1
|
Tang C, Li X, Hu Y, Du X, Wang S, Chen B, Wang S. Porphyrin-Based Metal-Organic Framework Materials: Design, Construction, and Application in the Field of Photocatalysis. Molecules 2024; 29:467. [PMID: 38257379 PMCID: PMC10819500 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a novel category of porous crystalline materials with an exceptionally high surface area and adjustable pore structure. They possess a designable composition and can be easily functionalized with different units. Porphyrins with conjugated tetrapyrrole macrocyclic structures can absorb light from ultraviolet to visible light regions, and their structures and properties can be facilely regulated by altering their peripheral groups or central metal ions. Porphyrin-based MOFs constructed from porphyrin ligands and metal nodes combine the unique features of porphyrins and MOFs as well as overcoming their respective limitations. This paper reviewed the design and construction, light absorption and charge transfer pathways, and strategy for improving the photocatalytic performance of porphyrin-based MOFs, and highlighted the recent progress in the field of CO2 reduction, hydrogen evolution, organic synthesis, organic pollutant removal, and nitrogen fixation. The intrinsic relationships between the structure and the property of porphyrin-based MOFs received special attention, especially the relationships between the arrangements of porphyrin ligands and metal nods and the charge transfer mechanism. We attempted to provide more valuable information for the design and construction of advanced photocatalysts in the future. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of the porphyrin-based MOFs are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shengjie Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China; (C.T.); (X.L.); (Y.H.); (X.D.); (S.W.); (B.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dhiman V, Singh S, Srivastava V, Garg S, Saran AD. Nanomaterials for photo-electrochemical water splitting: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-30629-y. [PMID: 37906330 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30629-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, the global rise in energy demand has prompted researchers to investigate the energy requirements from alternative green fuels apart from the conventional fossil fuels, due to the surge in CO2 emission levels. In this context, the global demand for hydrogen is anticipated to extend by 4-5% in the next 5 years. Different production technologies like gasification of coal, partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, and reforming of natural gas are used to obtain high yields of hydrogen. In present time, 96% of hydrogen is produced by the conventional methods, and the remaining 4% is produced by the electrolysis of water. Photo-electrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising and progressive solar-to-hydrogen pathway with high conversion efficiency at low operating temperatures with substrate electrodes such as fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), incorporated with photocatalytic nanomaterials. Several semiconducting nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, TiO2, ZnO, graphene, alpha-Fe2O3, WO3, metal nitrides, metal phosphides, cadmium-based quantum dots, and rods have been reported for PEC water splitting. The design of photocatalytic electrodes plays a crucial role for efficient PEC water splitting process. By modifying the composition and morphology of photocatalytic nanomaterials, the overall solar-to-hydrogen (STH) energy conversion efficiency can be improved by optimizing their opto-electronic properties. The present article highlights the recent advancements in cleaner and effective photocatalysts for producing high yields of hydrogen via PEC water splitting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Dhiman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, 144008, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, 144008, Punjab, India
| | - Varsha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, 144008, Punjab, India
| | - Sangeeta Garg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, 144008, Punjab, India
| | - Amit D Saran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, 144008, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Casadevall C, Lage A, Mu M, Greer HF, Antón-García D, Butt JN, Jeuken LJC, Watson GW, García-Melchor M, Reisner E. Size-dependent activity of carbon dots for photocatalytic H 2 generation in combination with a molecular Ni cocatalyst. