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Borocci S, Grandinetti F, Sanna N, Zazza C. Noble Gas Anions: An Overview of Strategies and Bonding Motifs. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400191. [PMID: 38735841 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
This review article aims to provide an overview of the strategies employed to prepare noble gas anions under different environments and experimental conditions, and of the bonding motifs typically occurring in these species. Observed systems include anions fixed into synthesized salts, detected in the gas phase or in high-pressure devices. The major role of the theoretical calculations is also highlighted, not only in support of the experiments, but also as effective in predicting still unreported species. The chemistry of noble gas anions overall appears as a varied and rich paint, offering fascinating opportunities for both experimentalists and theoreticians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Borocci
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università della Tuscia, L.go dell'Università, s.n.c., 01100, Viterbo, Italy
- Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici (ISB) del CNR, Sede di Roma -, Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Felice Grandinetti
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università della Tuscia, L.go dell'Università, s.n.c., 01100, Viterbo, Italy
- Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici (ISB) del CNR, Sede di Roma -, Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Nico Sanna
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università della Tuscia, L.go dell'Università, s.n.c., 01100, Viterbo, Italy
- Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi (ISTP) del CNR, Via Amendola 122/D, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Costantino Zazza
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università della Tuscia, L.go dell'Università, s.n.c., 01100, Viterbo, Italy
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Kuntar SP, Ghosh A, Ghanty TK. Theoretical prediction of donor-acceptor type novel complexes with strong noble gas-boron covalent bond. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:4975-4988. [PMID: 38258349 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02667a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The experimental identification of NgBeO molecules, followed by the recent theoretical exploration of super-strong NgBO+ (Ng = He-Rn) ions motivated us to investigate the stability of iso-electronic NgBNH+ (Ng = He-Rn) ions using various ab initio-based quantum chemical methods. The hydrogen-like chemical behavior of gold in small clusters and molecules also inspired us to study the nature of the bonding interactions in NgBNAu+ ions compared to that in NgBNH+ ions. The calculated Ng-B bond lengths in the predicted ions have been found to be much lower than the corresponding covalent limits, indicating a covalent Ng-B interaction in both the NgBNH+ and NgBNAu+ ions. In addition, the Ng-B bond dissociation energies are found to be in the range of 136.7-422.8 kJ mol-1 for NgBNH+ and 77.4-319.1 kJ mol-1 for NgBNAu+, implying the stable nature of the predicted ions. Interestingly, the Ng-B bond length (except for Ne) is the lowest reported to date together with the highest He-B and Ne-B binding energies considering all the neutral and cationic complexes containing Ng-B bonding motifs. Moreover, the natural bonding orbital (NBO) and electron density-based atoms-in-molecule (AIM) analysis reveal the covalent nature of the Ng-B bond in the predicted ions. Furthermore, the energy decomposition analysis together with the natural bond orbital in the chemical valence (EDA-NOCV) studies indicate that the orbital interaction energy is the main contributor to the total attraction energy in the Ng-B bonds. All the calculated results indicate the hydrogen-like chemical behavior of gold in the predicted NgBNM+ ions, showing further evidence of the concept of "gold-hydrogen analogy". Also, for comparison, the corresponding Cu and Ag analogs are investigated. All the computed results together with the experimental identification of the NgMX (Ng = Ar-Xe; M = Cu, Ag, Au; X = F, Cl), ArOH+, and NgBeO (Ng = Ar-Xe) systems clearly indicate that it may be possible to prepare and characterize the predicted NgBNM+ ions experimentally using suitable technique(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrahmanya Prasad Kuntar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
- Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India.
| | - Ayan Ghosh
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
- Laser and Plasma Technology Division, Beam Technology Development Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Tapan K Ghanty
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
- Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India.
