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Belay Y, Muller A, Mokoena FS, Adeyinka AS, Motadi LR, Oyebamiji AK. 1,2,3-triazole and chiral Schiff base hybrids as potential anticancer agents: DFT, molecular docking and ADME studies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6951. [PMID: 38521876 PMCID: PMC10960833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 1,2,3-triazole and chiral Schiff base hybrids 2-6 were synthesized by Schiff base condensation reaction from pre-prepared parent component of the hybrids (1,2,3-triazole 1) and series of primary chiral amines and their chemical structure were confirmed using NMR and FTIR spectroscopies, and CHN elemental analysis. Compounds 1-6 were evaluated for their anticancer activity against two cancer PC3 (prostate) and A375 (skin) and MRC-5 (healthy) cell lines by Almar Blue assay method. The compounds exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the tested cancer cell lines. Among the tested compounds 3 and 6 showed very good activity for the inhibition of the cancer cell lines and low toxicity for the healthy cell lines. All the compounds exhibited high binding affinity for Androgen receptor modulators (PDB ID: 5t8e) and Human MIA (PDB ID: 1i1j) inhibitors compared to the reference anticancer drug (cisplatin). Structure activity relationships (SARs) of the tested compounds is in good agreement with DFT and molecular docking studies. The compounds exhibited desirable physicochemical properties for drug likeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Belay
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa.
| | - Alfred Muller
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Fanikie S Mokoena
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Adedapo S Adeyinka
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Lesetja R Motadi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Abel K Oyebamiji
- Industrial Chemistry Programme, Bowen University, PMB 284, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria
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2
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Kumar S, Ali I, Abbas F, Rana A, Pandey S, Garg M, Kumar D. In-silico design, pharmacophore-based screening, and molecular docking studies reveal that benzimidazole-1,2,3-triazole hybrids as novel EGFR inhibitors targeting lung cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-23. [PMID: 37646177 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2252496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease, which has been associated with various molecular alterations, including the overexpression and mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In this study, designed a library of 1843 benzimidazole-1,2,3-triazole hybrids and carried out pharmacophore-based screening to identify potential EGFR inhibitors. The 164 compounds were further evaluated using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to understand the binding interactions between the compounds and the receptor. In-si-lico ADME and toxicity studies were also conducted to assess the drug-likeness and safety of the identified compounds. The results of this study indicate that benzimidazole-1,2,3-triazole hybrids BENZI-0660, BENZI-0125, BENZI-0279, BENZI-0415, BENZI-0437, and BENZI-1110 exhibit dock scores of -9.7, -9.6, -9.6, -9.6, -9.6, -9.6 while referencing molecule -7.9 kcal/mol for EGFR (PDB ID: 4HJO), respectively. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the identified compounds formed stable interactions with the active site of EGFR, indicating their potential as inhibitors. The in-silico ADME and toxicity studies showed that the compounds had favorable drug-likeness properties and low toxicity, further supporting their potential as therapeutic agents. Finally, performed DFT studies on the best-selected ligands to gain further insights into their electronic properties. The findings of this study provide important insights into the potential of benzimidazole-1,2,3-triazole hybrids as promising EGFR inhibitors for the treatment of lung cancer. This research opens up a new avenue for the discovery and development of potent and selective EGFR inhibitors for the treatment of lung cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Iqra Ali
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faheem Abbas
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Anurag Rana
- Yogananda School of Artificial Intelligence, Computers, and Data Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Sadanand Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
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3
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Marinescu M. Benzimidazole-Triazole Hybrids as Antimicrobial and Antiviral Agents: A Systematic Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1220. [PMID: 37508316 PMCID: PMC10376251 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections have attracted the attention of researchers in recent decades, especially due to the special problems they have faced, such as their increasing diversity and resistance to antibiotic treatment. The emergence and development of the SARS-CoV-2 infection stimulated even more research to find new structures with antimicrobial and antiviral properties. Among the heterocyclic compounds with remarkable therapeutic properties, benzimidazoles, and triazoles stand out, possessing antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, anti-Alzheimer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidiabetic, or anti-ulcer activities. In addition, the literature of the last decade reports benzimidazole-triazole hybrids with improved biological properties compared to the properties of simple mono-heterocyclic compounds. This review aims to provide an update on the synthesis methods of these hybrids, along with their antimicrobial and antiviral activities, as well as the structure-activity relationship reported in the literature. It was found that the presence of certain groups grafted onto the benzimidazole and/or triazole nuclei (-F, -Cl, -Br, -CF3, -NO2, -CN, -CHO, -OH, OCH3, COOCH3), as well as the presence of some heterocycles (pyridine, pyrimidine, thiazole, indole, isoxazole, thiadiazole, coumarin) increases the antimicrobial activity of benzimidazole-triazole hybrids. Also, the presence of the oxygen or sulfur atom in the bridge connecting the benzimidazole and triazole rings generally increases the antimicrobial activity of the hybrids. The literature mentions only benzimidazole-1,2,3-triazole hybrids with antiviral properties. Both for antimicrobial and antiviral hybrids, the presence of an additional triazole ring increases their biological activity, which is in agreement with the three-dimensional binding mode of compounds. This review summarizes the advances of benzimidazole triazole derivatives as potential antimicrobial and antiviral agents covering articles published from 2000 to 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marinescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
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4