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15775-15784. [PMID: 37740380 PMCID: PMC10551879 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03300g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are low-cost light-absorbers in photocatalytic multicomponent systems, but their wide size distribution has hampered rational design and the identification of the factors that lead to their best performance. To address this challenge, we report herein the use of gel filtration size exclusion chromatography to separate amorphous, graphitic, and graphitic N-doped CDs depending on their lateral size to study the effect of their size on photocatalytic H2 evolution with a DuBois-type Ni cocatalyst. Transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering confirm the size-dependent separation of the CDs, whereas UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy of the more monodisperse fractions show a distinct response which computational modelling attributes to a complex interplay between CD size and optical properties. A size-dependent effect on the photocatalytic H2 evolution performance of the CDs in combination with a molecular Ni cocatalyst is demonstrated with a maximum activity at approximately 2-3 nm CD diameter. Overall, size separation leads to a two-fold increase in the specific photocatalytic activity for H2 evolution using the monodisperse CDs compared to the as synthesized polydisperse samples, highlighting the size-dependent effect on photocatalytic performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Casadevall
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Ava Lage
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Manting Mu
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Heather F Greer
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Daniel Antón-García
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Julea N Butt
- School of Chemistry and School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Lars J C Jeuken
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Graeme W Watson
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Max García-Melchor
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bishwal L, Kar S, Bhattacharyya S. Role of Noncovalent Interactions in N,P-Functionalized Luminescent Carbon Dots for Ultrasensitive Detection of Moisture in D 2O: Boosting Visible-NIR Light Sensitivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:15907-15916. [PMID: 36919901 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
It is highly desirable to design cost-efficient and eco-friendly fluorometric sensors that can efficiently detect water contamination in D2O and other expensive organic solvents. Herein, we have synthesized N,P-codoped carbon dots (N,P-CDs) from o-phenylene diamine (o-PDA) and H3PO4 through the bottom-up carbonization method. Heteroatom co-doping increases the absorption cross section in the visible-NIR range, followed by the formation of stable emissive states in longer-wavelength regions. We have critically investigated the noncovalent interactions (especially H-bonding interactions) of various surface functional groups with surrounding solvent media through a detailed structure-property correlation. Based on the sensitivity of noncovalent H-bonding interactions to the stability of longer-wavelength emissive domains, we have utilized these N,P-CDs as cost-effective fluorometric sensors of water/moisture contamination in D2O especially under visible-NIR light; the optical sensitivity reaches up to 0.1 volume (%) level. The detailed sensing mechanism has been further supported by a computational study through a simple visualization approach by mapping and analyzing all possible noncovalent interactions between the CDs and the solvent medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lopamudra Bishwal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Berhampur, Odisha 760010, India
| | - Subhajit Kar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Berhampur, Odisha 760010, India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Berhampur, Odisha 760010, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
An Insight into Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Photocatalytic Water Splitting for Green Hydrogen Production. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, the energy shortage and environmental pollution are the burning global issues. For centuries, fossil fuels have been used to meet worldwide energy demand. However, thousands of tons of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned, contributing to global warming. Therefore, green energy must replace fossil fuels, and hydrogen is a prime choice. Photocatalytic water splitting (PWS) under solar irradiation could address energy and environmental problems. In the past decade, solar photocatalysts have been used to manufacture sustainable fuels. Scientists are working to synthesize a reliable, affordable, and light-efficient photocatalyst. Developing efficient photocatalysts for water redox reactions in suspension is a key to solar energy conversion. Semiconductor nanoparticles can be used as photocatalysts to accelerate redox reactions to generate chemical fuel or electricity. Carbon materials are substantial photocatalysts for total WS under solar irradiation due to their high activity, high stability, low cost, easy production, and structural diversity. Carbon-based materials such as graphene, graphene oxide, graphitic carbon nitride, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and carbon quantum dots can be used as semiconductors, photosensitizers, cocatalysts, and support materials. This review comprehensively explains how carbon-based composite materials function as photocatalytic semiconductors for hydrogen production, the water-splitting mechanism, and the chemistry of redox reactions. Also, how heteroatom doping, defects and surface functionalities, etc., can influence the efficiency of carbon photocatalysts in H2 production. The challenges faced in the PWS process and future prospects are briefly discussed.