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Kuntar SP, Ghosh A, Ghanty TK. Prediction of donor-acceptor-type novel noble gas complexes in the triplet electronic state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:6987-6994. [PMID: 36807359 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05813h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Closed-shell noble gas (Ng) compounds in the singlet electronic state have been extensively studied in the past two decades after the revolutionary discovery of 1HArF molecule. Motivated by the experimental identification of very strong donor-acceptor-type singlet-state Ng complex 1ArOH+, in the present article, for the first time, we report new donor-acceptor-type noble gas complexes in the triplet electronic state (3NgBeN+ (Ng = He-Rn)), where most of the Ng-Be bond lengths are smaller than the corresponding covalent limits. The newly proposed complexes are predicted to be stable by various computational tools, including coupled-cluster and multireference-based methods, with strong Ng-Be bonding (40.4-196.2 kJ mol-1). We have also investigated 3NgBeP+ (Ng = He-Rn) complexes for the purpose of comparison. Various computational results, including the structural parameters, bonding energies, vibrational frequencies, and atoms-in-molecule properties suggest that it may be possible to prepare and characterize these triplet state complexes through suitable experimental technique(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrahmanya Prasad Kuntar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.,Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - Ayan Ghosh
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.,Laser and Plasma Technology Division, Beam Technology Development Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Tapan K Ghanty
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.,Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
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Kuntar SP, Ghosh A, Ghanty TK. Superstrong Chemical Bonding of Noble Gases with Oxidoboron (BO +) and Sulfidoboron (BS +). J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7888-7900. [PMID: 36264945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the overwhelming exploration of noble gas-boron (Ng-B) bond containing chemical compounds, the stability of the Ng bound BY+ and AlY+ (Y = O and S) has been investigated by using various ab initio based quantum chemical methods. Ng atoms are found to form exceptionally strong bonds with BO+ species in the predicted NgBO+ (Ng = He-Rn) complexes with remarkably high Ng-B dissociation energies ranging from 138.0 to 462.2 kJ mol-1 for the He-Rn series. It is the highest ever Ng-B binding energy in conjunction with the smallest Ng-B bond length for any of the cationic species involving a Ng-B bond as reported until today. More importantly, the calculated Ng-B bond lengths have been found to be much lower than the respective covalent limits in both NgBO+ and NgBS+ ions. The electronegativity difference between O and S atoms has been reflected nicely in the Ng-B and Ng-Al binding energies, which are found to be 91.9-346.5, 9.6-169.2, and 6.8-142.1 kJ mol-1 in NgBS+, NgAlO+, and NgAlS+, respectively. The strong covalent bonding between Ng and B/Al atoms in the predicted chemical systems has also been supported by the natural bonding orbital (NBO) and electron density based atoms-in-molecule (AIM) analysis. In addition, the energy decomposition analysis (EDA) in combination with the natural bond orbital for chemical valence (NOCV) indicates that the orbital interaction term is the prime contributor to the total attraction energy in the Ng-B and Ng-Al bonds. Furthermore, Ng-B and Ng-Al bonding can be assessed using the donor-acceptor model where the σ-electron donation that takes place from Ng (HOMO) → XY+ (LUMO) (X = B and Al; Y = O and S) is the major contributor to the orbital interaction energy. All the computational results along with the very recent experimental observation of ArOH+ and NgMX (Ng = Ar-Xe; M = Cu, Ag, Au; X = F, Cl) clearly indicate that it might be possible to synthesize and characterize these superstrong complexes, NgXY+ (Ng = He-Rn; X = B and Al; Y = O and S), under suitable experimental technique(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrahmanya Prasad Kuntar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India.,Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Ayan Ghosh
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India.,Laser and Plasma Technology Division, Beam Technology Development Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Tapan K Ghanty
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India.,Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
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Yan L. Large B 7 Triangles in Hollow Spherical Trihedral Metallo-borospherenes and Their Endohedral Complexes of B 20TM n (TM = Sc, Y; n = 3, 4): a Theoretical Characterization. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10652-10660. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yan
- College of Electronics & Information Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, People’s Republic of China
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Kuntar SP, Ghosh A, Ghanty TK. Existence of Noble Gas Inserted Phosphorus Fluorides: FNgPF 2 and FNgPF 4 with Ng-P Covalent Bond (Ng = Ar, Kr, Xe and Rn). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20466-20479. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02329f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Very limited literature on noble gas (Ng)-phosphorous chemical bonding and our recent theoretical prediction of FNgP molecule motivates us to explore a unique novel class of neutral noble gas inserted...
