1
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Höffgen KS, Dabel J, Konken CP, Depke DA, Hermann S, Dörner W, Schelhaas S, Schäfers M, Mootz HD. Combining poly-epitope MoonTags and labeled nanobodies for signal amplification in cell-specific PET imaging in vivo. Nucl Med Biol 2024; 136-137:108937. [PMID: 38964257 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2024.108937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Immunorecognition provides an excellent basis for targeted imaging techniques covering a wide range from basic research to diagnostics and from single cells to whole organisms. Fluorescence- or radioisotope-labeled antibodies, antibody fragments or nanobodies enable a direct signal readout upon binding and allow for versatile imaging from microscopy to whole-body imaging. However, as the signal intensity directly correlates with the number of labeled antibodies bound to their epitopes (1:1 binding), sensitivity for low-expressing epitopes can be limiting for visualization. For the first time, we developed poly-epitope tags with multiple copies (1 to 7) of a short peptide epitope, specifically the MoonTag, that are recognized by a labeled nanobody and aimed at signal amplification in microscopy and cell-specific PET imaging. In transiently transfected HeLa cells or stably transduced A4573 cells we characterized complex formation and in vitro signal amplification. Indeed, using fluorescently and radioactively labeled nanobodies we found an approximately linear signal amplification with increasing numbers of epitope copies in vitro. To test the poly-epitope approach in vivo, A4573 tumor cells were injected subcutaneously into the shoulder of NSG mice, with A4573 tumor cells expressing a poly-epitope of 7 MoonTags on one side and WT cells on the other side. Using a [68Ga]-labeled NODAGA-conjugated MoonTag nanobody, we performed PET/CT imaging at day 8-9 after tumor implantation. Specific binding of a [68Ga]-labeled NODAGA-conjugated MoonTag nanobody was observed in 7xMoonTag tumors (1.7 ± 0.5%ID/mL) by PET imaging, showing significantly higher radiotracer accumulation compared to the WT tumors (1.1 ± 0.3%ID/mL; p < 0.01). Ex vivo gamma counter measurements confirmed significantly higher uptake in 7xMoonTag tumors compared to WT tumors (p < 0.001). In addition, MoonTag nanobody binding was detected by autoradiography which was spatially matched with histological analysis of the tumor tissues. In conclusion, we expect nanobody-based poly-epitope tag strategies to be widely applicable for multimodal imaging techniques given the advantageous properties of nanobodies and their amenability to genetic and chemical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Dabel
- University of Münster, European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Münster, Germany
| | - Christian P Konken
- University of Münster, European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Münster, Germany; University Hospital Münster, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Dominic A Depke
- University of Münster, European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Hermann
- University of Münster, European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dörner
- University of Münster, Institute of Biochemistry, Münster, Germany
| | - Sonja Schelhaas
- University of Münster, European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- University of Münster, European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Münster, Germany; University Hospital Münster, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Münster, Germany.
| | - Henning D Mootz
- University of Münster, Institute of Biochemistry, Münster, Germany.
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2
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Huang J, Zu Y, Zhang L, Cui W. Progress in Procalcitonin Detection Based on Immunoassay. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0345. [PMID: 38711476 PMCID: PMC11070848 DOI: 10.34133/research.0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Procalcitonin (PCT) serves as a crucial biomarker utilized in diverse clinical contexts, including sepsis diagnosis and emergency departments. Its applications extend to identifying pathogens, assessing infection severity, guiding drug administration, and implementing theranostic strategies. However, current clinical deployed methods cannot meet the needs for accurate or real-time quantitative monitoring of PCT. This review aims to introduce these emerging PCT immunoassay technologies, focusing on analyzing their advantages in improving detection performances, such as easy operation and high precision. The fundamental principles and characteristics of state-of-the-art methods are first introduced, including chemiluminescence, immunofluorescence, latex-enhanced turbidity, enzyme-linked immunosorbent, colloidal gold immunochromatography, and radioimmunoassay. Then, improved methods using new materials and new technologies are briefly described, for instance, the combination with responsive nanomaterials, Raman spectroscopy, and digital microfluidics. Finally, the detection performance parameters of these methods and the clinical importance of PCT detection are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy,
Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health); Wenzhou Institute,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Lexiang Zhang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health); Wenzhou Institute,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine,
the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, P.R. China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy,
Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases,
Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics,Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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3
