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Gao PP, Liu HQ, Ye ZW, Zheng QW, Zou Y, Wei T, Guo LQ, Lin JF. The beneficial potential of protein hydrolysates as prebiotic for probiotics and its biological activity: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37811651 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2260467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are not only a food supplement, but they have shown great potential in their nutritional, health and therapeutic effects. To maximize the beneficial effects of probiotics, it is commonly achieved by adding prebiotics. Prebiotics primarily comprise indigestible carbohydrates, specific peptides, proteins, and lipids, with oligosaccharides being the most extensively studied prebiotics. However, these rapidly fermenting oligosaccharides have many drawbacks and can cause diarrhea and flatulence in the body. Hence, the exploration of new prebiotic is of great interest. Besides oligosaccharides, protein hydrolysates have been demonstrated to enhance the expression of beneficial properties of probiotics. Consequently, this paper outlines the mechanism underlying the action of protein hydrolysates on probiotics, as well as the advantageous impacts of proteins hydrolysates derived from various food sources on probiotics. In addition, this paper also reviews the currently reported biological activities of protein hydrolysates. The aim is a theoretical basis for the development and implementation of novel prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ping Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou City, China
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Han-Qing Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou City, China
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Ye
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou City, China
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Qian-Wang Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou City, China
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Yuan Zou
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou City, China
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou City, China
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Li-Qiong Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou City, China
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Jun-Fang Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou City, China
- Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, China
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In Vitro Evaluation of Brown Seaweed Laminaria spp. as a Source of Antibacterial and Prebiotic Extracts That Could Modulate the Gastrointestinal Microbiota of Weaned Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050823. [PMID: 36899679 PMCID: PMC10000092 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminaria spp. and their extracts have preventative potential as dietary supplements during weaning in pigs. The first objective of this study was to evaluate increasing concentrations of four whole seaweed biomass samples from two different Laminaria species harvested in two different months in a weaned pig faecal batch fermentation assay. Particularly, February and November whole seaweed biomass samples of L. hyperborea (LHWB-F and LHWB-N) and L. digitata (LDWB-F and LDWB-N) were used. In the next part of the study, the increasing concentrations of four extracts produced from L. hyperborea (LHE1-4) and L. digitata (LDE1-4) were evaluated in individual pure-culture growth assays using a panel of beneficial and pathogenic bacterial strains (second objective). The LHE1-4 and LDE1-4 were obtained using different combinations of temperature, incubation time and volume of solvent within a hydrothermal-assisted extraction methodology (E1-4). In the batch fermentation assay, the L. hyperborea biomass samples, LHWB-F and LHWB-N, lowered Bifidobacterium spp. counts compared to the L. digitata biomass samples, LDWB-F and LDWB-N (p < 0.05). LHWB-F and LDWB-N reduced Enterobacteriaceae counts (p < 0.05). LHWB-F and LDWB-F were selected as the most and least promising sources of antibacterial extracts from which to produce LHE1-4 and LDE1-4. In the pure-culture growth assays, E1- and E4-produced extracts were predominantly associated with antibacterial and bifidogenic activities, respectively. LHE1 reduced both Salmonella Typhimurium and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli with LDE1 having a similar effect on both of these pathogenic strains, albeit to a lesser extent (p < 0.05). Both LHE1 and LDE1 reduced B. thermophilum counts (p < 0.05). LDE4 exhibited strong bifidogenic activity (p < 0.05), whereas LHE4 increased Bifidobacterium thermophilum and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum counts (p < 0.05). In conclusion, antibacterial and bifidogenic extracts of Laminaria spp. were identified in vitro with the potential to alleviate gastrointestinal dysbiosis in newly weaned pigs.
