1
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Chaliha R, Perumalla DS, Yadav K, Prasad DLVK, Jemmis ED. An Extended Rudolph Diagram: B 3H 5 and B 3H 6+ Relate 3D-, 2D-, 1D-, and 0D-Boron Allotropes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:10954-10966. [PMID: 38845415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The structural chemistry of boron goes beyond the sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridization paradigms of carbon chemistry. We relate the apparently unconnected polyhedral boranes and 3D allotropes on the one hand and 2D clusters, borophenes, and multilayer borophenes on the other hand, through an extended Rudolph diagram. All-boron equivalents of cyclopropenium cation viz the flat B3H5 and the nonplanar B3H6+ constitute the missing links. The nonplanar B3H6+ (C3v) is the starting point for construction of polyhedral boranes; e.g., fusion of two of them leads to octahedral B6H62-. On the other hand, planar B3H6+ and B3H5 relate to borophenes with hexagonal holes. These borophene sheets can be further stacked with diverse interlayer BB bonds, ranging from bilayers to infinite layers. The tendency to achieve electron sufficiency as in the parent C3H3+ dictates the preference for hexagonal holes in the constituent layers and the interlayer bonds between them in multilayer borophenes. The design principles and theoretical validations for the formation of multilayer borophenes are also presented, indicating the variety and complexities involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinkumoni Chaliha
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Malleswaram, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - D Sravanakumar Perumalla
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Malleswaram, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Kedar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Dasari L V K Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Eluvathingal D Jemmis
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Malleswaram, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
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2
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Chen WJ, Pozdeev AS, Choi HW, Boldyrev AI, Yuan DF, Popov IA, Wang LS. Searching for stable copper borozene complexes in CuB 7- and CuB 8. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12928-12938. [PMID: 38456623 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00296b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Copper has been shown to be an important substrate for the growth of borophenes. Copper-boron binary clusters are ideal platforms to study the interactions between copper and boron, which may provide insight about the underlying growth mechanisms of borophene on copper substrates. Here we report a joint photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical study on two copper-doped boron clusters, CuB7- and CuB8-. Well resolved photoelectron spectra are obtained for the two clusters at different wavelengths and are used to understand the structures and bonding properties of the two CuBn- clusters. We find that CuB8- is a highly stable borozene complex, which possesses a half-sandwich structure with a Cu+ species interacting with the doubly aromatic η8-B82- borozene. The CuB7- cluster is found to consist of a terminal copper atom bonded to a double-chain B7 motif, but it has a low-lying isomer composed of a half-sandwich structure with a Cu+ species interacting with an open-shell η7-B72- borozene. Both ionic and covalent interactions are found to be possible in the binary Cu-B clusters, resulting in different structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
| | - Anton S Pozdeev
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA.
| | - Hyun Wook Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
| | - Alexander I Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA
| | - Dao-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Ivan A Popov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA.
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
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3
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Chen J, Liao R, Sai L, Zhao J, Wu X. B 63: The Most Stable Bilayer Structure with Dual Aromaticity. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:4167-4174. [PMID: 38597579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of a bilayer B48 cluster, which has been both theoretically predicted and experimentally observed, as well as the recent experimental synthesis of bilayer borophene sheets on Ag and Cu surfaces, has generated tremendous curiosity in the bilayer structures of boron clusters. However, the connection between bilayer boron cluster and bilayer borophene remains unknown. By combining a genetic algorithm and density functional theory calculations, a global search for the low-energy structures of the B63 cluster was conducted, revealing that the Cs bilayer structure with three interlayer B-B bonds is the most stable bilayer structure. This structure was further examined in terms of its structural stability, chemical bonding, and aromaticity. Interestingly, the interlayer bonds induce strong electronegativity and robust aromaticity. Furthermore, the dual aromaticity stems from diatropic currents originating from virtual translational transitions for both σ and π electrons. This unprecedent bilayer boron cluster is anticipated to enrich the concept of dual aromaticity and serve as a potential precursor for bilayer borophene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Rui Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Linwei Sai
- School of Science, Hohai University, Changzhou 213022, China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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4