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Soda AK, Chinthapally KP, C S PK, Chilaka SK, Madabhushi S. Lewis acid catalyzed spiro annulation of ( Z)-3-amino-acrylates with 2-amino arylbenzamides: one-pot synthesis of pyrrole-quinazoline hybrids. RSC Adv 2023; 13:15001-15005. [PMID: 37200694 PMCID: PMC10187044 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02639f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The one-pot domino reaction of ethyl (Z)-3-amino-3-phenylacrylates with 2-amino-N-alkyl/arylbenzamides under Lewis acid catalysis was described as an effective way to construct novel spiro [pyrrole-3,2'-quinazoline] carboxylate derivatives. By combining substituted alkyl/aryl amides with spiro annulated 1H-pyrrole-2,3-diones, this method provides a novel way for producing spiro pyrrole derivatives in good to excellent yields. The current procedure has a number of benefits, including quicker reaction times, a broad tolerance range for functional groups, and the ability to synthesize 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones that are of biological importance and take part in organic transformations. This is the first use of molecular hybridization involving linking with pyrrole derivatives and dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Soda
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad-500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
| | | | - Phani Krishna C S
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad-500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
| | - Sai Krishna Chilaka
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad-500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
| | - Sridhar Madabhushi
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad-500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
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5
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Wu W, Hu X, Zeng Z, Wu D, Li H, Li H. Characterization of the Binding Properties of Sorafenib to c-MYC G-Quadruplexes: Evidence for Screening Potential Ligands. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:874-883. [PMID: 36656764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sorafenib (Sor) is a multitarget kinase inhibitor used clinically to treat hepatocellular carcinoma and renal cancer. In this study, the interaction mechanism of Sor with c-MYC G-quadruplexes (G4) was investigated at the molecular level by computer-aided means and experiments. Molecular docking results predicted the binding of Sor to the groove of G4. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to evaluate the effect of ligand binding to G4. Ultraviolet (UV), fluorescence spectroscopy, and viscosity experiments showed that the binding site was in the groove. The UV and fluorescence titration results showed that compared with traditional G4 ligands represented by compound meso-tetra (N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphine (TmPyP4), Sor has a lower affinity for G4. Likewise, results from fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments suggested that Sor could have a limited ability to stabilize G4, but it was not as prominent as that of TmPyP4. Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy again supported the results from steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy, indicating that a static quenching mechanism mainly drove the process. Studying the interaction mechanism of Sor and c-MYC may inspire the screening of new, selective c-MYC G4 ligands and provide ideas for the design of drugs with good stability, low toxicity, and specific targeting of G4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wu
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu610106, China
| | - Xia Hu
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu610106, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu610106, China
| | - Di Wu
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu610106, China.,Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu610106, China
| | - Hanmei Li
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu610106, China.,Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu610106, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, China
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6
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Roy S, Muniyappa K, Bhattacharya S. Deciphering the Binding Insights of Novel Disubstituted Anthraquinone Derivatives with G-Quadruplex DNA to Exhibit Selective Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200436. [PMID: 36161519 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthraquinone-based compounds are well-known as duplex DNA as well as G-quadruplex DNA binders. Implications of various anthraquinone derivatives for specific recognition of G-quadruplex DNA over duplex DNA is a 'challenging' research work that requires adequate experience with molecular design. To address this important issue, we designed and synthesized ten new 2,6-disubstituted anthraquinone-based derivatives with different functionalized piperazinyl side-chains. Among these, particular compounds with certain distant groups have shown selective and significant binding affinities toward the c-MYC and c-KIT G-quadruplex DNA over the duplex DNA, as noticed from various biophysical experiments. The structural difference of quadruplex and duplex DNA was utilized to probe these derivatives for the end-stacking mode of binding with G-quadruplex DNA. The ability of the ligands to halt DNA synthesis by stabilizing G-quadruplex structures is one of the crucial points to further apply them for quadruplex-mediated anti-cancer therapeutics. Interestingly, these ligands trigger apoptosis to exhibit selective cytotoxicity toward cancer cells over normal cells. This was further evidenced by ligand-induced cell cycle arrest as well as cellular apoptotic morphological changes. These blood-compatible ligands provided detailed structure-activity relationship approaches for the molecular design of anthraquinone-based G-quadruplex binders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Roy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.,School of Applied & Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Kalappa Muniyappa
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.,School of Applied & Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, India
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7
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Basha NJ. Therapeutic Efficacy of Benzimidazole and Its Analogs: An Update. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2118334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Jeelan Basha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Academy Degree College-Autonomous Bengaluru, India
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8
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Alexander A, Pillai AS, Nallamuthu A, Pal H, Enoch IVMV, Sayed M. G-Quadruplex selectivity and cytotoxicity of a guanidine-encapsulated porphyrin-cyclodextrin conjugate. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:839-855. [PMID: 35905761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