Collapse
|
6
|
Deshmukh MA, Park SJ, Thorat HN, Bodkhe GA, Ramanavicius A, Ramanavicius S, Shirsat MD, Ha TJ. Advanced Energy Materials: Current Trends and Challenges in Electro- and Photo-Catalysts for H2O Splitting. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
7
|
Bai MMG, Bramhaiah K, Bhattacharyya S, Rao RM. Acid‐Modulated Synthesis of Novel π‐Conjugated Microporous Polymers for Efficient Metal‐Free Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202023. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika M. G. Bai
- Department of Chemistry IIT Dharwad Dharwad Karnataka 580011 India
| | - K. Bramhaiah
- Department of Chemical Sciences IISER Berhampur Transit Campus (Govt. ITI Building) Engg. School Road Berhampur Odisha 760010 India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical Sciences IISER Berhampur Transit Campus (Govt. ITI Building) Engg. School Road Berhampur Odisha 760010 India
| | - Rajeswara M. Rao
- Department of Chemistry IIT Dharwad Dharwad Karnataka 580011 India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chatenet M, Pollet BG, Dekel DR, Dionigi F, Deseure J, Millet P, Braatz RD, Bazant MZ, Eikerling M, Staffell I, Balcombe P, Shao-Horn Y, Schäfer H. Water electrolysis: from textbook knowledge to the latest scientific strategies and industrial developments. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4583-4762. [PMID: 35575644 PMCID: PMC9332215 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01079k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Replacing fossil fuels with energy sources and carriers that are sustainable, environmentally benign, and affordable is amongst the most pressing challenges for future socio-economic development. To that goal, hydrogen is presumed to be the most promising energy carrier. Electrocatalytic water splitting, if driven by green electricity, would provide hydrogen with minimal CO2 footprint. The viability of water electrolysis still hinges on the availability of durable earth-abundant electrocatalyst materials and the overall process efficiency. This review spans from the fundamentals of electrocatalytically initiated water splitting to the very latest scientific findings from university and institutional research, also covering specifications and special features of the current industrial processes and those processes currently being tested in large-scale applications. Recently developed strategies are described for the optimisation and discovery of active and durable materials for electrodes that ever-increasingly harness first-principles calculations and machine learning. In addition, a technoeconomic analysis of water electrolysis is included that allows an assessment of the extent to which a large-scale implementation of water splitting can help to combat climate change. This review article is intended to cross-pollinate and strengthen efforts from fundamental understanding to technical implementation and to improve the 'junctions' between the field's physical chemists, materials scientists and engineers, as well as stimulate much-needed exchange among these groups on challenges encountered in the different domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Chatenet
- University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering and Management University Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Bruno G Pollet
- Hydrogen Energy and Sonochemistry Research group, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Green Hydrogen Lab, Institute for Hydrogen Research (IHR), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Dario R Dekel
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Fabio Dionigi
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Deseure
- University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering and Management University Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre Millet
- Paris-Saclay University, ICMMO (UMR 8182), 91400 Orsay, France
- Elogen, 8 avenue du Parana, 91940 Les Ulis, France
| | - Richard D Braatz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Martin Z Bazant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Michael Eikerling
- Chair of Theory and Computation of Energy Materials, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Intzestraße 5, 52072 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-13: Modelling and Simulation of Materials in Energy Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Iain Staffell
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Balcombe
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Renewable Energy, School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Research Laboratory of Electronics and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Helmut Schäfer
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, The Electrochemical Energy and Catalysis Group, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou W, Lu S, Chen X. Anionic donor-acceptor conjugated polymer dots/g-C 3N 4 nanosheets heterojunction: High efficiency and excellent stability for co-catalyst-free photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 608:912-921. [PMID: 34785466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have assembled an anionic donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated polyelectrolyte dots (Pdots), based on bithiophene units-containing backbone and sulfonate modified side chain (PCP-2F-Li), with porous g-C3N4 nanosheets (CNNS) into a new 0D/2D heterojunction (PCP-2F-Li Pdots/CNNS). The well-matched energy levels of PCP-2F-Li and CNNS and the strong electron-donating sulfinates in PCP-2F-Li can significantly accelerate the interfacial electron transfer in heterojunction, while the strong hydrophilicity of PCP-2F-Li can improve the interface wetting and promote the photocatalytic water-splitting. As such, PCP-2F-Li Pdots/CNNS can be used for efficient co-catalyst-free water splitting with a hydrogen evolution rate (HER) of 1932.1 μmol·h-1·g-1 over 6 runs, which is 1.85 and 2.29 times of hydrophobic F8T2 