-Derived Cyclic Selenenyl Amides. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302615. [PMID: 37738074 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Selenocysteine (Sec)-derived cyclic selenenyl amides, formed by the intramolecular cyclization of Sec selenenic acids (Sec-SeOHs), have been postulated to function as protective forms in the bypass mechanism of glutathione peroxidase (GPx). However, their chemical properties have not been experimentally elucidated in proteins or small-molecule systems. Recently, we reported the first nuclear magnetic resonance observation of Sec-SeOHs and their cyclization to the corresponding cyclic selenenyl amides by using selenopeptide model systems incorporated in a molecular cradle. Herein, we elucidate the structures and reactivities of Sec-derived cyclic selenenyl amides. The crystal structures and reactions toward a cysteine thiol or a 1,3-diketone-type chemical probe indicated the highly electrophilic character of cyclic selenenyl amides. This suggests that they can serve not only as protective forms to suppress the inactivation of Sec-SeOHs in GPx but also as highly electrophilic intermediates in the reactions of selenoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Masuda
- School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Takafumi Karasaki
- School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Shohei Sase
- School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Satoru Kuwano
- School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Kei Goto
- School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
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2
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Goto K, Kimura R, Masuda R, Karasaki T, Sase S. Demonstration of the Formation of a Selenocysteine Selenenic Acid through Hydrolysis of a Selenocysteine Selenenyl Iodide Utilizing a Protective Molecular Cradle. Molecules 2023; 28:7972. [PMID: 38138461 PMCID: PMC10746021 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenocysteine selenenic acids (Sec-SeOHs) and selenocysteine selenenyl iodides (Sec-SeIs) have long been recognized as crucial intermediates in the catalytic cycle of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and iodothyronine deiodinase (Dio), respectively. However, the observation of these reactive species remained elusive until our recent study, where we successfully stabilized Sec-SeOHs and Sec-SeIs using a protective molecular cradle. Here, we report the first demonstration of the chemical transformation from a Sec-SeI to a Sec-SeOH through alkaline hydrolysis. A stable Sec-SeI derived from a selenocysteine methyl ester was synthesized using the protective cradle, and its structure was determined by crystallographic analysis. The alkaline hydrolysis of the Sec-SeI at -50 °C yielded the corresponding Sec-SeOH in an 89% NMR yield, the formation of which was further confirmed by its reaction with dimedone. The facile and nearly quantitative conversion of the Sec-SeI to the Sec-SeOH not only validates the potential involvement of this process in the catalytic mechanism of Dio, but also highlights its utility as a method for producing a Sec-SeOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Goto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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3
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Wang B, Nan ZA, Li Q, Liu J, Lu ZX, Wang W, Zhuo Z, Li GL, Huang YG. Trapping an Ester Hydrate Intermediate in a π-Stacked Macrocycle with Multiple Hydrogen Bonds. Molecules 2023; 28:5705. [PMID: 37570674 PMCID: PMC10420806 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ester hydrates, as the intermediates of the esterification between acid and alcohol, are very short-lived and challenging to be trapped. Therefore, the crystal structures of ester hydrates have rarely been characterized. Herein, we present that the mono-deprotonated ester hydrates [CH3OSO2(OH)2]-, serving as the template for the self-assembly of a π-stacked boat-shaped macrocycle (CH3OSO2(OH)2)0.67(CH3OSO3)1.33@{[ClLCoII]6}·Cl4·13CH3OH·9H2O (1) (L = tris(2-benzimidazolylmethyl) amine), can be trapped in the host by multiple NH···O hydrogen bonds. In the solution of CoCl2, L, and H2SO4 in MeOH, HSO4- reacts with MeOH, producing [CH3OSO3]- via the ester hydrate intermediate of [CH3OSO3(OH)2]-. Both the product and the intermediate serve as the template directing the self-assembly of the π-stacked macrocycle, in which the short-lived ester hydrate is firmly trapped and stabilized, as revealed by single-crystal analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (B.W.); (Z.-A.N.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (Z.-X.L.); (W.W.); (Z.Z.); (G.-L.L.)
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zi-Ang Nan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (B.W.); (Z.-A.N.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (Z.-X.L.); (W.W.); (Z.Z.); (G.-L.L.)
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (B.W.); (Z.-A.N.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (Z.-X.L.); (W.W.); (Z.Z.); (G.-L.L.)
