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Ruiz Esquius J, Morgan DJ, Algara Siller G, Gianolio D, Aramini M, Lahn L, Kasian O, Kondrat SA, Schlögl R, Hutchings GJ, Arrigo R, Freakley SJ. Lithium-Directed Transformation of Amorphous Iridium (Oxy)hydroxides To Produce Active Water Oxidation Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6398-6409. [PMID: 36892000 PMCID: PMC10037335 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial to future energy systems based on water electrolysis. Iridium oxides are promising catalysts due to their resistance to corrosion under acidic and oxidizing conditions. Highly active iridium (oxy)hydroxides prepared using alkali metal bases transform into low activity rutile IrO2 at elevated temperatures (>350 °C) during catalyst/electrode preparation. Depending on the residual amount of alkali metals, we now show that this transformation can result in either rutile IrO2 or nano-crystalline Li-intercalated IrOx. While the transition to rutile results in poor activity, the Li-intercalated IrOx has comparative activity and improved stability when compared to the highly active amorphous material despite being treated at 500 °C. This highly active nanocrystalline form of lithium iridate could be more resistant to industrial procedures to produce PEM membranes and provide a route to stabilize the high populations of redox active sites of amorphous iridium (oxy)hydroxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ruiz Esquius
- Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - David J Morgan
- Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Gerardo Algara Siller
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Diego Gianolio
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Matteo Aramini
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Leopold Lahn
- Helmholtz Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Cauerstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olga Kasian
- Helmholtz Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Cauerstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon A Kondrat
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, 45470 Mulheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Graham J Hutchings
- Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Rosa Arrigo
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, U.K
| | - Simon J Freakley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 2AY, U.K
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Formation of Ir–MgO Solid Solutions Analyzed with X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. CATALYSIS SURVEYS FROM ASIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10563-022-09378-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Czioska S, Ehelebe K, Geppert J, Escalera-López D, Boubnov A, Saraçi E, Mayerhöfer B, Krewer U, Cherevko S, Grunwaldt JD. Heating up the OER: Investigation of IrO2 OER catalysts as function of potential and temperature. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Czioska
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Engesserstraße 20 76131 Karlsruhe GERMANY
| | - Konrad Ehelebe
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy GERMANY
| | - Janis Geppert
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Applied Materials—Electrochemical Technologies GERMANY
| | - Daniel Escalera-López
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy GERMANY
| | - Alexey Boubnov
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Erisa Saraçi
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Britta Mayerhöfer
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy GERMANY
| | - Ulrike Krewer
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Applied Materials—Electrochemical Technologies GERMANY
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy GERMANY
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry GERMANY
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Czioska S, Boubnov A, Escalera-López D, Geppert J, Zagalskaya A, Röse P, Saraçi E, Alexandrov V, Krewer U, Cherevko S, Grunwaldt JD. Increased Ir–Ir Interaction in Iridium Oxide during the Oxygen Evolution Reaction at High Potentials Probed by Operando Spectroscopy. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Czioska
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexey Boubnov
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Daniel Escalera-López
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janis Geppert
- Institute for Applied Materials—Electrochemical Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 20b, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexandra Zagalskaya
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Philipp Röse
- Institute for Applied Materials—Electrochemical Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 20b, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Erisa Saraçi
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Vitaly Alexandrov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Ulrike Krewer
- Institute for Applied Materials—Electrochemical Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 20b, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Escalera-López D, Czioska S, Geppert J, Boubnov A, Röse P, Saraçi E, Krewer U, Grunwaldt JD, Cherevko S. Phase- and Surface Composition-Dependent Electrochemical Stability of Ir-Ru Nanoparticles during Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Escalera-López
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Erlangen, Germany Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Czioska
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Janis Geppert
- Institute of Applied Materials-Electrochemical Technologies (IAM-ET), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexey Boubnov
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Philipp Röse
- Institute of Applied Materials-Electrochemical Technologies (IAM-ET), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Erisa Saraçi
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Krewer
- Institute of Applied Materials-Electrochemical Technologies (IAM-ET), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Erlangen, Germany Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Leach AS, Hack J, Amboage M, Diaz-Moreno S, Huang H, Cullen PL, Wilding M, Magliocca E, Miller TS, Howard CA, Brett DJL, Shearing PR, McMillan PF, Russell AE, Jervis R. A novel fuel cell design for operandoenergy-dispersive x-ray absorption measurements. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:314002. [PMID: 34030140 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A polymer electrolyte fuel cell has been designed to allowoperandox-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements of catalysts. The cell has been developed to operate under standard fuel cell conditions, with elevated temperatures and humidification of the gas-phase reactants, both of which greatly impact the catalyst utilisation. X-ray windows in the endplates of the cell facilitate collection of XAS spectra during fuel cell operation while maintaining good compression in the area of measurement. Results of polarisation curves and cyclic voltammograms showed that theoperandocell performs well as a fuel cell, while also providing XAS data of suitable quality for robust XANES analysis. The cell has produced comparable XAS results when performing a cyclic voltammogram to an establishedin situcell when measuring the Pt LIII edge. Similar trends of Pt oxidation, and reduction of the formed Pt oxide, have been presented with a time resolution of 5 s for each spectrum, paving the way for time-resolved spectral measurements of fuel cell catalysts in a fully-operating fuel cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Leach
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - J Hack
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - M Amboage
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - S Diaz-Moreno
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - H Huang
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - P L Cullen
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
- School of Engineering and Materials Science (SEMS) and Material Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - M Wilding
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Campus, OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - E Magliocca
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - T S Miller
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - C A Howard
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - D J L Brett
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - P R Shearing
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - P F McMillan
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratory, University College London, 20 Gordon St., London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - A E Russell
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - R Jervis
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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Vikulova ES, Karakovskaya KI, Ilyin IY, Kovaleva EA, Piryazev DA, Zelenina LN, Sysoev SV, Morozova NB, Zherikova KV. "Vitruvian" precursor for gas phase deposition: structural insights into iridium β-diketonate volatilities. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9889-9899. [PMID: 33908514 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00464f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New data on the thermodynamic properties of the melting and sublimation of a series of volatile iridium(i) complexes [Ir(cod)(L)] with cyclooctadiene-1,5 (cod) and β-diketones (L = RC(O)CHC(O)R') have been obtained with differential scanning calorimetry and vapor pressure measurements. Combining experimental, empirical and theoretical methods, ways to estimate difference in heat capacities between gas and crystal phases have been suggested. An effect on the volatility in introducing the simplest alkyl, fluorinated alkyl and aryl terminal groups (R and R') into the chelate ligand has been explained in terms of a detailed crystal packing analysis supported by a quantum chemical calculation of crystal lattice energies. To reveal the influence of the coordination center, the thermal behavior of complexes was compared with that for the tris-chelates, [Ir(L)3]. The study broadens our understanding of relationships between the structure and thermal properties of volatile precursors, which is useful for further tuning effective compounds for metal-organic chemical vapor deposition purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniia S Vikulova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
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