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Wilson GJL, Lu C, Lapworth DJ, Kumar A, Ghosh A, Niasar VJ, Krause S, Polya DA, Gooddy DC, Richards LA. Spatial and seasonal controls on dissolved organic matter composition in shallow aquifers under the rapidly developing city of Patna, India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166208. [PMID: 37567307 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) affects numerous (bio)geochemical processes in environmental matrices including groundwater. This study reports the spatial and seasonal controls on the distribution of groundwater DOM under the rapidly developing city of Patna, Bihar (India). Major DOM constituents were determined from river and groundwater samples taken in both pre- and post-monsoon seasons in 2019, using excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. We compared aqueous fluorescent DOM (fDOM) composition to satellite-derived land use data across the field area, testing the hypothesis that the composition of groundwater DOM, and particularly the components associated with surface-derived ingress, may be controlled, in part, by land use. In the pre-monsoon season, the prominence of tryptophan-like components likely generated from recent biological activity overwhelmed the humic-like and tyrosine-like fluorescence signals. Evidence from fluorescence data suggest groundwater in the post-monsoon season is composed of predominantly i) plant-derived matter and ii) anthropogenically influenced DOM (e.g. tryptophan-like components). Organic tracers, as well as Eh and Cl-, suggest monsoonal events mobilise surface-derived material from the unsaturated zone, causing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of more microbial nature to infiltrate to >100 m depth. A correlation between higher protein:humic-like fluorescence and lower vegetation index (NDVI), determined from satellite-based land use data, in the post-monsoon season, indicates the ingression of wastewater-derived OM in groundwater under the urban area. Attenuated protein:humic-like fluorescence in groundwater close to the river points towards the mixing of groundwater and river water. This ingress of surface-derived OM is plausibly exacerbated by intensive groundwater pumping under these areas. Our approach to link the composition of aqueous organics with land use could easily be adapted for similar hydrogeochemical settings to determine the factors controlling groundwater DOM composition in various contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J L Wilson
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Chuanhe Lu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Dan J Lapworth
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Arun Kumar
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Center, Phulwarisharif, Patna 801505, Bihar, India
| | - Ashok Ghosh
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Center, Phulwarisharif, Patna 801505, Bihar, India
| | - Vahid J Niasar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Krause
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom; LEHNA- Laboratoire d'ecologie des hydrosystemes naturels et anthropises, University of Lyon, France
| | - David A Polya
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Daren C Gooddy
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Laura A Richards
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
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2
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Yu X, Cheng A, Chen D, Li T, Fan X, Wang X, Ji W, Wang J, Ren L. Insight into the evolution characteristics on molecular weight of compost dissolved organic matters using high-performance size exclusion chromatography combined with a two-dimensional correlation analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:37197-37207. [PMID: 36571693 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The information on molecular weight (MW) characteristics of DOM and relevant evolution behaviors during composting are limited. In this study, DOM extracted from co-composting of chicken manure and rice husks were comprehensively analyzed by using high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) combined with a two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D COS) to explore the evolution characteristics of MW of compost DOM. The HPSEC detected at UV of 254 nm and at fluorescence (FL) Ex/Em wavelengths (315/410, 270/455 nm) all showed a gradual increase in both weight-average and number-average MW for DOM, suggesting that the large MW fractions were continuously generated and polymerized during composting. The 2D COS applied on HPSEC-UV and -FL further identified the key active MW chromophoric (i.e., 0.5, 7.2. 9.5, 26.3, 30.7, and 83.9 kDa) and fluorophoric (i.e., 0.55 and 3.5 kDa) molecules that mainly participated in the transformation processes of compost DOM. Moreover, these active MW species were preferentially formed by the order of small to large molecules. A hetero-2D COS analysis disclosed the change sequence in the order of 0.5 and 7.2 kDa chromophores → 3.5 kDa fluorophores, and the 0.55 and 3.5 kDa fluorophores → 26.3 and 83.9 kDa chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufang Yu
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ao Cheng
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjun Fan
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biochar and Cropland Pollution Prevention, Bengbu, 233400, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiang Wang
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biochar and Cropland Pollution Prevention, Bengbu, 233400, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Ji
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biochar and Cropland Pollution Prevention, Bengbu, 233400, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Wang
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biochar and Cropland Pollution Prevention, Bengbu, 233400, People's Republic of China
| | - Lantian Ren
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