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Dong XR, Zhang JX, Chen TT, Xu CQ, Li J. Metal-Centered Boron-Wheel Cluster of Y©B 112- with Rare D11h Symmetry. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:6276-6284. [PMID: 38546717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Molecules with high point-group symmetry are interesting prototype species in the textbook. As transition metal-centered boron clusters tend to have highly symmetric structures to fulfill multicenter bonding and high stability, new boron clusters with rare point-group symmetry may be viable. Through in-depth scrutiny over the structures of experimentally already observed transition metal-centered boron-wheel complexes, geometric and electronic design principles are summarized, based on which we studied M©B11k- (M = Y, La; Zr, Hf; k = 1, 2) clusters and found that a Y©B112- boron-wheel complex has an unprecedented D11h point-group symmetry. The remarkable stability of the planar Y©B112- complex is illustrated via extensive global-minimum structural search as well as comprehensive chemical bonding analyses. Similar to other boron-wheel complexes, the Y©B112- complex is shown to possess σ and π double aromaticity, indeed following the electronic design principle previously summarized. This new compound is expected to be experimentally identified, which will extend the currently known largest possible planar molecular symmetry and enrich the metal-centered boron-wheel class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ran Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Teng-Teng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Shenzhen 518045, China
| | - Cong-Qiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Fundamental Science Center of Rare Earths, Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
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5
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Ren RQ, Long ZW, Li SX, Gao CG. Size effects and electronic properties of zinc-doped boron clusters Zn B n (n = 1-15). J Mol Model 2024; 30:123. [PMID: 38573432 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT To gain a deeper understanding of zinc-doped boron clusters, theoretical calculations were performed to investigate the size effects and electronic properties of zinc-doped boron clusters. The study of the electronic properties, spectral characteristics, and geometric structures of Zn B n (n = 1-15) is of great significance in the fields of semiconductor materials science, material detection, and improving catalytic efficiency. The results indicate that Zn B n (n = 1-15) clusters predominantly exhibit planar or quasi-planar structures, with the Zn atom positioned in the outer regions of the B n framework. The second stable structure of Zn B 3 is a three-dimensional configuration, indicating that the structures of zinc-doped boron clusters begin to convert from the planar or quasi-planar structures to the 3D configurations. The second low-energy structure of Zn B 15 is a novel configuration. Relative stability analyses show that the Zn B 12 has better chemical stability than other clusters with a HOMO-LUMO gap of 2.79 eV. Electric charge analysis shows that part electrons on zinc atoms are transferred to boron atoms, and electrons prefer to cluster near the B n framework. According to the electron localization function, it gets harder to localize electrons as the equivalent face value drops, and it's challenging to see covalent bond formation between zinc and boron atoms. The spectrograms of Zn B n (n = 1-15) exhibit distinct properties and notable spectral features, which can be used as a theoretical basis for the identification and confirmation of boron clusters doped with single-atom transition metals. METHODS The calculations were performed using the ABCluster global search technique combined with density functional theory (DFT) methods. The selected low-energy structures were subjected to geometric optimization and frequency calculations at the PBE0/6-311 + G(d) level to ensure structural stability and eliminate any imaginary frequencies. To acquire more precise relative energies, we performed single-point energies calculations for the low-lying isomers of Zn B n (n = 1-15) at the CCSD(T)/6-311 + G(d)//PBE0/6-311 + G(d) level of theory. All calculations were performed using Gaussian 09 software. To facilitate analysis, we utilized software tools such as Multiwfn, and VMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Qin Ren
- Department of Physics, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zheng-Wen Long
- Department of Physics, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Shi-Xiong Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, 550018, China
| | - Cheng-Gui Gao
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, 550018, China
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Chen Q, Chen WJ, Wu XY, Chen TT, Yuan RN, Lu HG, Yuan DF, Li SD, Wang LS. Investigation of Pb-B Bonding in PbB 2(BO) n- ( n = 0-2): Transformation from Aromatic PbB 2- to Pb[B 2(BO) 2] -/0 Complexes with BB Triple Bonds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:5356-5367. [PMID: 38269413 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02800c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Boron has been found to be able to form multiple bonds with lead. To probe Pb-B bonding, here we report an investigation of three Pb-doped boron clusters, PbB2-, PbB3O-, and PbB4O2-, which are produced by a laser ablation cluster source and characterized by photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. The most stable structures of PbB2-, PbB3O-, and PbB4O2- are found to follow the formula, [PbB2(BO)n]- (n = 0-2), with zero, one, and two boronyl ligands coordinated to a triangular and aromatic PbB2 core, respectively. The PbB2- cluster contains a BB double bond and two Pb-B single bonds. The coordination of BO is observed to weaken Pb-B bonding but strengthen the BB bond in [PbB2(BO)n]- (n = 1, 2). The anionic [PbB2(BO)2]- and its corresponding neutral closed-shell [PbB2(BO)2] contain a BB triple bond. A low-lying Y-shaped isomer is also observed for PbB4O2-, consisting of a central sp2 hybridized B atom bonded to two boronyl ligands and a PbB unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
