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Lee Y, Yeo IS, Kim N, Lee DK, Kim KT, Yoon J, Yi J, Hong YB, Choi BO, Kosodo Y, Kim D, Park J, Song MR. Transcriptional control of motor pool formation and motor circuit connectivity by the LIM-HD protein Isl2. eLife 2023; 12:e84596. [PMID: 37869988 PMCID: PMC10637776 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The fidelity of motor control requires the precise positional arrangement of motor pools and the establishment of synaptic connections between them. During neural development in the spinal cord, motor nerves project to specific target muscles and receive proprioceptive input from these muscles via the sensorimotor circuit. LIM-homeodomain transcription factors are known to play a crucial role in successively restricting specific motor neuronal fates. However, their exact contribution to limb-based motor pools and locomotor circuits has not been fully understood. To address this, we conducted an investigation into the role of Isl2, a LIM-homeodomain transcription factor, in motor pool organization. We found that deletion of Isl2 led to the dispersion of motor pools, primarily affecting the median motor column (MMC) and lateral motor column (LMC) populations. Additionally, hindlimb motor pools lacked Etv4 expression, and we observed reduced terminal axon branching and disorganized neuromuscular junctions in Isl2-deficient mice. Furthermore, we performed transcriptomic analysis on the spinal cords of Isl2-deficient mice and identified a variety of downregulated genes associated with motor neuron (MN) differentiation, axon development, and synapse organization in hindlimb motor pools. As a consequence of these disruptions, sensorimotor connectivity and hindlimb locomotion were impaired in Isl2-deficient mice. Taken together, our findings highlight the critical role of Isl2 in organizing motor pool position and sensorimotor circuits in hindlimb motor pools. This research provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms governing motor control and its potential implications for understanding motor-related disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjeong Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Oryong-dong, Buk-guGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - In Seo Yeo
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Oryong-dong, Buk-guGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Namhee Kim
- Fermentation Regulation Technology Research Group, World Institute of KimchiGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Dong-Keun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Oryong-dong, Buk-guGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tai Kim
- Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of ToxicologyJeongeup-siRepublic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Yoon
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Oryong-dong, Buk-guGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jawoon Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Oryong-dong, Buk-guGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Young Bin Hong
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yoichi Kosodo
- Korea Brain Research InstituteDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Daesoo Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)DaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Jihwan Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Oryong-dong, Buk-guGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ryoung Song
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Oryong-dong, Buk-guGwangjuRepublic of Korea
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Lee SH, Won H, Kim SH, Jeon S, Jeong J, Lee DK, Yang JY, Seok JH, Jung K, Oh JH, Lee JH, Cho WS. Six-well plate-based colony-forming efficacy assay and Co-Culture application to assess toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 128:105085. [PMID: 34800565 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.105085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of a universal, label-free, and reliable in vitro toxicity testing method for nanoparticles is urgent because most nanoparticles can interfere with toxicity assays. In this regard, the colony-forming efficacy (CFE) assay has been suggested as a suitable in vitro toxicity assay for testing nanoparticles without such interference. Recently, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) developed a 60 × 15 mm Petri dish-based CFE assay for testing nanoparticles in MDCK-1 cells. However, further investigations are needed, including testing with other cell types, at a smaller scale for greater efficiency, and the application of the co-culture technique. In this study, we selected TiO2, CuO, CeO2, and SiO2 as test nanoparticles and successfully developed a 6-well plate-based CFE assay using HepG2 and A549 cells and a co-culture assay for combinations of HepG2 cells and THP-1 macrophages or A549 cells and THP-1 monocytes. The results suggest that the 6-wellplate-based CFE assay for HepG2 and A549 cells can be applied to nanoparticles, but the co-culture CFE assay has limitations in that it is not different from the single culture study, and it inhibits colony-formation by A549 cells in the presence of macrophages; this warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Han Lee
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Won
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeon
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Jeong
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Keun Lee
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Yang
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeun Seok
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Kikyung Jung
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Oh
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Lee
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea.
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Jeon S, Kim SH, Jeong J, Lee DK, Lee S, Kim S, Kim G, Maruthupandy M, Cho WS. ABCG1 and ABCG4 as key transporters in the development of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis by nanoparticles. J Hazard Mater 2021; 420:126595. [PMID: 34256330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) has been reported in rodents treated with nanoparticles (NPs). However, little is known about the type of NPs producing PAP and their toxicity mechanisms. Here, we assembled seven PAP-inducing NPs and TiO2 NPs as a negative control. At 1 and 6 months after a single intratracheal instillation in rats, pulmonary inflammation and the gene expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and related genes were evaluated in separated alveolar macrophages (AMs). One month after intratracheal instillation, seven NPs (Eu2O3, In2O3, Pr6O11, Sm2O3, Tb4O7, and NiO) caused PAP, but only In2O3 NPs caused persistent PAP at 6 months after treatment. The levels of phospholipids, indicators of PAP, showed good correlations with the gene expression profile of five transporters (ABCA1, ABCB4, ABCB8, ABCG1, and ABCG4), which effluxing phospholipids in AMs. Among them, ABCG1 and ABCG4 might be key transporters involved in PAP development because both showed a negative correlation with the magnitude of PAP, while others might be compensatory transporters for PAP recovery, as they showed a positive correlation. In conclusion, the identification of seven PAP-producing NPs implies that PAP may be an emerging occupational disease and that ABCG1 and ABCG4 may be therapeutic targets for PAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Jeon
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Jeong
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Keun Lee
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinuk Lee
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Songyeon Kim
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuri Kim
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Muchuchamy Maruthupandy
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
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Kim DS, Lee DK. Low-temperature catalytic aqueous phase oxidation of microcystin-LR with iron-doped TiO 2 pillared clay catalysts. Environ Technol 2021; 42:3546-3553. [PMID: 32100642 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1734097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
TiO2-PILCs and iron-doped TiO2-PILCs were employed in order to destroy toxic microcystin-LR in the presence of H2O2 under the UV light. While less than 5% of the initial microcystin-LR and TOC disappeared in 240 min with the TiO2-PILCs, almost complete conversion of microcystin-LR could be achieved in 180 min on the 10 wt% iron-doped TiO2-PILC-A. On the exterior surface of the iron-doped TiO2-PILCs were mainly located iron particles which had nano-sized diameter and Fe2+/Fe3+ cations together. Through Fenton-type oxidation on iron particles with H2O2, the big microcystin-LR molecules were converted primarily into smaller intermediate organic molecules of hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids and organic amines. The smaller intermediate molecules were believed to be diffused into the pores of the iron-doped TiO2-PILCs and to be further mineralized into CO2 and H2O through the action of photocatalysis on the TiO2 pillars. However, complete conversion of TOC could not be obtained due to the iron particle deactivation. XPS, TPO and TEM studies showed the continuous accumulation of carbonaceous materials onto the surface of iron particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dul-Sun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Korea
| | - Dong-Keun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Korea
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Jeon S, Lee DK, Jeong J, Yang SI, Kim JS, Kim J, Cho WS. The reactive oxygen species as pathogenic factors of fragmented microplastics to macrophages. Environ Pollut 2021; 281:117006. [PMID: 33812130 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of microplastics in the various food web raised concerns on human health, but little is known about the target cells and mechanism of toxicity of microplastics. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of microplastics using relevant cell lines to the oral route of exposure. Approximately 100 μm-sized fragment-type polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) particles were prepared by sieving after pulverization and further applied the accelerated weathering using ultraviolet and heat. Thus, the panel of microplastics includes fresh PP (f-PP), fresh PS (f-PS), weathered PP (w-PP), and weathered PS (w-PS). The spherical PS with a similar size was used as a reference particle. Treatment of all types of PP and PS did not show any toxic effects to the Caco-2 cells and HepG2 cells. However, the treatment of microplastics to THP-1 macrophages showed significant toxicity in the order of f-PS > f-PP > w-PS > w-PP. The weathering process significantly reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation potential of both microplastics because the weathered microplastics have an increased affinity to bind serum protein which acts as a ROS scavenger. The intrinsic ROS generation potential of microplastics showed a good correlation with the toxicity endpoints including cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory cytokines in THP-1 macrophages. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the target cell type of microplastics via oral administration can be macrophages and the pathogenic factor to THP-1 macrophages is the intrinsic ROS generation potential of microplastics. Nevertheless, the toxic effect of microplastics tested in this study was much less than that of nano-sized particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Jeon
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Keun Lee
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Jeong
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ik Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Primate Resources Center (PRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56216, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsik Kim
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, 8, Gaetbeol-ro 145 Beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea.