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Pesce L, Ricci P, Sportelli G, Belcari N, Sancataldo G. Expansion and Light-Sheet Microscopy for Nanoscale 3D Imaging. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301715. [PMID: 38461540 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Expansion Microscopy (ExM) and Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy (LSFM) are forefront imaging techniques that enable high-resolution visualization of biological specimens. ExM enhances nanoscale investigation using conventional fluorescence microscopes, while LSFM offers rapid, minimally invasive imaging over large volumes. This review explores the joint advancements of ExM and LSFM, focusing on the excellent performance of the integrated modality obtained from the combination of the two, which is refer to as ExLSFM. In doing so, the chemical processes required for ExM, the tailored optical setup of LSFM for examining expanded samples, and the adjustments in sample preparation for accurate data collection are emphasized. It is delve into various specimen types studied using this integrated method and assess its potential for future applications. The goal of this literature review is to enrich the comprehension of ExM and LSFM, encouraging their wider use and ongoing development, looking forward to the upcoming challenges, and anticipating innovations in these imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pesce
- Department of Physics - Enrico Fermi, University of Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo, 3, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Pietro Ricci
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès, 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Giancarlo Sportelli
- Department of Physics - Enrico Fermi, University of Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo, 3, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Nicola Belcari
- Department of Physics - Enrico Fermi, University of Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo, 3, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sancataldo
- Department of Physics - Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 18, Palermo, 90128, Italy
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4
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Klimas A, Gallagher BR, Wijesekara P, Fekir S, DiBernardo EF, Cheng Z, Stolz DB, Cambi F, Watkins SC, Brody SL, Horani A, Barth AL, Moore CI, Ren X, Zhao Y. Magnify is a universal molecular anchoring strategy for expansion microscopy. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:858-869. [PMID: 36593399 PMCID: PMC10264239 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01546-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Expansion microscopy enables nanoimaging with conventional microscopes by physically and isotropically magnifying preserved biological specimens embedded in a crosslinked water-swellable hydrogel. Current expansion microscopy protocols require prior treatment with reactive anchoring chemicals to link specific labels and biomolecule classes to the gel. We describe a strategy called Magnify, which uses a mechanically sturdy gel that retains nucleic acids, proteins and lipids without the need for a separate anchoring step. Magnify expands biological specimens up to 11 times and facilitates imaging of cells and tissues with effectively around 25-nm resolution using a diffraction-limited objective lens of about 280 nm on conventional optical microscopes or with around 15 nm effective resolution if combined with super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging. We demonstrate Magnify on a broad range of biological specimens, providing insight into nanoscopic subcellular structures, including synaptic proteins from mouse brain, podocyte foot processes in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human kidney and defects in cilia and basal bodies in drug-treated human lung organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Klimas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brendan R Gallagher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Piyumi Wijesekara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sinda Fekir
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Emma F DiBernardo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhangyu Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Franca Cambi
- Veterans Administration Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology/PIND, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven L Brody
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amjad Horani
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alison L Barth
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christopher I Moore
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Xi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yongxin Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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5
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Huang Y, Li S, Bhethanabotla V. Combining plasmon-enhanced fluorescence with Rayleigh surface acoustic waves to quantify Carcinoembryonic Antigen from human plasma. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 219:114822. [PMID: 36279823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To improve the direct quantification of Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) from body fluids by immunofluorescence, a surface acoustic wave (SAW) based biosensor was developed combined with an optimized silver nanostructure at the sensing region. Fluorescence signal amplification is achieved by patterning silver nanostructures using the rapid thermal annealing (RTA) method. In addition, the problem of background noise interference from nonspecific binding in human plasma is addressed by Rayleigh wave streaming at the immunoassay region, which shows a reduction in the limit of detection. The results show that the silver nanostructures significantly increase the sensor sensitivity by 49.99-fold and lower the limit of detection of CEA in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution to 101.94 pg/mL. The limit of detection of CEA biomarker in human plasma was successfully brought down to 11.81 ng/mL by reducing background noise using Rayleigh SAW streaming. This allows for a point-of-need sensor system to be realized in various clinical biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Huang
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Shuangming Li
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Venkat Bhethanabotla
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
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6