G-Quadruplex DNAs represent out-of-the-way nucleic acid conformations, frequently formed by guanine-rich sequences. They have emanated as cancer-associated targets for designed small molecules. The variation in the binding affinity of the synthesized compounds to duplex and quadruplex structures is an intriguing quest, solved by spectroscopic analysis. In this paper, we report the synthesis of a porphyrin-cyclodextrin conjugate, characterized by utilizing FT-IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry. Further, two benzimidazolylguanidines are synthesized which form host: guest complexes with the porphyrin-cyclodextrin conjugate. The structure of the complexes is optimized by analyzing their 2D ROESY spectra. The interactions of the host, guest, and the host: guest complexes with the duplex (calf thymus DNA) and quadruplex (kit22) nucleic acids are investigated employing UV-vis, fluorescence, circular dichroism, and DNA melting experiments. The calculated strengths of the compounds' binding with kit22 are in the order of 106, which is larger than those observed for the duplex DNA binding. The significant G-quadruplex selectivity of the host: guest complex of anthracenyl-benzimidazolylguanidine is discussed in detail. Further, the in vitro cytotoxicity of the compounds on MCF-7 cell lines is examined. The host: guest complexes show enhanced half-maximal inhibitory concentration values compared to the un-complexed compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleyamma Alexander
- Centre for Nanoscience and Genomics, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed University), Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Archana Sumohan Pillai
- Centre for Nanoscience and Genomics, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed University), Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ananthi Nallamuthu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed University), Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Haridas Pal
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 00085, India
| | - Israel V M V Enoch
- Centre for Nanoscience and Genomics, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed University), Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mhejabeen Sayed
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 00085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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9
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Soda AK, Kurva S, Singh K, Veeragoni D, Misra S, Murahari M, Madabhushi S. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Hexafluoro Functionalized Quinolone Derivatives as Potential Chemotherapeutic Agents. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Soda
- Department of Fluoro-Agrochemicals CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Srinivas Kurva
- Department of Fluoro-Agrochemicals CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Kamini Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
- Applied Biology CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Dileepkumar Veeragoni
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
- Applied Biology CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Sunil Misra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
- Applied Biology CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Manikanta Murahari
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Division K L College of pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Sridhar Madabhushi
- Department of Fluoro-Agrochemicals CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
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10
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Soda AK, C S PK, Chilaka SK, E VK, Misra S, Madabhushi S. I 2/TBHP mediated domino synthesis of 2-(2,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydroquinazolin-3(2 H)-yl)- N-aryl/alkyl benzamides and evaluation of their anticancer and docking studies. RSC Adv 2022; 12:16589-16598. [PMID: 35754904 PMCID: PMC9169238 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02216h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel I2/TBHP mediated domino synthesis of 2-(2,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydroquinazolin-3(2H)-yl)-N-phenyl benzamides by reaction of isatins with o-amino N-aryl/alkyl benzamides was described. This was the first application of o-amino N-aryl/alkyl benzamides participating in oxidative rearrangement with isatins for synthesis of desired products. The synthesized compounds contained amide and quinazoline units and their combination resulted in molecular hybridization of two important pharmacophores. In this study, the synthesized compounds 3a-r were screened for cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines A549, DU145, B16-F10, and HepG2 and also non-cancerous cell line CHO-K1. The compounds 3c, 3l and 3o gave promising results. The in silico molecular docking studies (PDB ID 1N37) also validated the anticancer activity of these compounds showing good binding affinity with target DNA and by acting as DNA intercalators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Soda
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad-500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
| | - Phani Krishna C S
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad-500007 India
| | - Sai Krishna Chilaka
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad-500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
| | - Vamshi Krishna E
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad-500007 India
| | - Sunil Misra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad-500007 India
| | - Sridhar Madabhushi
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad-500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
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11
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Alam MM. 1,2,3-Triazole hybrids as anticancer agents: A review. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 355:e2100158. [PMID: 34559414 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advancements in the development of anticancer agents, more effective and safer anticancer drugs still need to be developed as the current agents cause unwanted side effects and many patients have become drug resistant. 1,2,3-Triazoles, due to their remarkable biological potential, have received considerable attention in drug discovery for the development of anticancer agents. The present review article presents an overview of the recent advances in 1,2,3-triazole hybrids with anticancer potential over the last 2 years, their chemical structures, structure-activity relationships, and mechanisms of action, as well as insights into the docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahboob Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Albaha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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