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Zumpf C, Cacho J, Grasse N, Quinn J, Hampton-Marcell J, Armstrong A, Campbell P, Negri MC, Lee DK. Influence of shrub willow buffers strategically integrated in an Illinois corn-soybean field on soil health and microbial community composition. Sci Total Environ 2021; 772:145674. [PMID: 33663956 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil serves many important ecological functions and is an integral part of our existence as a society. However, concerns for soil health are growing globally, in part due to the negative impacts of agricultural management on soil resources. The production of perennial bioenergy crops on marginal land in row-crop production systems is one solution that could improve land-use efficiency and address the sustainability of cropland management. Because the relationship between crop management and the environment is complex, more research is needed to evaluate the potential benefits perennial bioenergy crop production has on soil health, as well as other ecosystem services. In this study, shrub willow buffers were strategically integrated into a corn-soybean cropping system with the main objective of reducing nitrate-N leaching from grain crop production while producing biomass for bioenergy. Two buffer systems (defined by landscape positions) were included for comparison, one on marginal land with exposure to nitrate-N leaching from upslope grain (southern plots) and one on fertile soils with less nitrate-N leaching potential (northern plots). Evaluation of soil (chemistry, bulk density, microbial community) and shrub willow vegetation properties (fine roots, leaf litter decomposition, and nutrient uptake dynamics), showed that landscape position plays an important role in (1) the dynamics of soil chemical properties, (2) shrub willow's influence and productivity, and (3) the provision of additional ecosystem services such as reductions in nitrous oxide emissions and nitrate-N leaching. In addition, the combination of crop type and landscape position (N-grain, N-willow, S-grain, and S-willow) influenced the species composition of the soil microbial community, resulting in unique and identifiable communities. These results highlight the potential application of shrub willow buffers for ecosystem service provision and support of ecosystem processes; however, understanding the relationship between the microbial community, crop type, and landscape is important for understanding the sustainability of the design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Zumpf
- Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Jules Cacho
- Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Nora Grasse
- Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - John Quinn
- Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jarrad Hampton-Marcell
- Argonne National Laboratory, Bioscience Division, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Abigail Armstrong
- Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Patty Campbell
- Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - M Cristina Negri
- Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - D K Lee
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Crop Science Department, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL, USA
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Meyerov J, Louis M, Lee DK, Fletcher L, Banyasz D, Miles LF, Ma R, Tosif S, Koshy AN, Story DA, Bellomo R, Weinberg L. Associations between preoperative anaemia and hospital costs following major abdominal surgery: cohort study. BJS Open 2021; 5:6218127. [PMID: 33834189 PMCID: PMC8032965 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zraa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Determining the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of patient blood management programmes relies on quantifying the economic burden of preoperative anaemia. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the hospital costs attributable to preoperative anaemia in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Methods Patients who underwent major abdominal surgery between 2010 and 2018 were included. The association between preoperative patient haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and hospital costs was evaluated by curve estimation based on the least-square method. The in-hospital cost of index admission was calculated using an activity-based costing methodology. Multivariable regression analysis and propensity score matching were used to estimate the effects of Hb concentration on variables related directly to hospital costs. Results A total of 1286 patients were included. The median overall cost was US $18 476 (i.q.r.13 784–27 880), and 568 patients (44.2 per cent) had a Hb level below 13.0 g/dl. Patients with a preoperative Hb level below 9.0 g/dl had total hospital costs that were 50.6 (95 per cent c.i. 14.1 to 98.9) per cent higher than those for patients with a preoperative Hb level of 9.0–13.0 g/dl (P < 0.001), 72.5 (30.6 to 128.0) per cent higher than costs for patients with a Hb concentration of 13.1–15.0 g/dl (P < 0.001), and 62.4 (21.8 to 116.7) per cent higher than those for patients with a Hb level greater than 15.0 g/dl (P < 0.001). Multivariable general linear modelling showed that packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions were a principal cost driver in patients with a Hb concentration below 9.0 g/dl. Conclusion Patients with the lowest Hb concentration incurred the highest hospital costs, which were strongly associated with increased PRBC transfusions. Costs and possible complications may be decreased by treating preoperative anaemia, particularly more severe anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Meyerov
- Department of Anaesthesia, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Louis
- Department of Anaesthesia, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - D K Lee
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Guro-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - L Fletcher
- Department of Anaesthesia, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Banyasz
- Department of Anaesthesia, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - L F Miles
- Department of Anaesthesia, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Ma
- Business Intelligence Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Tosif
- Department of Anaesthesia, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - A N Koshy
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - D A Story
- Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Bellomo
- Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Intensive Care, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Data Analytics Research and Evaluation Centre, Austin Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Weinberg
- Department of Anaesthesia, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
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Shim JS, Park SH, Lee DK, Kim YS, Park SC, Redillas MCFR, Seo JS, Kim JK. The Rice GLYCINE-RICH PROTEIN 3 Confers Drought Tolerance by Regulating mRNA Stability of ROS Scavenging-Related Genes. Rice (N Y) 2021; 14:31. [PMID: 33742286 PMCID: PMC7979854 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant glycine-rich proteins are categorized into several classes based on their protein structures. The glycine-rich RNA binding proteins (GRPs) are members of class IV subfamily possessing N-terminus RNA-recognition motifs (RRMs) and proposed to be involved in post-transcriptional regulation of its target transcripts. GRPs are involved in developmental process and cellular stress responses, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these regulations are still elusive. RESULTS Here, we report the functional characterization of rice GLYCINE-RICH PROTEIN 3 (OsGRP3) and its physiological roles in drought stress response. Both drought stress and ABA induce the expression of OsGRP3. Transgenic plants overexpressing OsGRP3 (OsGRP3OE) exhibited tolerance while knock-down plants (OsGRP3KD) were susceptible to drought compared to the non-transgenic control. In vivo, subcellular localization analysis revealed that OsGRP3-GFP was transported from cytoplasm/nucleus into cytoplasmic foci following exposure to ABA and mannitol treatments. Comparative transcriptomic analysis between OsGRP3OE and OsGRP3KD plants suggests that OsGRP3 is involved in the regulation of the ROS related genes. RNA-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed the associations of OsGRP3 with PATHOGENESIS RELATED GENE 5 (PR5), METALLOTHIONEIN 1d (MT1d), 4,5-DOPA-DIOXYGENASE (DOPA), and LIPOXYGENASE (LOX) transcripts. The half-life analysis showed that PR5 transcripts decayed slower in OsGRP3OE but faster in OsGRP3KD, while MT1d and LOX transcripts decayed faster in OsGRP3OE but slower in OsGRP3KD plants. H2O2 accumulation was reduced in OsGRP3OE and increased in OsGRP3KD plants compared to non-transgenic plants (NT) under drought stress. CONCLUSION OsGRP3 plays a positive regulator in rice drought tolerance and modulates the transcript level and mRNA stability of stress-responsive genes, including ROS-related genes. Moreover, OsGRP3 contributes to the reduction of ROS accumulation during drought stress. Our results suggested that OsGRP3 alleviates ROS accumulation by regulating ROS-related genes' mRNA stability under drought stress, which confers drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sung Shim
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, South Korea
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Park
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, South Korea
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Dong-Keun Lee
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, South Korea
- E GREEN GLOBAL, Gunpo, 15843, South Korea
| | - Youn Shic Kim
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, South Korea
- Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Soo-Chul Park
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, South Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, South Korea
| | | | - Jun Sung Seo
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, South Korea.
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, South Korea.
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Lee S, Lee DK, Jeon S, Kim SH, Jeong J, Kim JS, Cho JH, Park H, Cho WS. Combination effect of nanoparticles on the acute pulmonary inflammogenic potential: additive effect and antagonistic effect. Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:276-288. [PMID: 33554687 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1862336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The combination effect of co-exposed different types of nanomaterials is little known although humans are generally exposed to a mixture of nanomaterials from urban ultrafine particles or industrial nanomaterials. Herein, we evaluated the combined effect of nanoparticles (NPs) using three types of NPs in different inflammogenic categories: carbon black (CB), nickel oxide (NiO), and copper oxide (CuO). A single type of NPs or NPs in combination was intratracheally instilled into the lungs of rats and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed at 24 h after instillation to evaluate the acute inflammogenic potential. The percentage of neutrophils in BALF was selected as a toxicity endpoint and the potential for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, dose-response of the combined effect, sequential treatment of CB and NiO, and uptake of NiO to alveolar macrophages after combined treatment of CB and NiO were evaluated for the mechanism of the combined effect. Co-exposure of CuO and NiO showed an additive effect on the percentage of neutrophils and ROS generation potential, which implies that the physicochemical properties of each NP are not influenced by the other type. While CB exerted an antagonistic effect on the percentage of neutrophils in combined treatment with CuO or NiO. The antagonistic effect of CB was due to the scavenging activity of the ROS generated by the CuO and NiO rather than the competition in cellular uptake to target cells (i.e. alveolar macrophages), which highlight the importance of the combined effect of NPs in the risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghan Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Keun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeon
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Jeong
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Sung Kim
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jong Hyun Cho
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuntae Park
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Fischman JS, Sista S, Lee D, Cuadra GA, Palazzolo DL. Flavorless vs. Flavored Electronic Cigarette-Generated Aerosol and E-Liquid on the Growth of Common Oral Commensal Streptococci. Front Physiol 2020; 11:585416. [PMID: 33329035 PMCID: PMC7732452 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.585416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Electronic cigarette (ECIG) use or vaping has become popular globally. While the question “Is vaping safer than smoking?” continues, it is becoming clearer that one of the most dangerous components of E-liquids are the flavorings. Since the oral cavity is the first anatomical site to be assaulted by ECIG aerosol, the aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that flavored ECIG aerosols or E-liquids pose a more detrimental effect on the growth of commensal oral streptococcal bacteria compared to flavorless aerosols or E-liquids. Methods Kirby Bauer assays and 24-h planktonic growth curves were used to compare the effects of flavorless vs. flavored (tobacco, menthol, cinnamon, strawberry and blueberry) ECIG-generated aerosols and E-liquids on the growth of four common strains of oral commensal bacteria (Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus oralis). Results Kirby Bauer assays revealed inhibition of growth for all bacteria tested when exposed to 100% menthol, cinnamon or strawberry flavors. In contrast, 5% flavor in E-liquid had no effect. When exposed to 100 puffs of ECIG-generated aerosol ± flavors (≈ 0.05% flavor in brain heart infusion media) or an equivalent amount of E-liquid ± flavors, twenty-four hour planktonic growth curves indicated no effect on growth for all streptococci tested. Subsequent twenty-four hour planktonic growth curves testing the effects of E-liquid ± flavors (0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.3125, 0.625, and 1.25% flavor in brain heart infusion media) revealed dose-dependent inhibition of growth, particularly for menthol, cinnamon and strawberry), for all bacteria tested. Conclusion These results support the hypothesis that flavored E-liquids are more detrimental to the growth of oral commensal bacteria than unflavored E-liquids. The streptococci tested in this study are early colonizers and part of the foundation of oral biofilms and dental plaque. Disturbances in the composition and growth of these primary colonizers is crucial to the development of a healthy dental plaque and host-bacteria interactions. E-liquids and their aerosols containing flavoring agents alter the growth of these bacteria. Such perturbations of pioneering oral communities pose a potential risk to the health of the oral cavity and, ultimately, health in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Fischman
- Department of Biology, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA, United States
| | - Swapna Sista
- Department of Physiology, DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, United States
| | - DongKeun Lee
- Department of Physiology, DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, United States
| | | | - Dominic L Palazzolo
- Department of Physiology, DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, United States