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Shi L, Klimas A, Gallagher B, Cheng Z, Fu F, Wijesekara P, Miao Y, Ren X, Zhao Y, Min W. Super-Resolution Vibrational Imaging Using Expansion Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200315. [PMID: 35521971 PMCID: PMC9284179 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is an emerging technology that provides high chemical specificity for endogenous biomolecules and can circumvent common constraints of fluorescence microscopy including limited capabilities to probe small biomolecules and difficulty resolving many colors simultaneously. However, the resolution of SRS microscopy remains governed by the diffraction limit. To overcome this, a new technique called molecule anchorable gel-enabled nanoscale Imaging of Fluorescence and stimulated Raman scattering microscopy (MAGNIFIERS) that integrates SRS microscopy with expansion microscopy (ExM) is described. MAGNIFIERS offers chemical-specific nanoscale imaging with sub-50 nm resolution and has scalable multiplexity when combined with multiplex Raman probes and fluorescent labels. MAGNIFIERS is used to visualize nanoscale features in a label-free manner with CH vibration of proteins, lipids, and DNA in a broad range of biological specimens, from mouse brain, liver, and kidney to human lung organoid. In addition, MAGNIFIERS is applied to track nanoscale features of protein synthesis in protein aggregates using metabolic labeling of small metabolites. Finally, MAGNIFIERS is used to demonstrate 8-color nanoscale imaging in an expanded mouse brain section. Overall, MAGNIFIERS is a valuable platform for super-resolution label-free chemical imaging, high-resolution metabolic imaging, and highly multiplexed nanoscale imaging, thus bringing SRS to nanoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixue Shi
- Department of ChemistryColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Aleksandra Klimas
- Department of Biological SciencesCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA15143USA
| | - Brendan Gallagher
- Department of Biological SciencesCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA15143USA
| | - Zhangyu Cheng
- Department of Biological SciencesCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA15143USA
| | - Feifei Fu
- Department of Biological SciencesCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA15143USA
| | - Piyumi Wijesekara
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA15143USA
| | - Yupeng Miao
- Department of ChemistryColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Xi Ren
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA15143USA
| | - Yongxin Zhao
- Department of Biological SciencesCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA15143USA
| | - Wei Min
- Department of ChemistryColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain ScienceColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
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7
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Simultaneous amplification of multiple immunofluorescence signals via cyclic staining of target molecules using mutually cross-adsorbed antibodies. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8780. [PMID: 35610501 PMCID: PMC9130514 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12808-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplification of immunofluorescence (IF) signals is becoming increasingly critical in cancer research and neuroscience. Recently, we put forward a new signal amplification technique, which we termed fluorescent signal amplification via cyclic staining of target molecules (FRACTAL). FRACTAL amplifies IF signals by repeatedly labeling target proteins with a pair of secondary antibodies that bind to each other. However, simultaneous amplification of multiple IF signals via FRACTAL has not yet been demonstrated because of cross-reactivity between the secondary antibodies. In this study, we show that mutual cross-adsorption between antibodies can eliminate all forms of cross-reactions between them, enabling simultaneous amplification of multiple IF signals. First, we show that a typical cross-adsorption process-in which an antibody binds to proteins with potential cross-reactivity with the antibody-cannot eliminate cross-reactions between antibodies in FRACTAL. Next, we show that all secondary antibodies used in FRACTAL need to be mutually cross-adsorbed to eliminate all forms of cross-reactivity, and then we demonstrate simultaneous amplification of multiple IF signals using these antibodies. Finally, we show that multiplexed FRACTAL can be applied to expansion microscopy to achieve higher fluorescence intensities after expansion. Multiplexed FRACTAL is a highly versatile tool for standard laboratories, as it amplifies multiple IF signals without the need for custom antibodies.
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8
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Li H, Warden AR, He J, Shen G, Ding X. Expansion microscopy with ninefold swelling (NIFS) hydrogel permits cellular ultrastructure imaging on conventional microscope. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm4006. [PMID: 35507653 PMCID: PMC9067917 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm4006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Superresolution microscopy enables probing of cellular ultrastructures. However, its widespread applications are limited by the need for expensive machinery, specific hardware, and sophisticated data processing. Expansion microscopy (ExM) improves the resolution of conventional microscopy by physically expanding biological specimens before imaging and currently provides ~70-nm resolution, which still lags behind that of modern superresolution microscopy (~30 nm). Here, we demonstrate a ninefold swelling (NIFS) hydrogel, that can reduce ExM resolution to 31 nm when using regular traditional microscopy. We also design a detachable chip that integrates all the experimental operations to facilitate the maximal reproducibility of this high-resolution imaging technology. We demonstrate this technique on the superimaging of nuclear pore complex and clathrin-coated pits, whose structures can hardly be resolved by conventional microscopy. The method presented here offers a universal platform with superresolution imaging to unveil cellular ultrastructural details using standard conventional laboratory microscopes.