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Maternal supplementation with a casein hydrolysate and yeast beta-glucan from late gestation through lactation improves gastrointestinal health of piglets at weaning. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17407. [PMID: 36258027 PMCID: PMC9579169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving maternal nutrition during pregnancy/lactation is a promising strategy to maximise the intestinal health of piglets undergoing abrupt weaning under commercial production conditions. This experiment investigated the effects of maternal supplementation of a casein hydrolysate and yeast β-glucan (CH-YBG) from day 83 of gestation until weaning (day 28) on sow faecal microbial populations and measures of piglet gastrointestinal health parameters at weaning. Sows (n = 10 sows/group) were assigned to: (1) control diet, and (2) control diet + CH-YBG. Maternal supplementation increased the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes, including members Lactobacillus in the sows faeces, with a concomitant increase in the caecal abundance of Lactobacillus in the weaned piglets compared to the controls. Piglets weaned from the supplemented sows had increased villus height in the duodenum (P < 0.05) and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum, as well as a decreased expression of the proinflammatory cytokine genes (IL6/TNF/TGFB), the tight junction gene CLDN3 and the mucin gene MUC2 in the duodenum/jejunum compared to the controls (P < 0.05). In conclusion, maternal CH-YBG supplementation during pregnancy/lactation improved microbial, structural, and inflammatory measures of gastrointestinal health of piglets at weaning. This is a promising strategy to alleviate the challenges that occur with early abrupt weaning in commercial pig production.
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Nissen L, Aniballi C, Casciano F, Elmi A, Ventrella D, Zannoni A, Gianotti A, Bacci ML. Maternal amoxicillin affects piglets colon microbiota: microbial ecology and metabolomics in a gut model. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7595-7614. [PMID: 36239764 PMCID: PMC9666337 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The first weeks of life represent a crucial stage for microbial colonization of the piglets’ gastrointestinal tract. Newborns’ microbiota is unstable and easily subject to changes under stimuli or insults. Nonetheless, the administration of antibiotics to the sow is still considered as common practice in intensive farming for pathological conditions in the postpartum. Therefore, transfer of antibiotic residues through milk may occurs, affecting the piglets’ colon microbiota. In this study, we aimed to extend the knowledge on antibiotic transfer through milk, employing an in vitro dedicated piglet colon model (MICODE—Multi Unit In vitro Colon Model). The authors’ focus was set on the shifts of the piglets’ microbiota composition microbiomics (16S r-DNA MiSeq and qPCR—quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and on the production of microbial metabolites (SPME GC/MS—solid phase micro-extraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) in response to milk with different concentrations of amoxicillin. The results showed an effective influence of amoxicillin in piglets’ microbiota and metabolites production; however, without altering the overall biodiversity. The scenario is that of a limitation of pathogens and opportunistic taxa, e.g., Staphylococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, but also a limitation of commensal dominant Lactobacillaceae, a reduction in commensal Ruminococcaceae and a depletion in beneficial Bifidobactericeae. Lastly, an incremental growth of resistant species, such as Enterococcaceae or Clostridiaceae, was observed. To the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first evaluating the impact of antibiotic residues towards the piglets’ colon microbiota in an in vitro model, opening the way to include such approach in a pipeline of experiments where a reduced number of animals for testing is employed. Key points • Piglet colon model to study antibiotic transfer through milk. • MICODE resulted a robust and versatile in vitro gut model. • Towards the “3Rs” Principles to replace, reduce and refine the use of animals used for scientific purposes (Directive 2010/63/UE). Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-022-12223-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Nissen
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna: Universita Di Bologna, P.za Goidanich 60, 47521, Cesena, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre of Agri-Food Industrial Research (CIRI-AGRO), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna: Universita Di Bologna, Via Q. Bucci 336, 47521, Cesena, Italy
| | - Camilla Aniballi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna: Universita Di Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Flavia Casciano
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna: Universita Di Bologna, P.za Goidanich 60, 47521, Cesena, Italy
| | - Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna: Universita Di Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna: Universita Di Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | - Augusta Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna: Universita Di Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.,Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna: Universita Di Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Gianotti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna: Universita Di Bologna, P.za Goidanich 60, 47521, Cesena, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre of Agri-Food Industrial Research (CIRI-AGRO), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna: Universita Di Bologna, Via Q. Bucci 336, 47521, Cesena, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna: Universita Di Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.,Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna: Universita Di Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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Lin B, Huang G. An important polysaccharide from fermentum. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100388. [PMID: 36211774 PMCID: PMC9532711 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraction, structure and modification of polysaccharides from fermentum were summarized. Structure-activity relationship and application of polysaccharides from fermentum were reviewed. It provided a strong basis for the development and application of polysaccharides from fermentum.