| | - Xin-Yao Wu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Teng-Teng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rui-Nan Yuan
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Gang Lu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Dao-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
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7
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Ao MZ, Ma YY, Mu YW, Li SD. Perfect cubic metallo-borospherenes TM 8B 6 (TM = Ni, Pd, Pt) as superatoms following the 18-electron rule. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6688-6694. [PMID: 38024293 PMCID: PMC10662020 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00551h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal (TM)-doped metallo-borospherenes exhibit unique structures and bonding in chemistry which have received considerable attention in recent years. Based on extensive global minimum searches and first-principles theory calculations, we predict herein the first and smallest perfect cubic metallo-borospherenes Oh TM8B6 (TM = Ni (1), Pd (2), Pt (3)) and Oh Ni8B6- (1-) which contain eight equivalent TM atoms at the vertexes of a cube and six quasi-planar tetra-coordinate face-capping boron atoms on the surface. Detailed canonical molecular orbital and adaptive natural density partitioning bonding analyses indicate that Oh TM8B6 (1/2/3) as superatoms possess nine completely delocalized 14c-2e bonds following the 18-electron principle (1S21P61D10), rendering spherical aromaticity and extra stability to the complex systems. Furthermore, Ni8B6 (1) can be used as building blocks to form the three-dimensional metallic binary crystal NiB (4) (Pm3̄m) in a bottom-up approach which possesses a typical CsCl-type structure with an octa-coordinate B atom located exactly at the center of the cubic unit cell. The IR, Raman, UV-vis and photoelectron spectra of the concerned clusters are computationally simulated to facilitate their experimental characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Zhen Ao
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 P. R. China
- Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University Fenyang 032200 China
| | | | - Yue-Wen Mu
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 P. R. China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 P. R. China
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8
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Zuo J, Zhang L, Chen B, He K, Dai W, Ding K, Lu C. Geometric and electronic structures of medium-sized boron clusters doped with plutonium. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 36:015302. [PMID: 37767896 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acfc0c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Doping metal heteroatoms is an effective strategy to regulate the geometric and electronic structure of boron based nanoclusters. However, the exploration of the ground state structures of metal-boron-based nanoclusters is still a challenge duo to the complexity of the bonding interactions between heterogeneous atoms and boron cluster and the number of isomers on the potential energy surface increases exponentially with cluster size. Here, we use the CALYPSO cluster structural search method in combination with density functional theory calculations to study the geometries and electronic properties of anionic boron clusters doped with plutonium (PuBn-,n= 10-20). Our results show that the medium-sized PuB14-cluster exhibits excellent stability with highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gap of 2.30 eV. The remarkable stability of the anionic PuB14-cluster is due to the robust interactions between the Pu metal and the B14skeleton, along with the strong covalent interactions between the B atoms. These findings enrich the geometric structure database of metal doped clusters and provide valuable insights for the future synthesis of boron based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingning Zuo
- School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Bole Chen
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaihua He
- School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Dai
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Jingchu University of Technology, Hubei 448000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an 710065, People's Republic of China
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Lu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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9
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Popov A. Electronic structure of small metastable GAS-Phase boron clusters formed in a helium buffer GAS. Chem Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2023.111896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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10