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (B.W.); (Z.-A.N.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (Z.-X.L.); (W.W.); (Z.Z.); (G.-L.L.)
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zi-Xiu Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (B.W.); (Z.-A.N.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (Z.-X.L.); (W.W.); (Z.Z.); (G.-L.L.)
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Wei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (B.W.); (Z.-A.N.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (Z.-X.L.); (W.W.); (Z.Z.); (G.-L.L.)
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhu Zhuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (B.W.); (Z.-A.N.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (Z.-X.L.); (W.W.); (Z.Z.); (G.-L.L.)
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Guo-Ling Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (B.W.); (Z.-A.N.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (Z.-X.L.); (W.W.); (Z.Z.); (G.-L.L.)
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - You-Gui Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (B.W.); (Z.-A.N.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (Z.-X.L.); (W.W.); (Z.Z.); (G.-L.L.)
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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4
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Masuda R, Kuwano S, Goto K. Modeling Selenoprotein Se-Nitrosation: Synthesis of a Se-Nitrososelenocysteine with Persistent Stability. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37267591 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Se-nitrosation in selenoproteins such as glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase to produce Se-nitrososelenocysteines (Sec-SeNOs) has been proposed to play crucial roles in signaling processes mediated by reactive nitrogen species and nitrosative-stress responses, although chemical evidence for the formation of Sec-SeNOs has been elusive not only in proteins but also in small-molecule systems. Herein, we report the first synthesis of a Sec-SeNO by employing a selenocysteine model system that bears a protective molecular cradle. The Sec-SeNO was characterized using 1H and 77Se nuclear magnetic resonance as well as ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy and found to have persistent stability at room temperature in solution. The reaction processes involving the Sec-SeNO provide experimental information that serves as a chemical basis for elucidating the reaction mechanisms involving the SeNO species in biological functions, as well as in selenol-catalyzed NO generation from S-nitrosothiols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Masuda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Satoru Kuwano
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Kei Goto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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5
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Medvedko S, Ströbele M, Wagner JP. Synthesis of Sterically Encumbered Thiourea S-Oxides through Direct Thiourea Oxidation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203005. [PMID: 36279187 PMCID: PMC10107457 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Thiourea S-oxides can be viewed as formal analogs of the currently unknown diamino-substituted Criegee intermediates (urea O-oxides). However, the preparation of such S-oxides is rather challenging, and the direct oxidation of thioureas typically only leads to formation of desulfurized products. Employing the accurate revDSD-PBEP86-D4 double hybrid density functional, it was found that the peracid mediated oxidation of thiourea S-oxides exhibits a lower reaction barrier than the oxidation of the corresponding thiourea itself in contrast to most other ordinary thioketones. The undesired overoxidation reactivity, which is associated with strong π-donation from the thiourea's nitrogen atoms, can be partially suppressed by introduction of bulky substituents and the utilization of protic solvents. In this regard, we managed to prepare two sterically encumbered thiourea S-oxides in isolated yields of 35-40 %. The S-oxides are stable in the solid state and in alcoholic solutions at room temperature for extended periods of time, but swiftly decompose in aprotic solvents by disproportionation. A dimesityl-substituted thiourea S-oxide complexed with residual mCBA could be characterized by means of X-ray crystallography, confirming the importance of hydrogen bonding in the stabilization of the amino-substituted C=S+ -O- moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Medvedko
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Organic Chemistry, National Technical University of Ukraine, Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Peremohy Ave 37, 03056, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Markus Ströbele
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - J Philipp Wagner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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6
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Huang X, Zhang S, Liu Z, Cao W, Li G, Gao W, Tang B. Novel AIE Probe for In Situ Imaging of Protein Sulfonation to Assess Cigarette Smoke-Induced Inflammatory Damage. Anal Chem 2023; 95:1967-1974. [PMID: 36625168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine sulfonic acid, a product of protein oxidative damage, is an important sign by which the body and cells sense oxidative stress. Cigarette smoke (CS) can trigger inflammatory reactions in humans that lead to higher levels of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body. Available evidence indicates a possible relationship between protein oxidative damage and cigarette smoke, which is poorly understood due to the limitations of analytical techniques. Herein, we developed a donor-acceptor structured aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorescence probe H-1, which exhibited excellent optical properties for the highly sensitive and specific detection of sulfonic acid biomacromolecules. The probe could be easily synthesized by click chemistry conjugating triazole heterocycles onto a triphenylamine fluorophore, followed by a cationization reaction. Due to low cytotoxity, the probe was successfully applied for in situ imaging of intracellular protein sulfonation, achieving visualization of protein sulfonation in cigarette smoke stimulation-induced inflammatory RAW264.7 cell models. Moreover, an immunofluorescence study of the aorta and lung revealed that significant blue fluorescence signals could be observed only in CS-stimulated vascular. It indicated that CS-stimulated vascular sulfonation injury can be monitored using H-1. This study will provide an efficient method for revealing CS-induced oxidative damage-relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Shengyue Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Cao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Guanghan Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Wen Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