Fermentum is a common unicellular fungus with many biological activities attributed to β-polysaccharides. Different in vivo and in vivo experimental studies have long proven that fermentum β-polysaccharides have antioxidant, anti-tumor, and fungal toxin adsorption properties. However, there are many uncertainties regarding the relationship between the structure and biological activity of fermentum β-polysaccharides, and a systematic summary of fermentum β-polysaccharides is still lacking. Herein, we reviewed the research progress about the extraction, structure and modification, structure–activity relationship, activity and application of fermentum β-polysaccharides, compared the extraction methods of fermentum β-polysaccharide, and paid special attention to the structure–activity relationship and application of fermentum β-polysaccharide, which provided a strong basis for the development and application of fermentum β-polysaccharide.
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Conway E, O’Doherty JV, Mukhopadhya A, Dowley A, Vigors S, Maher S, Ryan MT, Sweeney T. Maternal and/or direct supplementation with a combination of a casein hydrolysate and yeast β-glucan on post-weaning performance and intestinal health in the pig. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265051. [PMID: 35839254 PMCID: PMC9286230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of maternal supplementation from day 83 of gestation and/or direct supplementation from weaning of a bovine casein hydrolysate plus a yeast β-glucan (CH-YBG) on pig performance and intestinal health on day ten post-weaning. Twenty cross bred gilts (Large White × Landrace) were randomly assigned to one of two dietary groups (n = 10 gilts/group): basal diet (basal sows) and basal diet supplemented with CH-YBG (supplemented sows) from day 83 of gestation until weaning (2g/sow/day). At weaning, 120 pigs (6 pigs/sow) were selected. The two dam groups were further divided, resulting in four experimental groups (10 replicates/group; 3 pigs/pen) as follows: 1) BB (basal sows + basal pigs); 2) BS (basal sows + supplemented pigs); 3) SB (supplemented sows + basal pigs); 4) SS (supplemented sows + supplemented pigs). Supplemented pigs were offered 0.5g CH-YBG/kg of feed for 10 days post-weaning. On day 10 post-weaning, 1 pig/pen was humanely sacrificed and samples were taken from the gastrointestinal tract for analysis. Pigs weaned from supplemented sows (SS, SB) had reduced faecal scores and incidence of diarrhoea (P<0.05) compared to pigs weaned from basal sows (BB, BS), with SS pigs not displaying the transient rise in faecal scores seen in the other three groups from day 3 to day 10 post-weaning (P<0.05). Pigs weaned from supplemented sows had reduced feed intake (P<0.05), improved feed efficiency (P<0.05), increased butyrate concentrations (P<0.05), increased abundance of Lactobacillus (P<0.05) and decreased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Campylobacteraceae (P<0.05) compared to pigs weaned from basal sows. In conclusion, maternal supplementation increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Campylobacteraceae while also increasing butyrate concentrations. The combination of maternal and direct supplementation led to pigs having the lowest faecal scores compared to all other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eadaoin Conway
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John V. O’Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anindya Mukhopadhya
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alison Dowley
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stafford Vigors
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shane Maher
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marion T. Ryan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Torres Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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Yu C, Hu X, Ahmadi S, Wu D, Xiao H, Zhang H, Ding T, Liu D, Ye X, Chen S, Chen J. Structure and In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics of Polysaccharides Sequentially Extracted from Goji Berry ( Lycium barbarum) Leaves. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7535-7546. [PMID: 35549264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the chelating agent-soluble fraction (CA), sodium carbonate-soluble fraction (SC), and sodium hydroxide-soluble fraction (SH) were sequentially extracted from the cell wall of goji berry (Lycium barbarum) leaves. Furthermore, SC was purified with Q-Sepharose fast flow resin to obtain the neutral sugar fraction (SC-I) and acid sugar fraction (SC-II). Physicochemical properties of polysaccharides were characterized by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometry detection, size exclusion chromatography-multi-angle laser light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and atomic force microscopy analysis. Additionally, the impact of polysaccharides on modulating human gut microbiota was investigated by in vitro fermentation. A high amount of galacturonic acid (GalA) in CA showed that it was an aggregation of linear homogalacturonan. SC was the main pectic polysaccharide fraction and rich in neutral sugars. SC-I was the neutral sugar fraction with an extremely high molecular weight (2.055 × 106 Da), while SC-II was the acid sugar fraction with a low molecular weight (1.766 × 105 Da). SH seemed like a mixture of pectin and hemicellulose. All the five polysaccharides significantly (P < 0.05) increased the abundance of Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, and Lactobacilli. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the structure and fermentation characteristics of goji berry leaf polysaccharides, which is meaningful to provide a structural basis for further bioactivity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiao Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xinxin Hu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Shokouh Ahmadi
