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Devoy J, Al-Abed S, Cerdan B, Cho WS, Dubuc D, Flahaut E, Grenier K, Grossmann S, Gulumian M, Jeong J, Kim BW, Laycock A, Lee JS, Smith R, Yang M, Yu IJ, Zhang M, Cosnier F. Analysis of carbon nanotube levels in organic matter: an inter-laboratory comparison to determine best practice. Nanotoxicology 2024; 18:214-228. [PMID: 38557361 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2024.2331683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are increasingly being used in industrial applications, but their toxicological data in animals and humans are still sparse. To assess the toxicological dose-response of CNTs and to evaluate their pulmonary biopersistence, their quantification in tissues, especially lungs, is crucial. There are currently no reference methods or reference materials for low levels of CNTs in organic matter. Among existing analytical methods, few have been fully and properly validated. To remedy this, we undertook an inter-laboratory comparison on samples of freeze-dried pig lung, ground and doped with CNTs. Eight laboratories were enrolled to analyze 3 types of CNTs at 2 concentration levels each in this organic matrix. Associated with the different analysis techniques used (specific to each laboratory), sample preparation may or may not have involved prior digestion of the matrix, depending on the analysis technique and the material being analyzed. Overall, even challenging, laboratories' ability to quantify CNT levels in organic matter is demonstrated. However, CNT quantification is often overestimated. Trueness analysis identified effective methods, but systematic errors persisted for some. Choosing the assigned value proved complex. Indirect analysis methods, despite added steps, outperform direct methods. The study emphasizes the need for reference materials, enhanced precision, and organized comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Devoy
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS), Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, CS, France
| | - Souhail Al-Abed
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin Cerdan
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- CIRIMAT, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse INP, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - David Dubuc
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- CIRIMAT, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse INP, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Katia Grenier
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Grossmann
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS), Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, CS, France
| | - Mary Gulumian
- National Institute for Occupational Health (NIOH), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jiyoung Jeong
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Boo Wook Kim
- Korea Worker's Compensation & Welfare Service, Occupational Environment Research Institute, Icheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Adam Laycock
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemicals and Environmental Hazards, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Jong Seong Lee
- Aerosol Toxicology Research Center, HCTM, Icheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Rachel Smith
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemicals and Environmental Hazards, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Mei Yang
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Il Je Yu
- Aerosol Toxicology Research Center, HCTM, Icheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Minfang Zhang
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Frédéric Cosnier
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS), Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, CS, France
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Jeong J, Jeon S, Kim S, Lee S, Kim G, Bae E, Ha Y, Lee SW, Kim JS, Kim DJ, Cho WS. Effect of sp 3/sp 2 carbon ratio and hydrodynamic size on the biodistribution kinetics of nanodiamonds in mice via intravenous injection. Part Fibre Toxicol 2023; 20:33. [PMID: 37605240 PMCID: PMC10440929 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanodiamonds (NDs) have gained a rapidly growing interest in biomedical applications; however, little is known regarding their biokinetics owing to difficulties in measurements and limited synthesis/purification technologies. In this study, we investigated the distribution kinetics of detonation-synthesized NDs in mice via intravenous injection to evaluate the parameters that determine the behavior of the particles. We prepared two distinctive NDs that controlled the sp3/sp2 carbon ratio and particle size by coating them with serum proteins. The four control samples were intravenously injected into mice, and tissue distribution and clearance were evaluated at 30 min and 1, 7, and 28 days post-injection. RESULTS The sp3/sp2 carbon ratio showed no correlation with the organ distribution of the NDs. However, hydrodynamic size showed an excellent correlation with organ distribution levels: a negative correlation in the liver and positive correlations in the spleen and lungs. Furthermore, the deposition levels of NDs in the lung suggest that particles smaller than 300 nm could avoid lung deposition. Finally, a similar organ distribution pattern was observed in mice injected with carbon black nanoparticles controlled hydrodynamic size. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the tissue distribution of NDs is modulated not by the sp3/sp2 carbon ratio but by the hydrodynamic size, which can provide helpful information for targeting the tissue of NDs. Furthermore, the organ distribution pattern of the NDs may not be specific to NDs but also can apply to other nanoparticles, such as carbon black.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Jeong
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeon
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Songyeon Kim
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinuk Lee
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuri Kim
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsol Bae
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjeong Ha
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Whan Lee