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Lee DK, Ha S, Jeon S, Jeong J, Kim DJ, Lee SW, Cho WS. The sp3/sp2 carbon ratio as a modulator of in vivo and in vitro toxicity of the chemically purified detonation-synthesized nanodiamond via the reactive oxygen species generation. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:1213-1226. [PMID: 32924690 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1813825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds have been suggested as biocompatible materials and are suitable for various biomedical applications, but little is known about how to synthesize safer nanodiamonds. Herein, seven different detonation-synthesized nanodiamonds (DNDs) with sequential sp3/sp2 carbon ratios were assembled by controlling the chemical purification parameters and the role of sp3/sp2 carbon ratio on the toxicity of DNDs was investigated. Carbon black and nickel oxide nanoparticles were used as reference particles. The intrinsic reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation potential of DNDs was estimated by a 2'7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay, and these values showed a good negative correlation with the sp3/sp2 carbon ratios, which implies that ROS generation increased as the sp3/sp2 carbon ratio decreased. As a model to investigate inflammogenic potential of DND samples, a rat intratracheal instillation model was used as the lung is very sensitive to nanoparticle exposures. The sp3/sp2 carbon ratios or the estimated values of ROS generation potential showed excellent linear correlations with the number of neutrophils and pro-inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at 24 h after instillation. Treatment of DND samples to THP-1 derived macrophages also showed that the sp3/sp2 carbon ratios or the estimated values of ROS generation potential were closely related with the toxicity endpoints such as cell viability and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the sp3/sp2 carbon ratio is the key determinant for the toxicity of DNDs, which can be a useful tool for the safer-by-design approach of DNDs and the safety assessment of carbon nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Keun Lee
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwook Ha
- Plasma Technology Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, Gunsan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeon
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Jeong
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jae Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Whan Lee
- Plasma Technology Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, Gunsan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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12
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Lee DK, Jeon S, Jeong J, Song KS, Cho WS. Carbon nanomaterial-derived lung burden analysis using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and proteinase K digestion. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:43. [PMID: 32917232 PMCID: PMC7488454 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quantification of nanomaterials accumulated in various organs is crucial in studying their toxicity and toxicokinetics. However, some types of nanomaterials, including carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), are difficult to quantify in a biological matrix. Therefore, developing improved methodologies for quantification of CNMs in vital organs is instrumental in their continued modification and application. RESULTS In this study, carbon black, nanodiamond, multi-walled carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, and graphene nanoplatelet were assembled and used as a panel of CNMs. All CNMs showed significant absorbance at 750 nm, while their bio-components showed minimal absorbance at this wavelength. Quantification of CNMs using their absorbance at 750 nm was shown to have more than 94% accuracy in all of the studied materials. Incubating proteinase K (PK) for 2 days with a mixture of lung tissue homogenates and CNMs showed an average recovery rate over 90%. The utility of this method was confirmed in a murine pharyngeal aspiration model using CNMs at 30 μg/mouse. CONCLUSIONS We developed an improved lung burden assay for CNMs with an accuracy > 94% and a recovery rate > 90% using PK digestion and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. This method can be applied to any nanomaterial with sufficient absorbance in the near-infrared band and can differentiate nanomaterials from elements in the body, as well as the soluble fraction of the nanomaterial. Furthermore, a combination of PK digestion and other instrumental analysis specific to the nanomaterial can be applied to organ burden analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Keun Lee
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315 Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeon
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315 Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Jeong
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Seuk Song
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, 8, Gaetbeol-ro 145 beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu, 21999 Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315 Republic of Korea
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13
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Lee DK, Kang MS, Cho H. MRI size assessment of cerebral microvasculature using diffusion-time-dependent stimulated-echo acquisition: A feasibility study in rodent. Neuroimage 2020; 215:116784. [PMID: 32276059 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a stimulated-echo (STE) method was employed to robustify the cerebral vessel size estimation near air-tissue, bone-tissue interfaces, and large vessels. The proposed solution is to replace the relaxation rate change from gradient-echo (GRE) with that from STE with long diffusion time after the injection of an intravascular contrast agent, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. The corresponding diffusion length of STE is shorter than the length over which the unwanted macroscopic field inhomogeneities but is still longer than the correlation length of the fields induced by small vessels. Therefore, the unwanted field inhomogeneities are refocused, while preserving microscopic susceptibility contrast from cerebral vessels. The mean vessel diameter (dimensionless) derived from the diffusion-time-varying STE method was compared to the mean vessel diameter obtained by a conventional spin-echo (SE) and GRE combination based on Monte-Carlo proton diffusion simulations and in vivo rat experiments at 7 T. The in vivo mean vessel diameter from the MRI experiments was directly compared to available reference mouse brain vasculature obtained by a knife-edge scanning microscope (KESM), which is considered to be the gold standard. Monte-Carlo simulation revealed that SE and GRE-based MR relaxation rate changes (ΔR2 and ΔR2∗, respectively) can be enhanced using single STE-based MR relaxation rate change (ΔRSTE) by regulating diffusion time, especially for small vessels. The in vivo mean vessel diameter from the STE method demonstrated a closer agreement with that from the KESM compared to the combined SE and GRE method, especially in the olfactory bulb and cortex. This study demonstrates that STE relaxation rate changes can be used as consistent measures for assessing small cerebral microvasculature, where macroscopic field inhomogeneity is severe and signal contamination from adjacent large vessels is significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - M S Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - H Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea.
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Lee DK, Jeon S, Jeong J, Yu IJ, Song KS, Kang A, Yun WS, Kim JS, Cho WS. Potential Role of Soluble Metal Impurities in the Acute Lung Inflammogenicity of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10020379. [PMID: 32098206 PMCID: PMC7075329 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have variable metal impurities, but little is known about the impact of soluble metal impurities on the toxicity of MWCNTs. Here, we evaluated the role of soluble metal impurities to the acute inflammogenic potential of MWCNTs, using five types of high purity MWCNTs (>95%). MWCNTs and their soluble fractions collected at 24 h after incubation in phosphate-buffered saline showed diverse metal impurities with variable concentrations. The fiber-free soluble fractions produced variable levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the iron level was the key determinant for ROS production. The acute inflammation at 24 h after intratracheal instillation of MWCNTs to rats at 0.19, 0.63, and 1.91 mg MWCNT/kg body weight (bw) or fiber-free supernatants from MWCNT suspensions at 1.91 and 7.64 mg MWCNT/kg bw showed that the number of granulocytes, a marker for acute inflammation, was significantly increased with a good dose-dependency. The correlation study showed that neither the levels of iron nor the ROS generation potential of the soluble fractions showed any correlations with the inflammogenic potential. However, the total concentration of transition metals in the soluble fractions showed a good correlation with the acute lung inflammogenic potential. These results implied that metal impurities, especially transitional metals, can contribute to the acute inflammogenic potential of MWCNTs, although the major parameter for the toxicity of MWCNTs is size and shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Keun Lee
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (D.-K.L.); (S.J.); (J.J.)
| | - Soyeon Jeon
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (D.-K.L.); (S.J.); (J.J.)
| | - Jiyoung Jeong
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (D.-K.L.); (S.J.); (J.J.)
| | - Il Je Yu
- HCTm Co., LTD., 74, Seoicheon-ro 578 beon-gil Majang-myeon, Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 17383, Korea;
| | - Kyung Seuk Song
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, 8, Gaetbeol-ro 145 beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Aeyeon Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea; (A.K.); (W.S.Y.)
| | - Wan Soo Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea; (A.K.); (W.S.Y.)
| | - Jong Sung Kim
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H4R2, Canada;
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (D.-K.L.); (S.J.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+82-51-200-7563
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15
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Lee DK, Jang HS, Chung H, Jeon S, Jeong J, Choi JH, Cho WS. Aggravation of atherosclerosis by pulmonary exposure to indium oxide nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:355-371. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1704590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Keun Lee
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Seok Jang
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunji Chung
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeon
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Jeong
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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16
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Kim SH, Jeon S, Lee DK, Lee S, Jeong J, Kim JS, Cho WS. The early onset and persistent worsening pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in rats by indium oxide nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2019; 14:468-478. [PMID: 31775551 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1694184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Workplace inhalation exposure to indium compounds has been reported to produce 'indium lung disease' characterized by pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), granulomas, and pulmonary fibrosis. However, there is little information about the pulmonary toxicity of nano-sized indium oxide (In2O3), which is widely used in various applications such as liquid crystal displays. In this study, we evaluated the time-course and dose-dependent lung injuries by In2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) after a single intratracheal instillation to rats. In2O3 NPs were instilled to female Wistar rats at 7.5, 30, and 90 cm2/rat and lung injuries were evaluated at day 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, 90, and 180 after a single intratracheal instillation. Treatment of In2O3 NPs induced worsening diverse pathological changes including PAP, persistent neutrophilic inflammation, type II cell hyperplasia, foamy macrophages, and granulomas in a time- and dose-dependent manner. PAP was induced from day 3 and worsened throughout the study. The concentrations of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) showed dose- and time-dependent increases and the levels of these inflammatory mediators are consistent with the data of inflammatory cells in BALF and progressive lung damages by In2O3 NPs. This study suggests that a single inhalation exposure to In2O3 NPs can produce worsening lung damages such as PAP, chronic active inflammation, infiltration of foamy macrophages, and granulomas. The early onset and persistent PAP even at the very low dose (7.5 cm2/rat) implies that the re-evaluation of occupational recommended exposure limit for In2O3 NPs is urgently needed to protect workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyun Kim
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeon
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Keun Lee
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghan Lee
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Jeong
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Sung Kim
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Cheng MH, Dien BS, Lee DK, Singh V. Sugar production from bioenergy sorghum by using pilot scale continuous hydrothermal pretreatment combined with disk refining. Bioresour Technol 2019; 289:121663. [PMID: 31234074 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemical-free pretreatments are attracting increased interest because they generate less inhibitor in hydrolysates. In this study, pilot-scaled continuous hydrothermal (PCH) pretreatment followed by disk refining was evaluated and compared to laboratory-scale batch hot water (LHW) pretreatment. Bioenergy sorghum bagasse (BSB) was pretreated at 160-190 °C for 10 min with and without subsequent disk milling. Hydrothermal pretreatment and disk milling synergistically improved glucose and xylose release by 10-20% compared to hydrothermal pretreatment alone. Maximum yields of glucose and xylose of 82.55% and 70.78%, respectively were achieved, when BSB was pretreated at 190 °C and 180 °C followed by disk milling. LHW pretreated BSB had 5-15% higher sugar yields compared to PCH for all pretreatment conditions. The surface area improvement was also performed. PCH pretreatment combined with disk milling increased BSB surface area by 31.80-106.93%, which was greater than observed using LHW pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsun Cheng
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bruce S Dien
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - D K Lee
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Vijay Singh
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Lee DK, Lee H, Yoon J, Hong S, Lee Y, Kim KT, Kim JW, Song MR. Cdk5 regulates N-cadherin-dependent neuronal migration during cortical development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:645-652. [PMID: 31076103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) controls neuronal migration in the developing cortex when multipolar newborn neurons transform to become bipolar. However, by which mechanisms Cdk5 controls cell adhesion in migrating neurons are not fully understood. In this study, we examined the functional interaction between Cdk5 and N-cadherin (Ncad) in newborn neurons when they undergo the multipolar to bipolar transition in the intermediate zone (IZ). Detailed expression analysis revealed that both Cdk5 and Ncad were present in GFP-electroporated migrating neurons in the IZ. Misexpression of dominant negative Cdk5 into the embryonic brains stalled neuronal locomotion in the lower IZ in which arrested cells were round or multipolar. When Ncad was co-introduced with Cdk5DN, however, cells continue to migrate into the cortical plate (CP) and migrating neurons acquired typical bipolar morphology with a pia-directed leading process. Similarly, downregulation of CDK5 resulted in lesser aggregation ability, reversed by the expression of Ncad in vitro. Down-regulation of activity or protein level of CDK5 did not alter the total amount of NCAD proteins but lowered its surface expression in cells. Lastly, expression of CDK5 and NCAD overlapped in the IZ of the human fetal cortex, indicating that the role of Cdk5 and Ncad in neuronal migration is evolutionarily conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Keun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojae Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Yoon
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Hong
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjeong Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tai Kim
- Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baekhak1-gil, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Woon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ryoung Song
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea.