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Pozdeev AS, Chen WJ, Choi HW, Kulichenko M, Yuan DF, Boldyrev AI, Wang LS. Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Theoretical Study of Di-Copper-Boron Clusters: Cu 2B 3- and Cu 2B 4. J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 37235389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Copper has been found to be able to mediate the formation of bilayer borophenes. Copper-boron binary clusters are ideal model systems to probe the copper-boron interactions, which are essential to understand the growth mechanisms of borophenes on copper substrates. Here, we report a joint photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical study on two di-copper-doped boron clusters: Cu2B3- and Cu2B4-. Well-resolved photoelectron spectra are obtained, revealing the presence of a low-lying isomer in both cases. Theoretical calculations show that the global minimum of Cu2B3- (C2v, 1A1) contains a doubly aromatic B3- unit weakly interacting with a Cu2 dimer, while the low-lying isomer (C2v, 1A1) consists of a B3 triangle with the two Cu atoms covalently bonded to two B atoms at two vertexes. The global minimum of Cu2B4- (D2h, 2Ag) is found to consist of a rhombus B4 unit covalently bonded to the two Cu atoms at two opposite vertexes, whereas in the low-lying isomer (Cs, 2A'), one of the two Cu atoms is bonded to two B atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton S Pozdeev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Wei-Jia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Hyun Wook Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Maksim Kulichenko
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Dao-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Alexander I Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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11
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Zhang T, Zhang M, Lu XQ, Yan QQ, Zhao XN, Li SD. Sc@B 28-, Ti@B 28, V@B 28+, and V@B 292-: Spherically Aromatic Endohedral Seashell-like Metallo-Borospherenes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093892. [PMID: 37175301 PMCID: PMC10179789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition-metal-doped boron nanoclusters exhibit unique structures and bonding in chemistry. Using the experimentally observed seashell-like borospherenes C2 B28-/0 and Cs B29- as ligands and based on extensive first-principles theory calculations, we predict herein a series of novel transition-metal-centered endohedral seashell-like metallo-borospherenes C2 Sc@B28- (1), C2 Ti@B28 (2), C2 V@B28+ (3), and Cs V@B292- (4) which, as the global minima of the complex systems, turn out to be the boron analogues of dibenzenechromium D6h Cr(C6H6)2 with two B12 ligands on the top and bottom interconnected by four or five corner boron atoms on the waist and one transition-metal "pearl" sandwiched at the center in between. Detailed molecular orbital, adaptive natural density partitioning (AdNDP), and iso-chemical shielding surface (ICSS) analyses indicate that, similar to Cr(C6H6)2, these endohedral seashell-like complexes follow the 18-electron rule in bonding patterns (1S21P61D10), rendering spherical aromaticity and extra stability to the systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers' University, Xinzhou 034000, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Lu
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Yan
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiao-Ni Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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12
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Huang TX, Yuan YQ, Ding JJ, Li YY, Li QY, Chen GL, Lin W. Probing the Structural Evolution, Stabilities and Properties of LiBn (n = 2–12) Clusters. J CLUST SCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-023-02428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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13
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Ao MZ, Zhang F, Ma YY, Mu YW, Li SD. Heptacoordinate transition-metal-decorated metallo-borospherenes and multiple-helix metallo-boronanotubes. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:2377-2383. [PMID: 36648220 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05486h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery of lanthanide-metal-decorated metallo-borospherenes LM3B18- (LM = La, Tb) marks the onset of a new class of boron-metal binary nanomaterials. Using the experimentally observed or theoretically predicted borospherenes as ligands and based on extensive first-principles theory calculations, we predict herein a series of novel chiral metallo-borospherenes C2 Ni6 ∈ B39- (1), C1 Ni6 ∈ B41+ (3), C2 Ni6 ∈ B422+ (4), C2 Ni6 ∈ B42 (5), and C2 Ni8 ∈ B56 (6) as the global minima of the systems decorated with quasi-planar heptacoordinate Ni (phNi) centers in η7-B7 heptagons on the cage surfaces, which are found to be obviously better favoured in coordination energies than hexacoordinate Ni centers in previously reported D2d Ni6 ∈ B40 (2). Detailed bonding analyses indicate that these phNi-decorated metallo-borospherenes follow the σ + π double delocalization bonding pattern, with two effective (d-p)σ coordination bonds formed between each phNi and its η7-B7 ligand, rendering spherical aromaticity and extra stability to the systems. The structural motif in elongated axially chiral Ni6 ∈ B422+ (4), Ni6 ∈ B42 (5), and Ni8 ∈ B56 (6) can be extended to form the metallic phNi-decorated boron double chain (BDC) double-helix Ni4 ∈ B28 (2, 0) (P4̄m2) (8), triple-helix Ni6 ∈ B42 (3, 0) (P3̄m1) (9), and quadruple-helix Ni8 ∈ B56 (4, 0) (P4mm) (10) metallo-boronanotubes, which can be viewed as quasi-multiple-helix DNAs composed of interconnected BDCs decorated with phNi centers in η7-B7 heptagons on the tube surfaces in the atomic ratio of Ni : B = 1 : 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Zhen Ao
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P.R. China
- Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang 032200, China.