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7
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Ventura ON, Segovia M, Vega-Teijido M, Katz A, Kieninger M, Tasinato N, Salta Z. Correcting the Experimental Enthalpies of Formation of Some Members of the Biologically Significant Sulfenic Acids Family. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6091-6109. [PMID: 36044372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sulfenic acids are important intermediates in the oxidation of cysteine thiol groups in proteins by reactive oxygen species. The mechanism is influenced heavily by the presence of polar groups, other thiol groups, and solvent, all of which determines the need to compute precisely the energies involved in the process. Surprisingly, very scarce experimental information exists about a very basic property of sulfenic acids, the enthalpies of formation. In this Article, we use high level quantum chemical methods to derive the enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K of methane-, ethene-, ethyne-, and benzenesulfenic acids, the only ones for which some experimental information exists. The methods employed were tested against well-known experimental data of related species and extensive CCSD(T) calculations. Our best results consistently point out to a much lower enthalpy of formation of methanesulfenic acid, CH3SOH (ΔfH0(298.15K) = -35.1 ± 0.4 kcal mol-1), than the one reported in the NIST thermochemical data tables. The enthalpies of formation derived for ethynesulfenic acid, HC≡CSOH, +32.9 ± 1.0 kcal/mol, and benzenesulfenic acid, C6H5SOH, -2.6 ± 0.6 kcal mol-1, also differ markedly from the experimental values, while the enthalpy of formation of ethenesulfenic acid CH2CHSOH, not available experimentally, was calculated as -11.2 ± 0.7 kcal mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar N Ventura
- Computational Chemistry and Biology Group, CCBG, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marc Segovia
- Computational Chemistry and Biology Group, CCBG, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mauricio Vega-Teijido
- Computational Chemistry and Biology Group, CCBG, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Aline Katz
- Computational Chemistry and Biology Group, CCBG, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martina Kieninger
- Computational Chemistry and Biology Group, CCBG, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nicola Tasinato
- SMART Lab, Scuola Normale Superiore, piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Zoi Salta
- SMART Lab, Scuola Normale Superiore, piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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8
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Masuda R, Kuwano S, Sase S, Bortoli M, Madabeni A, Orian L, Goto K. Model Study on the Catalytic Cycle of Glutathione Peroxidase Utilizing Selenocysteine-Containing Tripeptides: Elucidation of the Protective Bypass Mechanism Involving Selenocysteine Selenenic Acids. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Masuda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Satoru Kuwano
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Shohei Sase
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Marco Bortoli
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) i Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, C/M. A. Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Andrea Madabeni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Kei Goto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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9
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Kato T, Lim B, Cheng Y, Pham AT, Maynard J, Moreau D, Poblador-Bahamonde AI, Sakai N, Matile S. Cyclic Thiosulfonates for Thiol-Mediated Uptake: Cascade Exchangers, Transporters, Inhibitors. JACS AU 2022; 2:839-852. [PMID: 35557769 PMCID: PMC9088311 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-mediated uptake is emerging as a powerful method to penetrate cells. Cyclic oligochalcogenides (COCs) have been identified as privileged scaffolds to enable and inhibit thiol-mediated uptake because they can act as dynamic covalent cascade exchangers, i.e., every exchange produces a new, covalently tethered exchanger. In this study, our focus is on the essentially unexplored COCs of higher oxidation levels. Quantitative characterization of the underlying dynamic covalent exchange cascades reveals that the initial ring opening of cyclic thiosulfonates (CTOs) proceeds at a high speed even at a low pH. The released sulfinates exchange with disulfides in aprotic but much less in protic environments. Hydrophobic domains were thus introduced to direct CTOs into hydrophobic pockets to enhance their reactivity. Equipped with such directing groups, fluorescently labeled CTOs entered the cytosol of living cells more efficiently than the popular asparagusic acid. Added as competitive agents, CTOs inhibit the uptake of various COC transporters and SARS-CoV-2 lentivectors. Orthogonal trends found with different transporters support the existence of multiple cellular partners to account for the diverse expressions of thiol-mediated uptake. Dominant self-inhibition and high activity of dimers imply selective and synergistic exchange in hydrophobic pockets as distinguishing characteristics of thiol-mediated uptake with CTOs. The best CTO dimers with hydrophobic directing groups inhibit the cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 lentivectors with an IC50 significantly lower than the previous best CTO, below the 10 μM threshold and better than ebselen. Taken together, these results identify CTOs as an intriguing motif for use in cytosolic delivery, as inhibitors of lentivector entry, and for the evolution of dynamic covalent networks in the broadest sense, with reactivity-based selectivity of cascade exchange emerging as a distinguishing characteristic that deserves further attention.