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Jeon S, Clavadetscher J, Lee DK, Chankeshwara SV, Bradley M, Cho WS. Surface Charge-Dependent Cellular Uptake of Polystyrene Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2018; 8:nano8121028. [PMID: 30544753 PMCID: PMC6316338 DOI: 10.3390/nano8121028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of the role of physicochemical properties in the toxicity of nanoparticles is important for the understanding of toxicity mechanisms and for controlling the behavior of nanoparticles. The surface charge of nanoparticles is suggested as one of the key parameters which decide their biological impact. In this study, we synthesized fluorophore-conjugated polystyrene nanoparticles (F-PLNPs), with seven different types of surface functional groups that were all based on an identical core, to evaluate the role of surface charge in the cellular uptake of nanoparticles. Phagocytic differentiated THP-1 cells or non-phagocytic A549 cells were incubated with F-PLNP for 4 h, and their cellular uptake was quantified by fluorescence intensity and confocal microscopy. The amount of internalized F-PLNPs showed a good positive correlation with the zeta potential of F-PLNPs in both cell lines (Pearson’s r = 0.7021 and 0.7852 for zeta potential vs. cellular uptake in THP-1 cells and nonphagocytic A549 cells, respectively). This result implies that surface charge is the major parameter determining cellular uptake efficiency, although other factors such as aggregation/agglomeration, protein corona formation, and compositional elements can also influence the cellular uptake partly or indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Jeon
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Jessica Clavadetscher
- EastChem, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Dong-Keun Lee
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Sunay V Chankeshwara
- EastChem, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
- Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 50 Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Mark Bradley
- EastChem, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea.
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Lee DK, Jeon S, Han Y, Kim SH, Lee S, Yu IJ, Song KS, Kang A, Yun WS, Kang SM, Huh YS, Cho WS. Threshold Rigidity Values for the Asbestos-like Pathogenicity of High-Aspect-Ratio Carbon Nanotubes in a Mouse Pleural Inflammation Model. ACS Nano 2018; 12:10867-10879. [PMID: 30380828 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the physicochemical parameters associated with the pathogenicity of high-aspect-ratio nanomaterials is important for comprehensive regulation efforts and safety-by-design approaches. Here, we report quantitative data on the correlations between the rigidity of these nanomaterials and toxicity endpoints in vitro and in vivo. As measured by new ISO standards published in 2017, rigidity shows a strong positive correlation with inflammogenic potential, as indicated by inflammatory cell counts and IL-1β (a biomarker for frustrated phagocytosis) levels in both the acute and chronic phases. In vitro experiments using differentiated THP-1 cells find that only highly rigid multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and asbestos fibers lead to piercing and frustrated phagocytosis. Thus, this study suggests a bending ratio of 0.97 and a static bending persistence length of 1.08 as threshold rigidity values for asbestos-like pathogenicity. However, additional research using MWCNTs with rigidity values that lie between those of non-inflammogenic ( Db = 0.66 and SBPL = 0.87) and inflammogenic fibers ( Db = 0.97 and SBPL = 1.09) is required to identify more accurate threshold values, which would be useful for comprehensive regulation and safety-by-design approaches based on MWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Keun Lee
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences , Dong-A University , 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil , Busan 49315 , Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeon
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences , Dong-A University , 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil , Busan 49315 , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngju Han
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences , Dong-A University , 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil , Busan 49315 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences , Dong-A University , 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil , Busan 49315 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghan Lee
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences , Dong-A University , 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil , Busan 49315 , Republic of Korea
| | - Il Je Yu
- HCTm Co., LTD , 74, Seoicheon-ro 578 beon-gil, Majang-myeon , Icheon-si , Gyeonggi-do 17383 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Seuk Song
- Korea Environment and Merchandise Testing Institute , 8, Gaetbeol-ro 145 beon-gil , Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999 , Republic of Korea
| | - Aeyeon Kang
- Department of Chemistry , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066, Seobu-ro , Jangan-gu, Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Soo Yun
- Department of Chemistry , Sungkyunkwan University , 2066, Seobu-ro , Jangan-gu, Suwon-si , Gyeonggi-do 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Kang
- Department of Biological Engineering , Inha University , 100, Inharo , Nam-gu, Incheon 22212 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Engineering , Inha University , 100, Inharo , Nam-gu, Incheon 22212 , Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences , Dong-A University , 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil , Busan 49315 , Republic of Korea
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Lee Y, Kim SJ, Kim YS, Kim H, Lee DK, Lee J, Go TH, Cha YS. The usefulness of the SOFA and APACHE II scoring systems for the early prediction of mortality in patients with dapsone poisoning. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 38:280-287. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327118806647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The rate of mortality from dapsone poisoning is high because of the long absorption half-life of dapsone. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) scoring systems for the early prediction of mortality in patients with dapsone poisoning. This is a retrospective and observational study of consecutive patients diagnosed with dapsone poisoning. The SOFA and APACHE II scores were obtained within the first 24 h of admission. Patients were divided into survivor and non-survivor groups. In total, 106 patients were included. The SOFA scores of the survivor and non-survivor groups were 1 (0–8) and 4 (1–10), respectively ( p < 0.001). The APACHE II scores of the survivor and non-survivor groups were 9 (1–25) and 14 (3–23), respectively ( p < 0.001). Based on these scores and in-hospital mortality cases, the standardized mortality ratios for the APACHE II and SOFA were 1.00 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.64–1.48) and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.64–1.49), respectively. In the model adjusted for clinically important variables and variables with significant differences between the survivor and non-survivor groups, the area under the curve of the SOFA (0.907; 95% CI: 0.834–0.955) was significantly higher than that of the APACHE II (0.793; 95% CI: 0.703–0.867) ( p = 0.008). The SOFA and APACHE II score systems had good discrimination and satisfactory calibration performance in patients with dapsone poisoning. However, the SOFA score was a more useful method in predicting mortality than the APACHE II score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - SJ Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - YS Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - H Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - DK Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - J Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - TH Go
- Center of Biomedical Data Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - YS Cha
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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Pantuck AJ, Lee DK, Kee T, Wang P, Lakhotia S, Silverman MH, Mathis C, Drakaki A, Belldegrun AS, Ho CM, Ho D. Artificial Intelligence: Modulating BET Bromodomain Inhibitor ZEN-3694 and Enzalutamide Combination Dosing in a Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patient Using CURATE.AI, an Artificial Intelligence Platform (Adv. Therap. 6/2018). Adv Therap 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201870020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Pantuck AJ, Lee DK, Kee T, Wang P, Lakhotia S, Silverman MH, Mathis C, Drakaki A, Belldegrun AS, Ho CM, Ho D. Modulating BET Bromodomain Inhibitor ZEN-3694 and Enzalutamide Combination Dosing in a Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patient Using CURATE.AI, an Artificial Intelligence Platform. Adv Therap 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Allan J. Pantuck
- Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center; Department of Urology; David Geffen School of Medicine; Institute of Urologic Oncology; University of California; 757 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of California; 10833 Le Conte Ave Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Dong-Keun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering; Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science; University of California; 410 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Theodore Kee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117583 Singapore
- Department of Bioengineering; Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science; University of California; 410 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Peter Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science; University of California; 5531 Boelter Hall Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Sanjay Lakhotia
- Zenith Epigenetics; Suite 4010, 44 Montgomery Street San Francisco CA 94104 USA
- Zenith Epigenetics; 300, 4820 Richard Road SW Calgary AB T3E 6L1 Canada
| | - Michael H. Silverman
- Zenith Epigenetics; Suite 4010, 44 Montgomery Street San Francisco CA 94104 USA
- Zenith Epigenetics; 300, 4820 Richard Road SW Calgary AB T3E 6L1 Canada
| | - Colleen Mathis
- Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center; Department of Urology; David Geffen School of Medicine; Institute of Urologic Oncology; University of California; 757 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Alexandra Drakaki
- Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center; Department of Urology; David Geffen School of Medicine; Institute of Urologic Oncology; University of California; 757 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- Department of Medicine; Division of Hematology & Oncology; David Geffen School of Medicine; University of California; 10833 Le Conte Ave. 11-934 Factor Bldg. Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Arie S. Belldegrun
- Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center; Department of Urology; David Geffen School of Medicine; Institute of Urologic Oncology; University of California; 757 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Chih-Ming Ho
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of California; 10833 Le Conte Ave Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- Department of Bioengineering; Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science; University of California; 410 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science; University of California; 420 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Dean Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117583 Singapore
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Bang JYR, Ting C, Wang P, Kim T, Wang KK, Kee T, Miya D, Ho D, Lee DK. Synthesis and Characterization of Nanodiamond–Growth Factor Complexes Toward Applications in Oral Implantation and Regenerative Medicine. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2018; 44:207-211. [DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-17-00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ye Rin Bang
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Caleb Ting
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Peter Wang
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Ted Kim
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Kenneth Kezhi Wang
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Theodore Kee
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Darron Miya
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Dean Ho
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Dong-Keun Lee
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif
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Lee DK, Song YK, Park BW, Cho HP, Yeom JS, Cho G, Cho H. The robustness of T 2 value as a trabecular structural index at multiple spatial resolutions of 7 Tesla MRI. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:1949-1961. [PMID: 29656389 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the robustness of MR transverse relaxation times of trabecular bone from spin-echo and gradient-echo acquisitions at multiple spatial resolutions of 7 T. METHODS The effects of MRI resolutions to T2 and T2* of trabecular bone were numerically evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations. T2 , T2*, and trabecular structural indices from multislice multi-echo and UTE acquisitions were measured in defatted human distal femoral condyles on a 7 T scanner. Reference structural indices were extracted from high-resolution microcomputed tomography images. For bovine knee trabecular samples with intact bone marrow, T2 and T2* were measured by degrading spatial resolutions on a 7 T system. RESULTS In the defatted trabecular experiment, both T2 and T2* values showed strong ( |r| > 0.80) correlations with trabecular spacing and number, at a high spatial resolution of 125 µm3 . The correlations for MR image-segmentation-derived structural indices were significantly degraded ( |r| < 0.50) at spatial resolutions of 250 and 500 µm3 . The correlations for T2* rapidly dropped ( |r| < 0.50) at a spatial resolution of 500 µm3 , whereas those for T2 remained consistently high ( |r| > 0.85). In the bovine trabecular experiments with intact marrow, low-resolution (approximately 1 mm3 , 2 minutes) T2 values did not shorten ( |r| > 0.95 with respect to approximately 0.4 mm3 , 11 minutes) and maintained consistent correlations ( |r| > 0.70) with respect to trabecular spacing (turbo spin echo, 22.5 minutes). CONCLUSION T2 measurements of trabeculae at 7 T are robust with degrading spatial resolution and may be preferable in assessing trabecular spacing index with reduced scan time, when high-resolution 3D micro-MRI is difficult to obtain.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Y K Song