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9
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Jeong D, Kim D. Super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy‐based single‐molecule spectroscopy. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dokyung Jeong
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Doory Kim
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University Seoul Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Research Institute for Natural Sciences Hanyang University Seoul Republic of Korea
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10
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Gallagher BR, Zhao Y. Expansion microscopy: A powerful nanoscale imaging tool for neuroscientists. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 154:105362. [PMID: 33813047 PMCID: PMC8600979 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the biggest unsolved questions in neuroscience is how molecules and neuronal circuitry create behaviors, and how their misregulation or dysfunction results in neurological disease. Light microscopy is a vital tool for the study of neural molecules and circuits. However, the fundamental optical diffraction limit precludes the use of conventional light microscopy for sufficient characterization of critical signaling compartments and nanoscopic organizations of synapse-associated molecules. We have witnessed rapid development of super-resolution microscopy methods that circumvent the resolution limit by controlling the number of emitting molecules in specific imaging volumes and allow highly resolved imaging in the 10-100 nm range. Most recently, Expansion Microscopy (ExM) emerged as an alternative solution to overcome the diffraction limit by physically magnifying biological specimens, including nervous systems. Here, we discuss how ExM works in general and currently available ExM methods. We then review ExM imaging in a wide range of nervous systems, including Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, zebrafish, mouse, and human, and their applications to synaptic imaging, neuronal tracing, and the study of neurological disease. Finally, we provide our prospects for expansion microscopy as a powerful nanoscale imaging tool in the neurosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan R Gallagher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yongxin Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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11
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Munck S, Swoger J, Coll-Lladó M, Gritti N, Vande Velde G. Maximizing content across scales: Moving multimodal microscopy and mesoscopy toward molecular imaging. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2021; 63:188-199. [PMID: 34198170 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging aims to depict the molecules in living patients. However, because this aim is still far beyond reach, patchworks of different solutions need to be used to tackle this overarching goal. From the vast toolbox of imaging techniques, we focus on those recent advances in optical microscopy that image molecules and cells at the submicron to centimeter scale. Mesoscopic imaging covers the "imaging gap" between techniques such as confocal microscopy and magnetic resonance imagingthat image entire live samples but with limited resolution. Microscopy focuses on the cellular level; mesoscopy visualizes the organization of molecules and cells into tissues and organs. The correlation between these techniques allows us to combine disciplines ranging from whole body imaging to basic research of model systems. We review current developments focused on improving microscopic and mesoscopic imaging technologies and on hardware and software that push the current sensitivity and resolution boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Munck
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Light Microscopy Expertise Unit & VIB BioImaging Core, O&N4 Herestraat 49 box 602, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, O&N4 Herestraat 49 box 602, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Jim Swoger
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | | | - Nicola Gritti
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Greetje Vande Velde
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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12
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Bai J, Guo F, Li M, Li Y, Lei X. Click-based amplification: designed to facilitate various target labelling modes with ultralow background amplification. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:906-916. [PMID: 34458817 PMCID: PMC8341700 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00002k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We here describe a fluorescent signal amplification method termed “Click-based amplification” that can be well integrated with various click-labelling modes, including chemical labelling, genetic incorporation and covalent inhibitor probe mediated target labelling. Picolyl azide (pAz) was used as a functional group of a streptavidin-based amplifier to enhance the efficiency of click chemistry. Click-based amplification provided 3.0–12.7 fold amplification on fixed HeLa cells with different click-labelling modes. Click-based amplification has proven to be superior to tyramide signal amplification (TSA) in view of its low nonspecific amplification and high signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, in terms of the challenging signal amplification of tissue specimens, Click-based amplification successfully achieved remarkable fluorescence enhancement on intestinal tissue slices of afatinib-N3 treated mice, which provided direct evidence of the presence of afatinib-N3 in the intestinal tissues and helped in revealing the off-target toxicity of afatinib. Collectively, these results illustrate that Click-based amplification could serve as a promising method for bioimaging studies. We describe a signal amplification method termed “Click-based amplification” that can be well integrated with various click-labelling modes, including chemical labelling, genetic incorporation and covalent inhibitor probe mediated target labelling.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking University Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China
| | - Fusheng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking University Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences Beijing China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research Beijing China
| | - Yulong Li
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China .,State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences Beijing China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research Beijing China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking University Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China
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