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory for Food Microbial-Applications Technology and Safety Control, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Tian Ding
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450007, China
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450007, China
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Jianle Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450007, China
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi 276000, China
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Venardou B, O'Doherty JV, Maher S, Ryan MT, Gath V, Ravindran R, Kiely C, Rajauria G, Garcia-Vaquero M, Sweeney T. Potential of a fucoidan-rich Ascophyllum nodosum extract to reduce Salmonella shedding and improve gastrointestinal health in weaned pigs naturally infected with Salmonella. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:39. [PMID: 35369884 PMCID: PMC8978420 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00685-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary supplementation with a fucoidan-rich Ascophyllum nodosum extract (ANE), possessing an in vitro anti-Salmonella Typhimurium activity could be a promising on-farm strategy to control Salmonella infection in pigs. The objectives of this study were to: 1) evaluate the anti-S. Typhimurium activity of ANE (containing 46.6% fucoidan, 18.6% laminarin, 10.7% mannitol, 4.6% alginate) in vitro, and; 2) compare the effects of dietary supplementation with ANE and Zinc oxide (ZnO) on growth performance, Salmonella shedding and selected gut parameters in naturally infected pigs. This was established post-weaning (newly weaned pig experiment) and following regrouping of post-weaned pigs and experimental re-infection with S. Typhimurium (challenge experiment). RESULTS In the in vitro assay, increasing ANE concentrations led to a linear reduction in S. Typhimurium counts (P < 0.05). In the newly weaned pig experiment (12 replicates/treatment), high ANE supplementation increased gain to feed ratio, similar to ZnO supplementation, and reduced faecal Salmonella counts on d 21 compared to the low ANE and control groups (P < 0.05). The challenge experiment included thirty-six pigs from the previous experiment that remained on their original dietary treatments (control and high ANE groups with the latter being renamed to ANE group) apart from the ZnO group which transitioned onto a control diet on d 21 (ZnO-residual group). These dietary treatments had no effect on performance, faecal scores, Salmonella shedding or colonic and caecal Salmonella counts (P > 0.05). ANE supplementation decreased the Enterobacteriaceae counts compared to the control. Enterobacteriaceae counts were also reduced in the ZnO-residual group compared to the control (P < 0.05). ANE supplementation decreased the expression of interleukin 22 and transforming growth factor beta 1 in the ileum compared to the control (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS ANE supplementation was associated with some beneficial changes in the composition of the colonic microbiota, Salmonella shedding, and the expression of inflammatory genes associated with persistent Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigkita Venardou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - John V O'Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Shane Maher
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Marion T Ryan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Vivian Gath
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rajeev Ravindran
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Claire Kiely
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gaurav Rajauria
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Marco Garcia-Vaquero
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Torres Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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9
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Venardou B, O’Doherty JV, Garcia-Vaquero M, Kiely C, Rajauria G, McDonnell MJ, Ryan MT, Sweeney T. Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Prebiotic Potential of Ascophyllum nodosum and Its Extracts Using Selected Bacterial Members of the Pig Gastrointestinal Microbiota. Mar Drugs 2021; 20:41. [PMID: 35049896 PMCID: PMC8778111 DOI: 10.3390/md20010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascophyllum nodosum and its extracts are promising antibacterial and prebiotic dietary supplements for pigs. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of the increasing concentrations of: (1) two whole biomass samples of A. nodosum with different harvest seasons, February (ANWB-F) and November (ANWB-N), in a weaned pig faecal batch fermentation assay, and (2) A. nodosum extracts produced using four different extraction conditions of a hydrothermal-assisted extraction methodology (ANE1-4) and conventional extraction methods with water (ANWE) and ethanol (ANEE) as solvent in individual pure culture growth assays using a panel of beneficial and pathogenic bacterial strains. In the batch fermentation assay, ANWB-F reduced Bifidobacterium spp. counts (p < 0.05) while ANWB-N increased total bacterial counts and reduced Bifidobacterium spp. and Enterobacteriaceae counts (p < 0.05). Of the ANE1-4, produced from ANWB-F, ANWE and ANEE that were evaluated in the pure culture growth assays, the most interesting extracts were the ANE1 that reduced Salmonella Typhimurium, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and B. thermophilum counts and the ANE4 that stimulated B. thermophilum growth (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the extraction method and conditions influenced the bioactivities of the A. nodosum extracts with ANE1 and ANE4 exhibiting distinct antibacterial and prebiotic properties in vitro, respectively, that merit further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigkita Venardou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland; (B.V.); (M.T.R.)