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, South Korea
| | - B W Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - H P Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - J S Yeom
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - G Cho
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, South Korea
| | - H Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
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Lee DK, Redillas MCFR, Jung H, Choi S, Kim YS, Kim JK. A Nitrogen Molecular Sensing System, Comprised of the ALLANTOINASE and UREIDE PERMEASE 1 Genes, Can Be Used to Monitor N Status in Rice. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:444. [PMID: 29720986 PMCID: PMC5915567 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development, but its concentration in the soil is often insufficient for optimal crop production. Consequently, improving N utilization in crops is considered as a major target in agricultural biotechnology. However, much remains to be learnt about crop N metabolism for application. In this study, we have developed a molecular sensor system to monitor the N status in rice (Oryza sativa). We first examined the role of the ureide, allantoin, which is catabolized into allantoin-derived metabolites and used as an N source under low N conditions. The expression levels of two genes involved in ureide metabolism, ALLANTOINASE (OsALN) and UREIDE PERMEASE 1 (OsUPS1), were highly responsive to the N status. OsALN was rapidly up-regulated under low N conditions, whereas OsUPS1 was up-regulated under high N conditions. Taking advantage of the responses of these two genes to N status, we generated transgenic rice plants harboring the molecular N sensors, proALN::ALN-LUC2 and proUPS1::UPS1-LUC2, comprising the gene promoters driving expression of the luciferase reporter. We observed that expression of the transgenes mimicked transcriptional regulation of the endogenous OsALN and OsUPS1 genes in response to exogenous N status. Importantly, the molecular N sensors showed similar levels of specificity to nitrate and ammonium, from which we infer their sensing abilities. Transgenic rice plants expressing the proUPS1::UPS1-LUC2 sensor showed strong luminescence under high exogenous N conditions (>1 mM), whereas transgenic plants expressing the proALN::ALN-LUC2 sensor showed strong luminescence under low exogenous N conditions (<0.1 mM). High exogenous N (>1 mM) substantially increased internal ammonium and nitrate levels, whereas low exogenous N (<0.1 mM) had no effect on internal ammonium and nitrate levels, indicating the luminescence signals of molecular sensors reflect internal N status in rice. Thus, proALN::ALN-LUC2 and proUPS1::UPS1-LUC2 represent N molecular sensors that operate over a physiological and developmental range in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ju-Kon Kim
- *Correspondence: Dong-Keun Lee, Ju-Kon Kim,
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Lee MS, Anderson EK, Stojšin D, McPherson MA, Baltazar B, Horak MJ, de la Fuente JM, Wu K, Crowley JH, Rayburn AL, Lee DK. Assessment of the potential for gene flow from transgenic maize (Zea mays L.) to eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.). Transgenic Res 2017; 26:501-514. [PMID: 28466411 PMCID: PMC5504203 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-017-0020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.) belongs to the same tribe of the Poaceae family as maize (Zea mays L.) and grows naturally in the same region where maize is commercially produced in the USA. Although no evidence exists of gene flow from maize to eastern gamagrass in nature, experimental crosses between the two species were produced using specific techniques. As part of environmental risk assessment, the possibility of transgene flow from maize to eastern gamagrass populations in nature was evaluated with the objectives: (1) to assess the seeds of eastern gamagrass populations naturally growing near commercial maize fields for the presence of a transgenic glyphosate-tolerance gene (cp4 epsps) that would indicate cross-pollination between the two species, and (2) to evaluate the possibility of interspecific hybridization between transgenic maize used as male parent and eastern gamagrass used as female parent. A total of 46,643 seeds from 54 eastern gamagrass populations collected in proximity of maize fields in Illinois, USA were planted in a field in 2014 and 2015. Emerged seedlings were treated with glyphosate herbicide and assessed for survival. An additional 48,000 seeds from the same 54 eastern gamagrass populations were tested for the presence of the cp4 epsps transgene markers using TaqMan® PCR method. The results from these trials showed that no seedlings survived the herbicide treatment and no seed indicated presence of the herbicide tolerant cp4 epsps transgene, even though these eastern gamagrass populations were exposed to glyphosate-tolerant maize pollen for years. Furthermore, no interspecific hybrid seeds were produced from 135 hand-pollination attempts involving 1529 eastern gamagrass spikelets exposed to maize pollen. Together, these results indicate that there is no evidence of gene flow from maize to eastern gamagrass in natural habitats. The outcome of this study should be taken in consideration when assessing for environmental risks regarding the consequence of gene flow from transgenic maize to its wild relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Sub Lee
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Eric K Anderson
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Duška Stojšin
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis, MO, 63167, USA
| | - Marc A McPherson
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis, MO, 63167, USA
| | - Baltazar Baltazar
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis, MO, 63167, USA
| | - Michael J Horak
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis, MO, 63167, USA
| | - Juan Manuel de la Fuente
- Monsanto Company, Park Plaza Torre II, 504 Javier Barros Sierra Ave., Col. Santa Fe, Del. Alvaro Obregon, CP 01210, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Kunsheng Wu
- Monsanto Company, 700 Chesterfield Parkway W., St. Louis, MO, 63017, USA
| | - James H Crowley
- Monsanto Company, 700 Chesterfield Parkway W., St. Louis, MO, 63017, USA
| | - A Lane Rayburn
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - D K Lee
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Choi YK, Kim JH, Lee DK, Lee KS, Won MH, Jeoung D, Lee H, Ha KS, Kwon YG, Kim YM. Carbon Monoxide Potentiation of L-Type Ca 2+ Channel Activity Increases HIF-1α-Independent VEGF Expression via an AMPKα/SIRT1-Mediated PGC-1α/ERRα Axis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:21-36. [PMID: 27554679 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/carbon monoxide (CO) pathway induced in astrocytes after ischemic brain injury promotes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression to maintain and repair neurovascular function. Although HO-1-derived CO has been shown to induce hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)-dependent VEGF expression, the underlying mechanism independent of HIF-1α remains to be elucidated. RESULTS HO-1 and VEGF were coexpressed in astrocytes of ischemic mouse brain tissues. Experiments with specific siRNAs and pharmacological activators/inhibitors of various target genes demonstrated that astrocytes pre-exposed to the CO-releasing compound, CORM-2, or transfected with HO-1 increased HIF-1α-independent VEGF expression via sequential activation of the following signal cascades; Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β-mediated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α activation, AMPKα-induced increases in nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) expression and cellular NAD+ level, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-dependent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) stabilization and activation, and PGC-1α/estrogen-related receptor (ERR)α-mediated VEGF expression. All of these sequential events were blocked by an L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channel inhibitor and Ca2+ chelators, but not by other Ca2+ channel inhibitors. INNOVATION HO-1-derived CO elicits Ca2+ influx by activating L-type Ca2+ channels, which is a key player in HIF-1α-independent VEGF expression by activating the AMPKα-NAMPT-SIRT1-PGC-1α/ERRα pathway. CONCLUSION Our results provide new mechanistic insight into the possible role for L-type Ca2+ channels in HO-1/CO-induced angiogenesis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 21-36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Kyung Choi
- 1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- 2 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Kim
- 1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Keun Lee
- 1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Lee
- 1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- 3 Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- 4 Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansoo Lee
- 5 Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- 1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- 6 Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- 1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Bishop JW, Kim S, Villamil MB, Lee DK, Rayburn AL. Meiotic pairing as an indicator of genome composition in polyploid prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata Link). Genetica 2017; 145:235-240. [PMID: 28243829 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-017-9955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The existence of neopolyploidy in prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata Link) has been documented. The neohexaploid was discovered coexisting with tetraploids in central Illinois, and has been reported to exhibit competitiveness in the natural environment. It is hypothesized that the natural tetraploid cytotype produced the hexaploid cytotype via production of unreduced gametes. Meiosis I chromosome pairing was observed in tetraploid (2n = 4x = 40), hexaploid (2n = 6x = 60), and octoploid (2n = 8x = 80) accessions and the percentage of meiotic abnormality was determined. Significant differences in meiotic abnormality exist between tetraploid, hexaploid, and octoploid cytotypes. An elevated incidence of abnormal, predominantly trivalent pairing in the neohexaploid suggests that it may possess homologous chromosomes in sets of three, in contrast to the tetraploid and octoploid cytotypes, which likely possess homologous chromosomes in sets of two. Abnormal chromosome pairing in the hexaploid may result in unequal allocation of chromosomes to daughter cells during later stages of meiosis. Chromosome pairing patterns in tetraploid, hexaploid, and octoploid cytotypes indicate genome compositions of AABB, AAABBB, and AABBA'A'B'B', respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Bishop
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Sumin Kim
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - María B Villamil
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - D K Lee
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - A Lane Rayburn
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Abstract
Drought is the most serious problem that impedes crop development and productivity worldwide. Although several studies have documented the root architecture adaption for drought tolerance, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our latest study demonstrated that overexpression of the OsERF71 in rice roots under drought conditions modifies root structure including larger aerenchyma and radial root growth, and thereby, protects the rice plants from drought stresses. The OsERF71-mediated root modifications are caused by combinatory overexpression of general stress-inducible, cell wall-associated and lignin biosynthesis genes that contribute to drought tolerance. Here we addressed that the OsERF71-mediated root modifications alter physiological capacity in shoots without evidence of developmental changes for drought tolerance. Thus, the OsERF71-mediated root modifications provide novel molecular insights into drought tolerance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Keun Lee
- Graduation School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Korea
| | - Suin Yoon
- Graduation School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Korea
| | - Youn Shic Kim
- Graduation School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Korea
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Graduation School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Korea
- CONTACT Ju-Kon Kim International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-Ro, Pyeongchang, Gangwon, Korea (South), Republic of, 25354
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31
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Lee DK, Chang VY, Kee T, Ho CM, Ho D. Optimizing Combination Therapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Using a Phenotypic Personalized Medicine Digital Health Platform: Retrospective Optimization Individualizes Patient Regimens to Maximize Efficacy and Safety. SLAS Technol 2016; 22:276-288. [PMID: 27920397 DOI: 10.1177/2211068216681979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a blood cancer that is characterized by the overproduction of lymphoblasts in the bone marrow. Treatment for pediatric ALL typically uses combination chemotherapy in phases, including a prolonged maintenance phase with oral methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine, which often requires dose adjustment to balance side effects and efficacy. However, a major challenge confronting combination therapy for virtually every disease indication is the inability to pinpoint drug doses that are optimized for each patient, and the ability to adaptively and continuously optimize these doses to address comorbidities and other patient-specific physiological changes. To address this challenge, we developed a powerful digital health technology platform based on phenotypic personalized medicine (PPM). PPM identifies patient-specific maps that parabolically correlate drug inputs with phenotypic outputs. In a disease mechanism-independent fashion, we individualized drug ratios/dosages for two pediatric patients with standard-risk ALL in this study via PPM-mediated retrospective optimization. PPM optimization demonstrated that dynamically adjusted dosing of combination chemotherapy could enhance treatment outcomes while also substantially reducing the amount of chemotherapy administered. This may lead to more effective maintenance therapy, with the potential for shortening duration and reducing the risk of serious side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Keun Lee