Pdots/CNNS and Pt-assisted CNNS, respectively. The apparent quantum yield (AQY) of PCP-2F-Li Pdots/CNNS can reach 7.87 %, 7.73 % and 5.60 % at 420, 450 and 475 nm, respectively. The findings highlight a new type of the Pdots-assisted heterojunctions for high-efficiency and durable co-catalyst-free water splitting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Shaolin Lu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ahmed I, Biswas R, Singh H, Patil RA, Varshney R, Patra D, Ma YR, Haldar KK. Green synthesis of hybrid papain/Ni 3(PO 4) 2 rods electrocatalyst for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03700a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An eco-friendly approach was used to produce the binary papain/Ni3(PO4)2 in the presence of papain, which is derived from green papaya fruits. Rod shape Papain/Ni3(PO4)2 showed excellent OER activities in alkaline, neutral and acidic media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | | | - Harjinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Ranjit A. Patil
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Rohit Varshney
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, 160062, India
| | - Debabrata Patra
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, 160062, India
| | - Yuan-Ron Ma
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Valiey E, Dekamin MG. Pyromellitic diamide-diacid bridged mesoporous organosilica nanospheres with controllable morphologies: a novel PMO for the facile and expeditious synthesis of imidazole derivatives. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 4:294-308. [PMID: 36132961 PMCID: PMC9418939 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00738f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, novel pyromellitic diamide-diacid bridged mesoporous organosilica (PMAMOS) nanospheres with controllable morphologies and Brønsted acid catalytic centers were designed and prepared through a convenient method by altering the addition sequence of precursors, solvent, and aging time. The obtained PMAMOSs demonstrate high surface areas and uniform pore sizes. FESEM, HRTEM, BET, EDX, XRD, FTIR and TGA analyses were performed to characterize and examine the effective factors for the preparation of PMAMOS nanospheres. Due to the appropriate physicochemical properties including Brønsted acid centers, suitable surface area and thermal stability of the PMAMOS nanosphere material, it was explored in the three-component reaction of benzyl or benzoin, ammonium acetate, and different aldehyde derivatives as a case study of multicomponent reactions. Corresponding imidazole derivatives were obtained in EtOH under reflux conditions in high to quantitative yields and short reaction times. It was also shown that the heterogeneous solid acid can be reused at least five times with negligible loss of its catalytic activity, indicating the appropriate stability and high activity of the newly introduced mesoporous organosilica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Valiey
- Pharmaceutical and Heterocyclic Compounds Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Iran
| | - Mohammad G Dekamin
- Pharmaceutical and Heterocyclic Compounds Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Centi G, Perathoner S. Nanocarbon for Energy Material Applications: N 2 Reduction Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007055. [PMID: 33682312 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarbons are an important class of energy materials and one relevant application is for the nitrogen reduction reaction, i.e., the direct synthesis of NH3 from N2 and H2 O via photo- and electrocatalytic approaches. Ammonia is also a valuable energy or hydrogen vector. This perspective paper analyses developments in the field, limiting discussion to nanocarbon-based electrodes. These aspects are discussed: i) active sites related to charge density differences on C atoms associated to defects/strains, ii) doping with heteroatoms, iii) introduction of isolated metal ions, iv) creation and in situ dynamics of metal oxide(hydroxide)/nanocarbon boundaries, and v) nanocarbon characteristics to control the interface. Discussion is focused on the performances and mechanistic aspects. Aim is not a systematic state-of-the-art report but to highlight the need to use a different perspective in studying this challenging reaction by using selected papers. Notwithstanding the large differences in the proposed nature of the active sites, fall all within a restricted range of performances, far from the targets. A holistic approach is emphasized to make a breakthrough advance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Centi
- Departments ChiBioFarAm and MIFT, University of Messina and ERIC aisbl, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Siglinda Perathoner
- Departments ChiBioFarAm and MIFT, University of Messina and ERIC aisbl, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, Messina, 98166, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bhuyan R, Bramhaiah K, Bhattacharyya S. Specific locations of blue and green-emitting units in dual emissive carbon dots and their reversible emitting properties due to switchable inter-chromophoric interactions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 605:364-372. [PMID: 34332410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are the unique class of luminescent nanomaterials consist of various chromophoric units heterogeneously distributed throughout the nanoparticle, resulting intriguing multistate emissive properties. Herein, we have critically investigated the specific locations of the blue and green-emitting centers inside dual emissive CDs by steady-state and time-resolved polarized emission study. It is further clarified by a temperature-dependent fluorescence study for both the emitting domains. Results suggest that the blue chromophoric units are located at the interior part of CDs, while green units are mostly at the exterior region. Furthermore, we have investigated the solvent-dependent inter-chromophoric interactions between the two emissive domains by the Time-Resolved Area Normalized Emission Spectroscopy (TRANES). Results suggest that at polar aprotic solvent acetone, time-dependent positive evolution of green-emitting states and negative evolution of blue emissive domains have been observed. This reversible emitting properties evolve due to the excited state energy migration from blue emissive domains to green emissive domains at polar aprotic medium, while in the case of polar protic solvent water, this phenomenon is missing. This switchable inter-chromophoric interaction are correlated further with the inter-particle interactions of CDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Govt. ITI Building (transit campus), Engg. School Road, Berhampur, Odisha 760010 India