| | - John V. O’Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland; (J.V.O.); (M.G.-V.); (C.K.); (G.R.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Marco Garcia-Vaquero
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland; (J.V.O.); (M.G.-V.); (C.K.); (G.R.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Claire Kiely
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland; (J.V.O.); (M.G.-V.); (C.K.); (G.R.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Gaurav Rajauria
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland; (J.V.O.); (M.G.-V.); (C.K.); (G.R.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Mary J. McDonnell
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland; (J.V.O.); (M.G.-V.); (C.K.); (G.R.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Marion T. Ryan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland; (B.V.); (M.T.R.)
| | - Torres Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland; (B.V.); (M.T.R.)
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Venardou B, O'Doherty JV, Vigors S, O'Shea CJ, Burton EJ, Ryan MT, Sweeney T. Effects of dietary supplementation with a laminarin-rich extract on the growth performance and gastrointestinal health in broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101179. [PMID: 34098504 PMCID: PMC8187820 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Restriction in antimicrobial use in broiler chicken production is driving the exploration of alternative feed additives that will support growth through the promotion of gastrointestinal health and development. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary inclusion of laminarin on growth performance, the expression of nutrient transporters, markers of inflammation and intestinal integrity in the small intestine and composition of the caecal microbiota in broiler chickens. Two-hundred-and-forty day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks (40.64 (3.43 SD) g) were randomly assigned to: (T1) basal diet (control); (T2) basal diet + 150 ppm laminarin; (T3) basal diet + 300 ppm laminarin (5 bird/pen; 16 pens/treatment). The basal diet was supplemented with a laminarin-rich Laminaria spp. extract (65% laminarin) to achieve the two laminarin inclusion levels (150 and 300 ppm). Chick weights and feed intake was recorded weekly. After 35 days of supplementation, one bird per pen from the control and best performing (300 ppm) laminarin groups were euthanized. Duodenal, jejunal and ileal tissues were collected for gene expression analysis. Caecal digesta was collected for microbiota analysis (high-throughput sequencing and QPCR). Dietary supplementation with 300 ppm laminarin increased both final body weight (2033 vs. 1906 ± 30.4, P < 0.05) and average daily gain (62.3 vs. 58.2 ± 0.95, P < 0.05) compared to the control group and average daily feed intake (114.1 vs. 106.0 and 104.5 ± 1.77, P < 0.05) compared to all other groups. Laminarin supplementation at 300 ppm increased the relative and absolute abundance of Bifidobacterium (P < 0.05) in the caecum. Laminarin supplementation increased the expression of interleukin 17A (IL17A) in the duodenum, claudin 1 (CLDN1) and toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in the jejunum and IL17A, CLDN1 and SLC15A1/peptide transporter 1 (SLC15A1/PepT1) in the ileum (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with laminarin is a promising dietary strategy to enhance growth performance and 300 ppm was the optimal inclusion level with which to promote a beneficial profile of the gastrointestinal microbiota in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Venardou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - J V O'Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - S Vigors
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - C J O'Shea
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - E J Burton
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Southwell, NG25 0QF, United Kingdom
| | - M T Ryan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - T Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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