| | - Fei Zhang
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ma
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Wen Mu
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P.R. China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P.R. China
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14
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Yan QQ, Zhao X, Zhang T, Li SD. Perfect Core-Shell Octahedral B@B 38 + , Be@B 38 , and Zn@B 38 with an Octa-Coordinate Center as Superatoms Following the Octet Rule. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200947. [PMID: 36715013 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Planar, tubular, cage-like, and bilayer boron clusters Bn +/0/- (n=3∼48) have been observed in joint experimental and theoretical investigations in the past two decades. Based on extensive global searches augmented with first-principles theory calculations, we predict herein the smallest perfect core-shell octahedral borospherene Oh B@B38 + (1) and its endohedral metallo-borospherene analogs Oh Be@B38 (2), and Oh Zn@B38 (3) which, with an octa-coordinate B, Be or Zn atom located exactly at the center, turn out to be the well-defined global minima of the systems highly stable both thermodynamically and dynamically. B@B38 + (1) represents the first boron-containing molecule reported to date which contains an octa-coordinate B center covalently coordinated by eight face-capping boron atoms at the corners of a perfect cube in the first coordination sphere. Detailed natural bonding orbital (NBO) and adaptive natural density partitioning (AdNDP) bonding analyses indicate that these high-symmetry core-shell complexes X@B38 +/0/- (X=B, Be, Zn) as super-noble gas atoms follow the octet rule in coordination bonding patterns (1S2 1P6 ), with one delocalized 9c-2e S-type coordination bond and three delocalized 39c-2e P-type coordination bonds formed between the octa-coordinate X center and its octahedral Oh B38 ligand to effectively stabilize the systems. Their IR, Raman, and UV-Vis spectra are computationally simulated to facilitate their spectroscopic characterizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Qiao Yan
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China
| | - XiaoYun Zhao
- Department ofApplied Chemistry, Yuncheng University, 044000, Yuncheng, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China
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15
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Wang YJ, Feng LY, Yan M, Zhai HJ. Be 3B 11- cluster: a dynamically fluxional beryllo-borospherene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2846-2852. [PMID: 36621801 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04948a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The beryllium-doped Be3B11- cluster has two nearly isoenergetic isomers, adopting the smallest trihedral spherical geometries with a boron single-chain skeleton. The B11 skeleton in the global minimum (C2v, 1A1) comprises three conjoined boron rings (one B8/two B7) on the waist, sharing two B3 equilateral triangles at the top and bottom, respectively. However, the local minimum (Cs, 1A') has one deformed B4 pyramid at the top. The drastic structural transformation of B11 skeletons from perfectly planar B11 clusters mainly profited from robust electrostatic interaction between Be atoms and B11 skeletons. The dynamic simulations suggest that two species can interconvert via a novel mechanism, that is "triangle-pyramid-triangle", which facilitates the free migration of boron atoms in the B11 skeleton, thereby showing the fascinating dynamic fluxionality. The chemical bonding analyses reveal that the B11 skeleton is covered by two types of delocalized π bonds in an orthogonal direction, which leads to its spherical aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou 034000, China.
| | - Lin-Yan Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou 034000, China.