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Chen X, Gao X, Yu P, Spanu L, Hinojosa J, Zhang S, Long M, Alvarez PJJ, Masiello CA. Rapid Simulation of Decade-Scale Charcoal Aging in Soil: Changes in Physicochemical Properties and Their Environmental Implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:128-138. [PMID: 36525597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In situ aging can change biochar properties, influencing their ecosystem benefits or risks over time. However, there is a lack of field verification of laboratory methods that attempt simulation of long-term natural aging of biochar. We exploited a decade-scale natural charcoal (a proxy for biochar) aging event to determine which lab-aging methods best mimicked field aging. We oxidized charcoal by ultraviolet A radiation (UVA), H2O2, or monochloramine (NH2Cl), and compared it to 10-year field-aged charcoal. We considered seven selected charcoal properties related to surface chemistry and organic matter release, and found that oxidation with 30% H2O2 most representatively simulated 10-year field aging for six out of seven properties. UVA aging failed to approximate oxidation levels while showing a distinctive dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release pattern. NH2Cl-aged charcoal was the most different, showing an increased persistent free radical (PFR) concentration and lower hydrophilicity. All lab oxidation techniques overpredicted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon release. The O/C ratio was well-correlated with DOC release, PFR concentration, surface charge, and charcoal pH, indicating the possibility to accurately predict biochar aging with a reduced suite of physicochemical properties. Overall, our rapid and verified lab-aging methods facilitate research toward derisking and enhancing long-term benefits of biochar application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Pingfeng Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Leonardo Spanu
- Shell International Exploration & Production Inc., Houston, Texas 77082, United States
| | - Jessica Hinojosa
- Shell International Exploration & Production Inc., Houston, Texas 77082, United States
| | - Shuqi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mingce Long
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pedro J J Alvarez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Caroline A Masiello
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Zafar R, Bang TH, Lee YK, Begum MS, Rabani I, Hong S, Hur J. Change in adsorption behavior of aquatic humic substances on microplastic through biotic and abiotic aging processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:157010. [PMID: 35772558 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between microplastics (MPs) and humic substances (HS) are inevitable in MP-contaminated aquatic environment because of the ubiquitous presence of HS. In this study, we explored the effects of abiotic and biotic aging processes on the adsorption behavior of aquatic HS on MPs. Aging experiments were conducted using polyethylene (PE) as a representative MP, in which UV irradiation and microbial incubation were applied for 15 to 18 days to mimic the natural abiotic and biotic aging processes. Surface modifications after the aging treatments were evidenced by the appearance of CO, CO, O-C=O, and -OH groups; the formation of grooves on UV-aged PE; and the formation of biofilms on the surface of bio-aged PE. The specific surface areas of both treated PE MPs increased with aging. Higher HS adsorption on PE surface was observed after the aging treatments, with a highest kinetic rate for UV-aged PE than that for bio-aged PE. The adsorption isotherm models revealed that the aging processes enhanced the HS adsorption tendency, as evidenced by the highest adsorption capacity for UV-aged PE (~187 μg C/m2), followed by bio-aged PE (~157 μg C/m2) and pristine PE (~87.5 μg C/m2) for a comparable extended aging period (15-18 days). The difference was more pronounced at a lower pH. The enhanced HS adsorption was mainly attributed to the formation of hydrogen bonds, whereas HS adsorption on pristine PE was dominated by hydrophobic interactions and weak van der Waals interactions. Among the two identified fluorescent components (terrestrial humic-like C1 and protein-like C2), C1 exhibited a higher affinity for adsorption onto PE irrespective of aging. Our findings provide insights into the substantial changes that occur in the interactions between MPs and aquatic organic matter with aging processes, which may alter the fate and environmental impacts of MPs in many aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Zafar
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Truong Hai Bang
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Most Shirina Begum
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Iqra Rabani
- Interface Lab, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Hu M, Wu W, Lin D, Yang K. Adsorption of fulvic acid on mesopore-rich activated carbon with high surface area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155918. [PMID: 35577089 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The loss of dissolved organic matter (DOM), especially fulvic acid (FA), from soil by rainfall and runoff will reduce soil fertility and result in water pollution of DOM. Carbon materials including biochars (BCs) and activated carbons (ACs) are widely suggested for soil remediation and carbon immobilization. However, these suggested carbon materials are dominated by micropores, and largely limiting the adsorption capacity for FA. Therefore, a mesopore-rich activated carbon (KAC) with high surface area was prepared from bamboo chips to investigate the adsorption of FA. This KAC can adsorb FA more than ACs and BCs investigated in this study and reported in previous studies not only because of the high surface area (3108 m2/g), but also the higher mesopore volume proportion (57%). The negative pH effect on adsorption performance of KAC was weaker than that on AC and BC, because of the less polarity of KAC. Moreover, KAC was favorable to adsorb FA fractions with various molecular weights, higher aromaticity and higher polarity. This study indicated that KAC was a promising adsorbent for FA, and revealed the underlying adsorption mechanism of FA on KAC, which are helpful for the carbon immobilization and pollution control in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenhao Wu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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6