- 1 Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vivian Y Chang
- 2 Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,3 Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theodore Kee
- 4 Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chih-Ming Ho
- 3 Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,4 Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,5 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dean Ho
- 1 Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,3 Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,4 Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,6 Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,7 California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Lee DK, Jung H, Jang G, Jeong JS, Kim YS, Ha SH, Do Choi Y, Kim JK. Overexpression of the OsERF71 Transcription Factor Alters Rice Root Structure and Drought Resistance. Plant Physiol 2016; 172:575-88. [PMID: 27382137 PMCID: PMC5074616 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses to drought stress require the regulation of transcriptional networks via drought-responsive transcription factors, which mediate a range of morphological and physiological changes. AP2/ERF transcription factors are known to act as key regulators of drought resistance transcriptional networks; however, little is known about the associated molecular mechanisms that give rise to specific morphological and physiological adaptations. In this study, we functionally characterized the rice (Oryza sativa) drought-responsive AP2/ERF transcription factor OsERF71, which is expressed predominantly in the root meristem, pericycle, and endodermis. Overexpression of OsERF71, either throughout the entire plant or specifically in roots, resulted in a drought resistance phenotype at the vegetative growth stage, indicating that overexpression in roots was sufficient to confer drought resistance. The root-specific overexpression was more effective in conferring drought resistance at the reproductive stage, such that grain yield was increased by 23% to 42% over wild-type plants or whole-body overexpressing transgenic lines under drought conditions. OsERF71 overexpression in roots elevated the expression levels of genes related to cell wall loosening and lignin biosynthetic genes, which correlated with changes in root structure, the formation of enlarged aerenchyma, and high lignification levels. Furthermore, OsERF71 was found to directly bind to the promoter of OsCINNAMOYL-COENZYME A REDUCTASE1, a key gene in lignin biosynthesis. These results indicate that the OsERF71-mediated drought resistance pathway recruits factors involved in cell wall modification to enable root morphological adaptations, thereby providing a mechanism for enhancing drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Keun Lee
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea (D.-K.L., H.J., J.S.J., Y.S.K., J.-K.K.);Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea (G.J., Y.D.C.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (S.-H.H.)
| | - Harin Jung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea (D.-K.L., H.J., J.S.J., Y.S.K., J.-K.K.);Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea (G.J., Y.D.C.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (S.-H.H.)
| | - Geupil Jang
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea (D.-K.L., H.J., J.S.J., Y.S.K., J.-K.K.);Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea (G.J., Y.D.C.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (S.-H.H.)
| | - Jin Seo Jeong
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea (D.-K.L., H.J., J.S.J., Y.S.K., J.-K.K.);Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea (G.J., Y.D.C.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (S.-H.H.)
| | - Youn Shic Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea (D.-K.L., H.J., J.S.J., Y.S.K., J.-K.K.);Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea (G.J., Y.D.C.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (S.-H.H.)
| | - Sun-Hwa Ha
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea (D.-K.L., H.J., J.S.J., Y.S.K., J.-K.K.);Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea (G.J., Y.D.C.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (S.-H.H.)
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea (D.-K.L., H.J., J.S.J., Y.S.K., J.-K.K.);Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea (G.J., Y.D.C.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (S.-H.H.)
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea (D.-K.L., H.J., J.S.J., Y.S.K., J.-K.K.);Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea (G.J., Y.D.C.); andDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (S.-H.H.)
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Abstract
The complete plastid genome (plastome) sequences of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai, a monotypic endemic genus of Korea, were determined in this study. The plastome of A. distichum was 1,559,825 bp in length (NCBI acc. no. KT274029) and contained a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb) of 25,703 bp, which was divided into large single copy region (LSC) region of 86,742 bp and small single copy (SSC) region of 17,834 bp. The overall GC contents of the plastome were 37.8%, and in the LSC, SSC and IR regions were 35.8%, 32.0% and 43.2%. The plastome comprised 129 genes (112 unique), including 78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, 4 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on 83 genes from 41 plastomes showed that A. distichum was most closely related to Jasminum nudiflorum with strong support values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoe-Won Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Lim Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Keun Lee
- Division of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Korea
| | - Ki-Joong Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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34
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Moore L, Yang J, Lan TTH, Osawa E, Lee DK, Johnson WD, Xi J, Chow EKH, Ho D. Biocompatibility Assessment of Detonation Nanodiamond in Non-Human Primates and Rats Using Histological, Hematologic, and Urine Analysis. ACS Nano 2016; 10:7385-400. [PMID: 27439019 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) have been widely explored for biomedical applications ranging from cancer therapy to magnetic resonance imaging due to several promising properties. These include faceted surfaces that mediate potent drug binding and water coordination that have resulted in marked enhancements to the efficacy and safety of drug delivery and imaging. In addition, scalable processing of DNDs yields uniform particles. Furthermore, a broad spectrum of biocompatibility studies has shown that DNDs appear to be well-tolerated. Prior to the clinical translation of DNDs for indications that are addressed via intravenous administration, comprehensive assessment of DND safety in both small and large animal preclinical models is needed. This article reports the results of a DND biocompatibility study in both non-human primates and rats. The rat study was performed as a multiple dose subacute investigation in two cohorts that lasted for 2 weeks and included histological, serum, and urine analysis. The non-human primate study was performed as a dual gender, multiple dose, and long-term investigation in both standard/clinically relevant and elevated dosing cohorts that lasted for 6 months and included comprehensive serum, urine, histological, and body weight analysis. The results from these studies indicate that NDs are well-tolerated at clinically relevant doses. Examination of dose-dependent changes in biomarker levels provides important guidance for the downstream in-human validation of DNDs for clinical drug delivery and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Junyu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University , Beijing, China 100871
| | - Thanh T Ha Lan
- Alverno Clinical Laboratories , Hammond, Indiana 46324, United States
| | - Eiji Osawa
- NanoCarbon Research Institute, Asama Research Extension Centre, Shinshu University , Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | | | - William D Johnson
- Life Sciences Group, IIT Research Institute , Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Jianzhong Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University , Beijing, China 100871
| | - Edward Kai-Hua Chow
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117599
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117600
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35
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Lee DK, Parrott DL, Adhikari E, Fraser N, Sieburth LE. The Mobile bypass Signal Arrests Shoot Growth by Disrupting Shoot Apical Meristem Maintenance, Cytokinin Signaling, and WUS Transcription Factor Expression. Plant Physiol 2016; 171:2178-90. [PMID: 27208247 PMCID: PMC4936579 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The bypass1 (bps1) mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) produces a root-sourced compound (the bps signal) that moves to the shoot and is sufficient to arrest growth of a wild-type shoot; however, the mechanism of growth arrest is not understood. Here, we show that the earliest shoot defect arises during germination and is a failure of bps1 mutants to maintain their shoot apical meristem (SAM). This finding suggested that the bps signal might affect expression or function of SAM regulatory genes, and we found WUSCHEL (WUS) expression to be repressed in bps1 mutants. Repression appears to arise from the mobile bps signal, as the bps1 root was sufficient to rapidly down-regulate WUS expression in wild-type shoots. Normally, WUS is regulated by a balance between positive regulation by cytokinin (CK) and negative regulation by CLAVATA (CLV). In bps1, repression of WUS was independent of CLV, and, instead, the bps signal down-regulates CK responses. Cytokinin treatment of bps1 mutants restored both WUS expression and activity, but only in the rib meristem. How the bps signal down-regulates CK remains unknown, though the bps signal was sufficient to repress expression of one CK receptor (AHK4) and one response regulator (AHP6). Together, these data suggest that the bps signal pathway has the potential for long-distance regulation through modification of CK signaling and altering gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Keun Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - David L Parrott
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Emma Adhikari
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Nisa Fraser
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Leslie E Sieburth
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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36
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Jung HS, Jin SH, Cho JH, Han SH, Lee DK, Cho H. UTE-ΔR2 -ΔR2 * combined MR whole-brain angiogram using dual-contrast superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. NMR Biomed 2016; 29:690-701. [PMID: 27061076 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The ability to visualize whole-brain vasculature is important for quantitative in vivo investigation of vascular malfunctions in cerebral small vessel diseases, including cancer, stroke and neurodegeneration. Transverse relaxation-based ΔR2 and ΔR2 * MR angiography (MRA) provides improved vessel-tissue contrast in animal deep brain with the aid of intravascular contrast agents; however, it is susceptible to orientation dependence, air-tissue interface artifacts and vessel size overestimation. Dual-mode MRA acquisition with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) provides a unique opportunity to systematically compare and synergistically combine both longitudinal (R1 ) and transverse (ΔR2 and ΔR2 *) relaxation-based MRA. Through Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and MRA experiments in normal and tumor-bearing animals with intravascular SPION, we show that ultrashort TE (UTE) MRA acquires well-defined vascularization on the brain surface, minimizing air-tissue artifacts, and combined ΔR2 and ΔR2 * MRA simultaneously improves the sensitivity to intracortical penetrating vessels and reduces vessel size overestimation. Consequently, UTE-ΔR2 -ΔR2 * combined MRA complements the shortcomings of individual angiograms and provides a strategy to synergistically merge longitudinal and transverse relaxation effects to generate more robust in vivo whole-brain micro-MRA. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - S H Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - J H Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - S H Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - D K Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - H Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
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37
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Zarrinpar A, Lee DK, Silva A, Datta N, Kee T, Eriksen C, Weigle K, Agopian V, Kaldas F, Farmer D, Wang SE, Busuttil R, Ho CM, Ho D. Individualizing liver transplant immunosuppression using a phenotypic personalized medicine platform. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aac5954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative liver transplant immunosuppression was personalized using a phenotypic, disease mechanism–independent and indication-agnostic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zarrinpar
- Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dong-Keun Lee
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine and the Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aleidy Silva
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nakul Datta
- Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Theodore Kee
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Calvin Eriksen
- Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Keri Weigle
- Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vatche Agopian
- Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Fady Kaldas
- Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Douglas Farmer
- Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sean E. Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ronald Busuttil
- Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chih-Ming Ho
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dean Ho
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine and the Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Kim KC, Rhee J, Park JE, Lee DK, Choi CS, Kim JW, Lee HW, Song MR, Yoo HJ, Chung C, Shin CY. Overexpression of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Induces Autism-like Excitatory Phenotypes in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:7312-7328. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Lee DK, Kim HI, Jang G, Chung PJ, Jeong JS, Kim YS, Bang SW, Jung H, Choi YD, Kim JK. The NF-YA transcription factor OsNF-YA7 confers drought stress tolerance of rice in an abscisic acid independent manner. Plant Sci 2015; 241:199-210. [PMID: 26706071 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of plant response and adaptation to drought stress require the regulation of transcriptional networks via the induction of drought-responsive transcription factors. Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y) transcription factors have aroused interest in roles of plant drought stress responses. However, the molecular mechanism of the NF-Y-induced drought tolerance is not well understood. Here, we functionally analyzed two rice NF-YA genes, OsNF-YA7 and OsNF-YA4. Expression of OsNF-YA7 was induced by drought stress and its overexpression in transgenic rice plants improved their drought tolerance. In contrast, OsNF-YA4 expression was not increased by drought stress and its overexpression in transgenic rice plants did not affect their sensitivity to drought stress. OsNF-YA4 expression was highly induced by the stress-related hormone abscisic acid (ABA), while OsNF-YA7 was not, indicating that OsNF-YA7 mediates drought tolerance in an ABA-independent manner. Analysis of the OsNF-YA7 promoter revealed three ABA-independent DRE/CTR elements and RNA-seq analysis identified 48 genes downstream of OsNFYA7 action putatively involved in the OsNF-YA7-mediated drought tolerance pathway. Taken together, our results suggest an important role for OsNF-YA7 in rice drought stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Keun Lee
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
| | - Hyung Il Kim
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
| | - Geupil Jang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, South Korea.
| | - Pil Joong Chung
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
| | - Jin Seo Jeong
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
| | - Youn Shic Kim
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
| | - Seung Woon Bang
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
| | - Harin Jung
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, South Korea.
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 25354, South Korea.
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Lee DK, Kim SV, Limansubroto AN, Yen A, Soundia A, Wang CY, Shi W, Hong C, Tetradis S, Kim Y, Park NH, Kang MK, Ho D. Nanodiamond-Gutta Percha Composite Biomaterials for Root Canal Therapy. ACS Nano 2015; 9:11490-501. [PMID: 26452304 PMCID: PMC4660386 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Root canal therapy (RCT) represents a standard of treatment that addresses infected pulp tissue in teeth and protects against future infection. RCT involves removing dental pulp comprising blood vessels and nerve tissue, decontaminating residually infected tissue through biomechanical instrumentation, and root canal obturation using a filler material to replace the space that was previously composed of dental pulp. Gutta percha (GP) is typically used as the filler material, as it is malleable, inert, and biocompatible. While filling the root canal space with GP is the standard of care for endodontic therapies, it has exhibited limitations including leakage, root canal reinfection, and poor mechanical properties. To address these challenges, clinicians have explored the use of alternative root filling materials other than GP. Among the classes of materials that are being explored as novel endodontic therapy platforms, nanodiamonds (NDs) may offer unique advantages due to their favorable properties, particularly for dental applications. These include versatile faceted surface chemistry, biocompatibility, and their role in improving mechanical properties, among others. This study developed a ND-embedded GP (NDGP) that was functionalized with amoxicillin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic commonly used for endodontic infection. Comprehensive materials characterization confirmed improved mechanical properties of NDGP over unmodified GP. In addition, digital radiography and microcomputed tomography imaging demonstrated that obturation of root canals with NDGP could be achieved using clinically relevant techniques. Furthermore, bacterial growth inhibition assays confirmed drug functionality of NDGP functionalized with amoxicillin. This study demonstrates a promising path toward NDGP implementation in future endodontic therapy for improved treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Keun Lee
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences-Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Division of Growth & Development-Section of Orthodontics, Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research Center, Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences-Section of Endodontics, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Laboratory Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sue Vin Kim
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences-Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Division of Growth & Development-Section of Orthodontics, Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research Center, Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences-Section of Endodontics, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Laboratory Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Adelheid Nerisa Limansubroto
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences-Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Division of Growth & Development-Section of Orthodontics, Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research Center, Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences-Section of Endodontics, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Laboratory Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Albert Yen
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Akrivoula Soundia
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences-Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Division of Growth & Development-Section of Orthodontics, Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research Center, Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences-Section of Endodontics, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Laboratory Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences-Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Division of Growth & Development-Section of Orthodontics, Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research Center, Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences-Section of Endodontics, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Laboratory Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wenyuan Shi
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences-Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Division of Growth & Development-Section of Orthodontics, Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research Center, Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences-Section of Endodontics, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Laboratory Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Christine Hong
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences-Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Division of Growth & Development-Section of Orthodontics, Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research Center, Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences-Section of Endodontics, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Laboratory Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sotirios Tetradis
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences-Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Division of Growth & Development-Section of Orthodontics, Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research Center, Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences-Section of Endodontics, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Laboratory Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yong Kim
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences-Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Division of Growth & Development-Section of Orthodontics, Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research Center, Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences-Section of Endodontics, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Laboratory Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- UCLA Broad Stem Cell Research Center, Box 957357, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - No-Hee Park
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences-Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Division of Growth & Development-Section of Orthodontics, Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research Center, Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences-Section of Endodontics, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Laboratory Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mo K. Kang
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences-Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Division of Growth & Development-Section of Orthodontics, Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research Center, Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences-Section of Endodontics, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Laboratory Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Dean Ho
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences-Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Division of Growth & Development-Section of Orthodontics, Laboratory of Stem Cell & Cancer Epigenetic Research, Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research Center, Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences-Section of Endodontics, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, and Laboratory Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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41
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Friesen PC, Peixoto MDM, Lee DK, Sage RF. Sub-zero cold tolerance of Spartina pectinata (prairie cordgrass) and Miscanthus × giganteus: candidate bioenergy crops for cool temperate climates. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:4403-13. [PMID: 25873680 PMCID: PMC4493780 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Miscanthus × giganteus grown in cool temperate regions of North America and Europe can exhibit severe mortality in the year after planting, and poor frost tolerance of leaves. Spartina pectinata (prairie cordgrass), a productive C4 perennial grass native to North America, has been suggested as an alternative biofuel feedstock for colder regions; however, its cold tolerance relative to M. × giganteus is uncertain. Here, we compare the cold tolerance thresholds for winter-dormant rhizomes and spring/summer leaves of M. × giganteus and three accessions of S. pectinata. All genotypes were planted at a field site in Ontario, Canada. In November and February, the temperatures corresponding to 50% rhizome mortality (LT(50)) were near -24°C for S. pectinata and -4°C for M. × giganteus. In late April, the LT50 of rhizomes rose to -10°C for S. pectinata but remained near -4°C for M. × giganteus. Twenty percent of the M. × giganteus rhizomes collected in late April were dead while S. pectinata rhizomes showed no signs of winter injury. Photosynthesis and electrolyte leakage measurements in spring and summer demonstrate that S. pectinata leaves have greater frost tolerance in the field. For example, S. pectinata leaves remained viable above -9°C while the mortality threshold was near -5°C for M. × giganteus. These results indicate M. × giganteus will be unsuitable for production in continental interiors of cool-temperate climate zones unless freezing and frost tolerance are improved. By contrast, S. pectinata has the freezing and frost tolerance required for a higher-latitude bioenergy crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Friesen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3B2
| | - Murilo de Melo Peixoto
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3B2
| | - D K Lee
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rowan F Sage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3B2
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Jung H, Lee DK, Choi YD, Kim JK. OsIAA6, a member of the rice Aux/IAA gene family, is involved in drought tolerance and tiller outgrowth. Plant Sci 2015; 236:304-12. [PMID: 26025543 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Auxin signaling is a fundamental part of many plant growth processes and stress responses and operates through Aux/IAA protein degradation and the transmission of the signal via auxin response factors (ARFs). A total of 31 Aux/IAA genes have been identified in rice (Oryza sativa), some of which are induced by drought stress. However, the mechanistic link between Aux/IAA expression and drought responses is not well understood. In this study we found that the rice Aux/IAA gene OsIAA6 is highly induced by drought stress and that its overexpression in transgenic rice improved drought tolerance, likely via the regulation of auxin biosynthesis genes. We observed that OsIAA6 was specifically expressed in the axillary meristem of the basal stem, which is the tissue that gives rise to tillers. A knock-down mutant of OsIAA6 showed abnormal tiller outgrowth, apparently due to the regulation of the auxin transporter OsPIN1 and the rice tillering inhibitor OsTB1. Our results confirm that the OsIAA6 gene is involved in drought stress responses and the control of tiller outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harin Jung
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Keun Lee
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Republic of Korea.