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou 034000, China.
| | - Hua-Jin Zhai
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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16
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Sai L, Wu X, Li F, Zhao J. Unprecedented Prediction of a B 160 Cluster Stuffed by Dual-Icosahedron B 12. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:42545-42549. [PMID: 36440138 PMCID: PMC9686204 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Serving as the premise to understand bulk allotropes, boron clusters have been intriguing experimentalists and theoreticians to study their geometries and chemical bonding. Here, we designed a complete core-shell B160 cluster stuffed by two B12 cores, which is energetically preferable over the bilayer structure of the same size. The unprecedented peanutlike structure with Ci symmetry has superior stability and exhibits superatomic electronic configuration and spherical aromaticity. Our theoretical work not only proposed the core-shell structure of dual icosahedrons for the first time but also indicated the multi-B12 core-shell structural pattern in boron particles, bridging to boron crystalline structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Sai
- School
of Science, Hohai University, Changzhou 213022, China
| | - Xue Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology and
Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province,
School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Fengyu Li
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, Inner
Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Jingxiang Zhao
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Photonic
and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
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17
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Superatomic icosahedral-CnB12-n (n = 0, 1, 2) Stuffed mononuclear and binuclear borafullerene and borospherene nanoclusters with spherical aromaticity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19741. [DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21809-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBoron and boron-based nanoclusters exhibit unique structural and bonding patterns in chemistry. Extensive density functional theory calculations performed in this work predict the mononuclear walnut-like Ci C50B54 (1) (C2B10@C48B44), C1 C50B54 (2) (CB11@C49B43), and S10 C50B54 (3) (B12@C50B42) which contain one icosahedral-CnB12-n core (n = 0, 1, 2) at the center following the Wade’s skeletal electron counting rules and the approximately electron sufficient binuclear peanut-like Cs C88B78 (4) ((C2B10)2@C84B58), Cs C88B78 (5) ((CB11)2@C86B56), Cs C88B78 (6) ((B12)2@C88B54), Cs B180 (7) ((B12)2@B156), Cs B182 (8) ((B12)2@B158), and Cs B184 (9) ((B12)2@B160) which encapsulate two interconnected CnB12-n icosahedrons inside. These novel core–shell borafullerene and borospherene nanoclusters appear to be the most stable species in thermodynamics in the corresponding cluster size ranges reported to date. Detailed bonding analyses indicate that the icosahedral B122−, CB11−, and C2B10 cores in these core–shell structures possess the superatomic electronic configuration of 1S21P61D101F8, rendering spherical aromaticity and extra stability to the systems. Such superatomic icosahedral-CnB12-n stuffed borafullerenes and borospherenes with spherical aromaticity may serve as embryos to form bulk boron allotropes and their carbon-boron binary counterparts in bottom-up approaches.
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18
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Analysis of the structure and chemical bonding of C5H5ScB40: a density functional study. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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19
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Xiang Z, Luo Z, Bi J, Jin S, Zhang Z, Lu C. Structural evolution and relative stability of vanadium-doped boron clusters. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:445302. [PMID: 35985306 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac8b4f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cluster is the intermediate of individual atom and larger agglomeration. The structural evolutions of clusters are critically important to explore the physical properties of bulk solids. Here, we carry out systematic structure predictions of medium-sized vanadium-doped boron clusters by using crystal structure analysis by particle swarm optimization method combined with density function theory calculations. A great deal of low-lying isomers with attractive geometries are discovered, such as the crown-like VB18-cluster and the drum-like VB20-cluster. Interestingly, the VB12-cluster possesses excellently relative stability due to its higher second-order difference and larger highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gap. The molecular orbitals (MOs) and adaptive natural density partitioning (AdNDP) analysis indicate that the 3dorbitals of V atom and the 2pand 2sorbitals of B atoms are the primary constituents of the MOs, and the interactions between V and B atoms are the main factor for the robust stabilization of the anionic VB12-cluster. The present findings advance the understanding of the structural evolution of transition metal doped boron clusters and offer crucial insights for future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Xiang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjie Luo
- School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Bi
- School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Jin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiang Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Lu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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20