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Lin WT, Shih YJ, Hsu TJ, Hu WP. Noble Gas in a Ring. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154677. [PMID: 34361829 PMCID: PMC8347956 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have designed a new type of molecule with a noble gas (Ng = Kr and Xe) atom in a six-membered ring. Their structures and stability have been studied by density functional theory and by correlated electronic structure calculations. The results showed that the six-membered ring is planar with very short Ng–O and Ng–N polar covalent bonds. The calculated energy barriers for all the unimolecular dissociation pathways are higher than 20 and 35 kcal/mol for Ng = Kr and Xe, respectively. The current study suggests that these molecules and their derivatives might be synthesized and observable at cryogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Te Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan; (W.-T.L.); (Y.-J.S.)
| | - Ya-Jyun Shih
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan; (W.-T.L.); (Y.-J.S.)
| | - Tzu-Jeng Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Ping Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan; (W.-T.L.); (Y.-J.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Zhong MM, Fang H, Deepika, Jena P. Super-electrophiles of tri- and tetra-anions stabilized by selected terminal groups and their role in binding noble gas atoms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:21496-21500. [PMID: 34296724 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01969d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Stabilization of multiply-charged atomic clusters in the gas phase has been a topic of great interest not only because of their potential applications as weakly-coordinating anions, but also for their ability to promote unusual reactions and serve as building blocks of materials. Recent experiments have shown that, after removing one terminal ligand from the closo-dodecacyano-borate, B12(CN)122-, the cluster can strongly bind an argon atom at room temperature. Bearing this in mind, here, we have developed more than a dozen highly stable tri- and tetra-anions using density functional theory (DFT) calculations with hybrid functional (B3LYP) and semi-empirical dispersion corrections. The interactions between the clusters and noble gas atoms, including Ne, Ar and Kr, are studied. The resulting super-electrophilic sites embedded in these charged clusters can bind noble gas atoms with binding energies up to 0.7 eV. This study enriches the database of highly-charged clusters and provides a viable design rule for super-electrophiles that can strongly bind noble gas atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Min Zhong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hong Fang
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23238, USA.
| | - Deepika
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23238, USA.
| | - Puru Jena
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23238, USA.
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Tsai CC, Lu YW, Hu WP. Theoretical Prediction on the New Types of Noble Gas Containing Anions OBONgO - and OCNNgO - (Ng = He, Ar, Kr and Xe). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245839. [PMID: 33322010 PMCID: PMC7763801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fluorine-less noble gas containing anions OBONgO− and OCNNgO− have been studied by correlated electronic structure calculation and density functional theory. The obtained energetics indicates that for Ng=Kr and Xe, these anions should be kinetically stable at low temperature. The molecular structures and electron density distribution suggests that these anions are stabilized by ion-induced dipole interactions with charges concentrated on the electronegative OBO and OCN groups. The current study shows that in addition to the fluoride ion, polyatomic groups with strong electronic affinities can also form stable noble gas containing anions of the type Y−…NgO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei-Ping Hu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-5-272-0411 (ext. 66402)
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Rohdenburg M, Azov VA, Warneke J. New Perspectives in the Noble Gas Chemistry Opened by Electrophilic Anions. Front Chem 2020; 8:580295. [PMID: 33282830 PMCID: PMC7691601 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.580295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of noble gases (NGs) is commonly considered to be the realm of highly reactive electophiles with cationic or at least non-charged character. Herein, we summarize our latest results evidencing that the incorporation of a strongly electrophilic site within a rigid cage-like anionic structure offers several advantages that facilitate the binding of noble gases and stabilize the formed NG adducts. The anionic superelectrophiles investigated by us are based on the closo-dodecaborate dianion scaffold. The record holder [B12(CN)11]− binds spontaneously almost all members of the NG family, including the very inert argon at room temperature and neon at 50 K in the gas phase of mass spectrometers. In this perspective, we summarize the argumentation for the advantages of anionic electrophiles in binding of noble gases and explain them in detail using several examples. Then we discuss the next steps necessary to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the binding properties of electrophilic anions with NGs. Finally, we discuss the perspective to prepare bulk ionic materials containing NG derivatives of the anionic superelectophiles. In particular, we explore the role of counterions using computational methods and discuss the methodology, which may be used for the actual preparation of such salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rohdenburg
- Fachbereich 2-Biologie/Chemie, Institut für Angewandte und Physikalische Chemie, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Vladimir A Azov
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Leipzig, Germany
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