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43
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Low WC, Rujitanaroj PO, Lee DK, Kuang J, Messersmith PB, Chan JKY, Chew SY. Mussel-Inspired Modification of Nanofibers for REST siRNA Delivery: Understanding the Effects of Gene-Silencing and Substrate Topography on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Neuronal Commitment. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:1457-68. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ching Low
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637459
| | - Pim-On Rujitanaroj
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637459
| | - Dong-Keun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Northwestern University, Evanston; Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Jinghao Kuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Northwestern University, Evanston; Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Phillip B. Messersmith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Northwestern University, Evanston; Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Jerry Kok Yen Chan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine; KK Women's and Children's Hospital; 100 Bukit Timah Road Singapore 229899
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637459
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 308232
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44
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Kim SM, Guo J, Kwak S, Jin YS, Lee DK, Singh V. Effects of genetic variation and growing condition of prairie cordgrass on feedstock composition and ethanol yield. Bioresour Technol 2015; 183:70-77. [PMID: 25723129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata L.) has the potential to be a feedstock for bioethanol. It is native to North America, and has extensive genetic diversity. Eleven natural populations of prairie cordgrass harvested in 2011 and 2012 were studied. Compositions of the samples showed significant differences within the same year, and between the two years. Two highest, one medium and two lowest glucan concentration samples from each year were selected to evaluate ethanol yield after dilute acid pretreatment and simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation using Saccharomycescerevisiae SR8 that can ferment both glucose and xylose. Up to 88% of theoretical ethanol yields were achieved. Our research demonstrates the potential of prairie cordgrass as a dedicated energy crop with ethanol yields of 205.0-275.6 g/kg biomass and 1748-4368 L/ha, depending on feedstock composition and biomass yield. These ethanol yields are comparable with those of switchgrass, corn stover and bagasse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Min Kim
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Suryang Kwak
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - D K Lee
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Vijay Singh
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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Wang H, Lee DK, Chen KY, Chen JY, Zhang K, Silva A, Ho CM, Ho D. Mechanism-independent optimization of combinatorial nanodiamond and unmodified drug delivery using a phenotypically driven platform technology. ACS Nano 2015; 9:3332-3344. [PMID: 25689511 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Combination chemotherapy can mediate drug synergy to improve treatment efficacy against a broad spectrum of cancers. However, conventional multidrug regimens are often additively determined, which have long been believed to enable good cancer-killing efficiency but are insufficient to address the nonlinearity in dosing. Despite improved clinical outcomes by combination treatment, multi-objective combination optimization, which takes into account tumor heterogeneity and balance of efficacy and toxicity, remains challenging given the sheer magnitude of the combinatorial dosing space. To enhance the properties of the therapeutic agents, the field of nanomedicine has realized novel drug delivery platforms that can enhance therapeutic efficacy and safety. However, optimal combination design that incorporates nanomedicine agents still faces the same hurdles as unmodified drug administration. The work reported here applied a powerful phenotypically driven platform, termed feedback system control (FSC), that systematically and rapidly converges upon a combination consisting of three nanodiamond-modified drugs and one unmodified drug that is simultaneously optimized for efficacy against multiple breast cancer cell lines and safety against multiple control cell lines. Specifically, the therapeutic window achieved from an optimally efficacious and safe nanomedicine combination was markedly higher compared to that of an optimized unmodified drug combination and nanodiamond monotherapy or unmodified drug administration. The phenotypically driven foundation of FSC implementation does not require any cellular signaling pathway data and innately accounts for population heterogeneity and nonlinear biological processes. Therefore, FSC is a broadly applicable platform for both nanotechnology-modified and unmodified therapeutic optimizations that represent a promising path toward phenotypic personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hann Wang
- †Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, ‡Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, §The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, ∥California NanoSystems Institute, ⊥Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, #Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ¶Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Dong-Keun Lee
- †Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, ‡Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, §The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, ∥California NanoSystems Institute, ⊥Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, #Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ¶Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kai-Yu Chen
- †Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, ‡Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, §The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, ∥California NanoSystems Institute, ⊥Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, #Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ¶Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jing-Yao Chen
- †Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, ‡Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, §The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, ∥California NanoSystems Institute, ⊥Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, #Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ¶Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kangyi Zhang
- †Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, ‡Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, §The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, ∥California NanoSystems Institute, ⊥Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, #Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ¶Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Aleidy Silva
- †Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, ‡Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, §The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, ∥California NanoSystems Institute, ⊥Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, #Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ¶Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chih-Ming Ho
- †Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, ‡Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, §The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, ∥California NanoSystems Institute, ⊥Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, #Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ¶Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Dean Ho
- †Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, ‡Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, §The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, ∥California NanoSystems Institute, ⊥Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, #Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ¶Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Toh TB, Lee DK, Hou W, Abdullah LN, Nguyen J, Ho D, Chow EKH. Nanodiamond-mitoxantrone complexes enhance drug retention in chemoresistant breast cancer cells. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:2683-91. [PMID: 24867631 PMCID: PMC4216229 DOI: 10.1021/mp5001108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Chemoresistance is a prevalent issue
that accounts for the vast
majority of treatment failure outcomes in metastatic cancer. Among
the mechanisms of resistance that markedly decrease treatment efficacy,
the efflux of drug compounds by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter
proteins can impair adequate drug retention by cancer cells required
for therapeutic cytotoxic activity. Of note, ABC transporters are
capable of effluxing several classes of drugs that are clinical standards,
including the anthracyclines such as doxorubicin, as well as anthracenediones
such as mitoxantrone. To address this challenge, a spectrum of nanomaterials
has been evaluated for improved drug retention and enhanced efficacy.
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are emerging as a promising nanomaterial platform
because they integrate several important properties into a single
agent. These include a uniquely faceted truncated octahedral architecture
that enables potent drug binding and dispersibility in water, scalably
processed ND particles with uniform diameters of approximately 5 nm,
and a demonstrated ability to improve drug tolerance while delaying
tumor growth in multiple preclinical models, among others. This work
describes a ND–mitoxantrone complex that can be rapidly synthesized
and mediates marked improvements in drug efficacy. Comprehensive complex
characterization reveals a complex with favorable drug delivery properties
that is capable of improving drug retention and efficacy in an MDA-MB-231-luc-D3H2LN
(MDA-MB-231) triple negative breast cancer cell line that was lentivirally
transduced for resistance against mitoxantrone. Findings from this
study support the further evaluation of ND–MTX in preclinical
dose escalation and safety studies toward potentially clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan-Boon Toh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore
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Lee IH, Sohn M, Lim HJ, Yoon S, Oh H, Shin S, Shin JH, Oh SH, Kim J, Lee DK, Noh DY, Bae DS, Seong JK, Bae YS. Ahnak functions as a tumor suppressor via modulation of TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway. Oncogene 2014; 33:4675-84. [PMID: 24662814 PMCID: PMC4180639 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We provide detailed mechanisms of Ahnak-mediated potentiation of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling, which leads to a negative regulation of cell growth. We show that Smad3 interacts with Ahnak through MH2 domain and that Ahnak stimulates Smad3 localization into nucleus leading to potentiating TGFβ-induced transcriptional activity of R-Smad. Moreover, overexpression of Ahnak resulted in growth retardation and cell cycle arrest through downregulation of c-Myc and cyclin D1/D2. We describe results from analyses of Ahnak−/− mouse model expressing middle T antigen in a mammary gland-specific manner (MMTVTg/+Ahnak−/−), which showed significantly progressed hyperplasia of mammary glands compared with MMTVTg/+Ahnak+/+. Finally, we screened multiple human breast cancer tissues and showed that the expression of Ahnak in cancer tissues is lower than that in control tissues by 50%. Taken together, these data indicate that Ahnak mediates a negative regulation of cell growth and acts as novel tumor suppressor through potentiation of TGFβ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- I H Lee
- Department of Life Sciences and GT5 program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - M Sohn
- Department of Life Sciences and GT5 program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Lim
- Department of Life Sciences and GT5 program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Yoon
- Department of Life Sciences and GT5 program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Oh
- Department of Life Sciences and GT5 program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Shin
- Department of Life Sciences and GT5 program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Shin
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-H Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Life Sciences and GT5 program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - D K Lee
- Department of Life Sciences and GT5 program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - D Y Noh
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - D S Bae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Hospital, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J K Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y S Bae
- Department of Life Sciences and GT5 program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Tsuchiya T, Itoi T, Sofuni A, Itokawa F, Lee DK. Biliary duct-to-duct anastomosis using magnets in a Billroth II gastrectomy patient. Endoscopy 2014; 45 Suppl 2 UCTN:E243-4. [PMID: 24008446 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1310071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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