| | - Kommula Bramhaiah
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Govt. ITI Building (transit campus), Engg. School Road, Berhampur, Odisha 760010 India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharyya
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Govt. ITI Building (transit campus), Engg. School Road, Berhampur, Odisha 760010 India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lien HT, Chang YC, Huang CY, Hsu HC, Chang ST, Wong DP, Wang CH, Wang CH, Chen KH, Chen LC. Solar to hydrocarbon production using metal-free water-soluble bulk heterojunction of conducting polymer nanoparticle and graphene oxide. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:164707. [PMID: 33940797 DOI: 10.1063/5.0042716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This work demonstrates the first example of interfacial manipulation in a hybrid photocatalyst based on poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) nanoparticle and graphene oxide (GO) bulk heterojunctions to efficiently reduce CO2 into selective industrial hydrocarbons under gas-phase reaction and visible-light illumination. High selectivity of chemical products (methanol and acetaldehyde) was observed. Moreover, the hybrid photocatalyst's solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency was 13.5 times higher than that of pure GO. The increased production yield stems from the co-catalytic and sensitizing role of P3HT in the hybrid system due to its ability to extend light absorption to the visible range and improve interfacial charge transfer to GO. The hybrid P3HT-GO formed a type II heterojunction, and its static and dynamic exciton behaviors were examined using fluorescence spectroscopy and exciton lifetime mapping. A reduced fluorescence decay time was observed by interfacial manipulation for improved dispersion, indicating a more efficient charge transfer from the excited P3HT to GO. Thus, the conducting polymer nanoparticles, 2D nanocarbon, have demonstrated superior performance as a metal-free, non-toxic, low-cost, and scalable heterogeneous photocatalyst for CO2 reduction to solar fuel, a solid-gas system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Ting Lien
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chung Chang
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Cheng Hsu
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sun-Tang Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Deniz P Wong
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsin Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hao Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Hsien Chen
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chyong Chen
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kar S, Bramhaiah K, John NS, Bhattacharyya S. Insight into the Multistate Emissive N, P‐doped Carbon Nano‐Onions: Emerging Visible‐Light Absorption for Photocatalysis. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1138-1149. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Kar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Transit Campus (Govt. ITI Building) Engg. School Road Berhampur, Odisha 760010 India
| | - Kommula Bramhaiah
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Transit Campus (Govt. ITI Building) Engg. School Road Berhampur, Odisha 760010 India
| | - Neena S. John
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences Prof. U. R. Road Jalahalli, Bangalore 560010 India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Transit Campus (Govt. ITI Building) Engg. School Road Berhampur, Odisha 760010 India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chawla H, Chandra A, Ingole PP, Garg S. Recent advancements in enhancement of photocatalytic activity using bismuth-based metal oxides Bi2MO6 (M = W, Mo, Cr) for environmental remediation and clean energy production. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
17
|
Zhang X, Li Z, Xu S, Ruan Y. Carbon quantum dot-sensitized hollow TiO 2 spheres for high-performance visible light photocatalysis. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00501d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
TiO2/CQD composites were synthesized through carbon quantum dots covalently attached to the surface of hollow TiO2 spheres for visible light photocatalytic degradation of organics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Silicon-based Materials and School of Material and Chemical Engineering
- Bengbu University
- Bengbu 233030
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zongqun Li
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Silicon-based Materials and School of Material and Chemical Engineering
- Bengbu University
- Bengbu 233030
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shaowen Xu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Silicon-based Materials and School of Material and Chemical Engineering
- Bengbu University
- Bengbu 233030
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yaowen Ruan
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Silicon-based Materials and School of Material and Chemical Engineering
- Bengbu University
- Bengbu 233030
- People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|