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Loganathan P, Kandasamy J, Jamil S, Ratnaweera H, Vigneswaran S. Ozonation/adsorption hybrid treatment system for improved removal of natural organic matter and organic micropollutants from water - A mini review and future perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:133961. [PMID: 35157882 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of natural organic matter (NOM) and organic micropollutants (OMPs) can contaminate the quality of drinking water, and current water treatment technologies are not always successful in removing all their constituents. Ozonation and adsorption are two advanced processes with different removal mechanisms used to treat NOM and OMPs. Their treatment efficiency depends on the strength and kinetics of adsorption and ozonation (ozone molecule and OH radical (OH•) reaction) of the individual NOM constituents and OMPs. They are individually able to remove many of the NOM fractions and OMPs but not satisfactory in removing the vast array of their components which differ in their physico-chemical characteristics, for example molecular weight, charge, functional groups, aromaticity, and hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity. Significant progress has been made by integrating these processes (ozonation followed by activated carbon (AC) adsorption) but they need further improvement to efficiently target all NOM fractions and the various OMPs. Ozonation transforms the larger NOM molecules into smaller molecular sizes with lower aromaticity and hydrophobicity, subsequently resulting in reduced adsorption. The reduced adsorption of these molecules diminishes their competition against OMP adsorption resulting in increased OMP removal. Adsorption can remove unoxidized pollutants as well as the by-products of ozonation, and some of them are suspected to be human carcinogens. Of the commonly used adsorbents, anion exchange resin and AC, the former has higher affinity towards negatively charged humic fraction and OMPs. Conversely, the latter has higher affinity towards the hydrophobic constituents and smaller sized constituents which diffuse into AC pores and get adsorbed. Biofilm formed by long-term use of AC also contributes to enhanced removal of NOM and OMPs. This paper briefly reviews the currently available literature on removing NOM and OMPs by the ozonation/adsorption integrated process. It also suggests a new method for further increasing the efficiency of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paripurnanda Loganathan
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2127, Australia.
| | - Jaya Kandasamy
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2127, Australia.
| | - Shahzad Jamil
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2127, Australia.
| | - Harsha Ratnaweera
- Faculty of Sciences & Technology (RealTek), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box N-1432, Ås, Norway.
| | - Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2127, Australia; Faculty of Sciences & Technology (RealTek), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box N-1432, Ås, Norway.
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7
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Thuile Bistarelli L, Poyntner C, Santín C, Doerr SH, Talluto MV, Singer G, Sigmund G. Wildfire-Derived Pyrogenic Carbon Modulates Riverine Organic Matter and Biofilm Enzyme Activities in an In Situ Flume Experiment. ACS ES&T WATER 2021; 1:1648-1656. [PMID: 34278381 PMCID: PMC8276270 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.1c00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires produce large amounts of pyrogenic carbon (PyC), including charcoal, known for its chemical recalcitrance and sorption affinity for organic molecules. Wildfire-derived PyC can be transported to fluvial networks. Here it may alter the dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration and composition as well as microbial biofilm functioning. Effects of PyC on carbon cycling in freshwater ecosystems remain poorly investigated. Employing in-stream flumes with a control versus treatment design (PyC pulse addition), we present evidence that field-aged PyC inputs to rivers can increase the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and alter the DOM composition. DOM fluorescence components were not affected by PyC. The in-stream DOM composition was altered due to leaching of pyrogenic DOM from PyC and possibly concurrent sorption of riverine DOM to PyC. Decreased DOM aromaticity indicated by a lower SUVA245 (-0.31 unit) and a higher pH (0.25 unit) was associated with changes in enzymatic activities in benthic biofilms, including a lower recalcitrance index (β-glucosidase/phenol oxidase), suggesting preferential usage of recalcitrant over readily available DOM by biofilms. The deposition of particulate PyC onto biofilms may further modulate the impacts of PyC due to direct contact with the biofilm matrix. This study highlights the importance of PyC for in-stream biogeochemical organic matter cycling in fire-affected watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Poyntner
- Institute
of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cristina Santín
- Research
Unit of Biodiversity, Spanish National Research
Council (CSIC), E-33600 Mieres, Spain
- Department
of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K.
| | - Stefan Helmut Doerr
- Department
of Geography, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K.
| | - Matthew V. Talluto
- Institute
of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriel Singer
- Institute
of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriel Sigmund
- Department
of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental
Systems Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Wien, Austria
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