- Plasma Technology Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, Gunsan-si, 54004, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Primate Resources Center (PRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56216, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jae Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang M, Xu Y, Yang M, Yudasaka M, Okazaki T. Comparative assessments of the biodistribution and toxicity of oxidized single-walled carbon nanotubes dispersed with two different reagents after intravenous injection. Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:798-811. [PMID: 33944663 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1919778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study compared the effects of two commonly-used dispersants, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), on the biodistribution and toxicity of oxidized super-growth single-wall carbon nanotubes (oxSG) injected intravenously into mice over 3 months. About 1-2% of the injected dose (ID) of oxSG dispersed in BSA (oxSG-BSA) was present in the lungs at all time points. By contrast, about 15% of the ID of oxSG dispersed in PEG (oxSG-PEG) was present in the lungs at 1 day (D1), with accumulation decreasing to about 5% of the ID at 90 days (D90). About 70-80% of the IDs of both oxSG-BSA and oxSG-PEG were present in the liver at D1; by D90, about 15% of the IDs were cleared slowly (oxSG-BSA) or rapidly (oxSG-PEG). In the spleen, about 7% of the IDs of both oxSG-BSA and oxSG-PEG were present at all time points. The toxicities of oxSG-BSA and oxSG-PEG were comparable: no obvious signs of inflammation were observed on histological assessments of the lungs, liver, and spleen and on measurements of cytokine activity in blood plasma and tissue lysates. Concentrations of aspartate transaminase slightly increased at some time points in blood plasma, suggesting that oxSG-BSA and oxSG-PEG were slightly hepatoxic. Taken together, these results indicated that the dispersants had limited effect on the biodistribution and toxicity of oxSGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minfang Zhang
- National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ying Xu
- National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mei Yang
- National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masako Yudasaka
- National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.,Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiya Okazaki
- National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
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Mia MB, Saxena RK. Toxicity of poly-dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes on bone marrow derived Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Curr Res Toxicol 2021; 2:82-92. [PMID: 34345853 PMCID: PMC8320641 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study has explored the effect of acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (AF-SWCNTs) on Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell (HSPCs) in mouse bone marrow. Administration of AF-SWCNTs induced a significant decline in the live-cell recovery from bone marrow. Lin-negative Stem cell enriched HSPCs internalized AF-SWCNTs that remained localized in cytoplasmic areas. Incubation of HSPCs with AF-SWCNTs resulted in induction of cell death, inhibition of cell cycle, and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as the expression of Caspase 3, 7 and 9 enzymes. In vitro culture with a cytokine cocktail (SCF, GM-CSF, IL3, IL6, IL7) induced differentiation of HSPCs into lymphocytes and myeloid cells, that was inhibited in presence of AF-SWCNTs. Relative recoveries of lymphocytes specifically B lymphocytes, was significantly reduced by AF-SWCNT-treatment, whereas the relative recovery of myeloid cells remained unaltered. These results suggest that AF-SWCNTs have significant toxic effects on HSPCs and differentially suppress the ontogeny of lymphoid and myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Babu Mia
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Rajiv K. Saxena
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi 110021, India
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Lee DK, Jeon S, Jeong J, Song KS, Cho WS. Carbon nanomaterial-derived lung burden analysis using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and proteinase K digestion. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:43. [PMID: 32917232 PMCID: PMC7488454 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quantification of nanomaterials accumulated in various organs is crucial in studying their toxicity and toxicokinetics. However, some types of nanomaterials, including carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), are difficult to quantify in a biological matrix. Therefore, developing improved methodologies for quantification of CNMs in vital organs is instrumental in their continued modification and application. RESULTS In this study, carbon black, nanodiamond, multi-walled carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, and graphene nanoplatelet were assembled and used as a panel of CNMs. All CNMs showed significant absorbance at 750 nm, while their bio-components showed minimal absorbance at this wavelength. Quantification of CNMs using their absorbance at 750 nm was shown to have more than 94% accuracy in all of the studied materials. Incubating proteinase K (PK) for 2 days with a mixture of lung tissue homogenates and CNMs showed an average recovery rate over 90%. The utility of this method was confirmed in a murine pharyngeal aspiration model using CNMs at 30 μg/mouse. CONCLUSIONS We developed an improved lung burden assay for CNMs with an accuracy > 94% and a recovery rate > 90% using PK digestion and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. This method can be applied to any nanomaterial with sufficient absorbance in the near-infrared band and can differentiate nanomaterials from elements in the body, as well as the soluble fraction of the nanomaterial. Furthermore, a combination of PK digestion and other instrumental analysis specific to the nanomaterial can be applied to organ burden analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Keun Lee
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315 Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeon
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315 Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Jeong
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Seuk Song
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, 8, Gaetbeol-ro 145 beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu, 21999 Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315 Republic of Korea
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