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10
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Masuda R, Goto K. Modeling of selenocysteine-derived reactive intermediates utilizing a nano-sized molecular cavity as a protective cradle. Methods Enzymol 2022; 662:331-361. [PMID: 35101217 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the biological functions of selenoproteins, various highly reactive species formed by oxidative modification of selenocysteine residues have been postulated to play crucial roles. Representative examples of such species are selenocysteine selenenic acids (Sec-SeOHs) and selenocysteine selenenyl iodides (Sec-SeIs), which have been widely recognized as important intermediates in the catalytic cycle of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and iodothyronine deiodinase, respectively. However, examples of even spectroscopic observation of Sec-SeOHs and Sec-SeIs in either protein or small-molecule model systems remain elusive so far, most likely due to their notorious instability. For the synthesis of small-molecule model compounds of these reactive species, it is essential to suppress their very facile bimolecular decomposition such as self-condensation and disproportionation. Here we outline a novel method for the synthesis of stable small-molecule model compounds of the selenocysteine-derived reactive species, in which a nano-sized molecular cavity is used as a protective cradle to accommodate the reactive selenocysteine unit. Stabilization by the molecular cradle led to the successful synthesis of Sec-SeOHs, which are stable in solution at low temperatures, and a Sec-SeI, which can be isolated as crystals. The catalytic cycle of GPx was investigated using the NMR-observable Sec-SeOH models, and all the chemical processes proposed for the catalytic cycle of GPx, including the bypass process from Sec-SeOH to the corresponding cyclic selenenyl amide, were experimentally confirmed. Detailed protocols for the syntheses of selenopeptide derivatives bearing the molecular cradle and for the spectroscopic monitoring of their reactions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Masuda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Goto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
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11
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Masuda R, Kuwano S, Goto K. Late-Stage Functionalization of the Periphery of Oligophenylene Dendrimers with Various Arene Units via Fourfold C-H Borylation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14433-14443. [PMID: 34469170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Late-stage functionalization of the periphery of oligophenylene dendrimers was efficiently achieved via site-selective C-H activation of a preconstructed, readily accessible dendron. By fourfold iridium-catalyzed C-H borylation followed by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling, various arene units were introduced into the end points of the 1,3,5-phenylene-based hydrocarbon dendron. Coupling of the modified dendrons with a core unit, such as 2,6-dibromobenzoic acid derivatives, afforded the periphery-functionalized dendrimers that also have an endohedral functionality at the core position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Masuda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Satoru Kuwano
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Kei Goto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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Masuda R, Kimura R, Karasaki T, Sase S, Goto K. Modeling the Catalytic Cycle of Glutathione Peroxidase by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Analysis of Selenocysteine Selenenic Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6345-6350. [PMID: 33887135 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although selenocysteine selenenic acids (Sec-SeOHs) have been recognized as key intermediates in the catalytic cycle of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), examples of the direct observation of Sec-SeOH in either protein or small-molecule systems have remained elusive so far, mostly due to their instability. Here, we report the first direct spectroscopic (1H and 77Se NMR) evidence for the formation of Sec-SeOH in small-molecule selenocysteine and selenopeptide model systems with a cradle-type protective group. The catalytic cycle of GPx was investigated using NMR-observable Sec-SeOH models. All the hitherto proposed chemical processes, i.e., not only those of the canonical catalytic cycle but also those involved in the bypass mechanism, including the intramolecular cyclization of Sec-SeOH to the corresponding five-membered ring selenenyl amide, were examined in a stepwise manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Masuda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kimura
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Takafumi Karasaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Shohei Sase
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Kei Goto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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