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Lu XQ, Zhao XN, Mu YW, Li SD. Lanthanide/actinide boride nanoclusters and nanomaterials based on boron frameworks consisting of conjoined B n rings ( n = 7-9). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21078-21084. [PMID: 36017736 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03142f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extensive global minimum searches augmented with first-principles theory calculations performed in this work indicate that the experimentally observed perfect inverse sandwich lanthanide boride complexes D7h La2B7- (1), D8h La2B8 (3), D9h La2B9- (7) can be extended to their actinide counterparts C2v Ac2B7- (1'), D8h Ac2B8 (3'), D9h Ac2B9- (7') with a Bn monocyclic ring (n = 7-9) sandwiched by two Ac dopants. Such M2Bn-/0 inverse sandwiches (1/1', 3/3', 7/7') can be used as building blocks to generate the ground-state C2 La4B13- (2)/Ac4B13- (2'), D2 La4B15- (4)/Ac4B15- (4'), C3v/C3 La4B18 (5)/Ac4B18 (5'), Oh Ac7B24+ (6'), Oh Ac7B24, Td Ac4B24 (8'), C1 La5B24+ (9)/Ac5B24+ (9'), and Td Ac4B29- (10') which are based on boron frameworks consisting of multiple conjoined Bn rings (n = 7-9). Detailed bonding analyses show that effective (d-p)σ, (d-p)π and (d-p)δ coordination bonds are formed between the Bn rings and metal doping centers, conferring three-dimensional aromaticity and extra stability to the systems. In particular, the perfect body-centered cubic Oh Ac7B24+ (6') and Oh Ac7B24 with six conjoined B8 rings can be extended in x, y, and z dimensions to form one-dimensional Ac10B32 (11'), two-dimensional Ac3B10 (12'), and three-dimensional AcB6 (13') nanomaterials, presenting a B8-based bottom-up approach from metal boride nanoclusters to their low-dimensional nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qin Lu
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China. .,Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Xiao-Ni Zhao
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Yue-Wen Mu
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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21
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Yan QQ, Zhang T, Ma YY, Chen Q, Mu YW, Li SD. A bottom-up approach from medium-sized bilayer boron nanoclusters to bilayer borophene nanomaterials. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:11443-11451. [PMID: 35904368 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02950b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the experimentally observed bilayer B48-/0 and theoretically predicted bilayer B50-B72 and based on extensive density functional theory calculations, we report herein a series of novel medium-sized bilayer boron nanoclusters C1 B84 (I), C2v B86 (II), C1 B88 (III), C1 B90 (IV), C1 B92 (V), C1 B94 (VI), C2v B96 (VII), and C1 B98 (VIII) which are the most stable isomers of the systems reported to date effectively stabilized by optimum numbers of interlayer B-B σ bonds between the inward-buckled atoms on top and bottom layers. Detailed bonding analyses indicate that these bilayer species follow the universal bonding pattern of σ + π double delocalization, rendering three-dimensional aromaticity in the systems. More interestingly, the AA-stacked bilayer structural motif in B96 (VII) with a B72 bilayer hexagonal prism at the center can be extended to form bilayer C2 B128 (IX), D2h B214 (X), C2v B260 (XI), D2h B372 (XII), and D2 B828 (XIII) which contain one or multiple conjoined B72 bilayer hexagonal prisms sharing interwoven zig-zag boron triple chains between them. Such bilayer species or their close-lying AB isomers can be viewed as embryos of the newly reported most stable freestanding BL-α+ bilayer borophenes and quasi-freestanding bilayer borophenes on Ag(111) which are composed of interwoven zig-zag boron triple chains shared by conjoined BL B72 hexagonal prisms, presenting a bottom-up approach from medium-sized bilayer boron nanoclusters to two-dimensional bilayer borophene nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Qiao Yan
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ma
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Qiang Chen
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Yue-Wen Mu
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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22
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Sai L, Wu X, Li F. B 96: a complete core-shell structure with high symmetry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:15687-15690. [PMID: 35661179 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01865a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A complete core-shell and highly symmetric B96 was designed. The core-shell B96 of Th symmetry is energetically favorable compared to the bilayer motif and the core-shell structure can be well maintained during first-principles molecular dynamics simulations at high temperatures (up to 1000 K). Moreover, it exhibits a superatomic electronic configuration and spherical aromaticity. Our theoretical work not only confirmed that the core-shell structural pattern is more energetically favorable for large-sized boron clusters, but also provided a strategy to design large boron clusters with a core-shell structure of high symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Sai
- School of Science, Hohai University, Changzhou 213022, China.,Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Fengyu Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
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23
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Chen WJ, Zhang YY, Li WL, Choi HW, Li J, Wang LS. AuB 8-: an Au-borozene complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3134-3137. [PMID: 35171151 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07303f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemistry studies are used to investigate the structure and bonding of AuB8-. Global minimum sturctural searches show that AuB8- possesses a chair-like structure, which can be viewed as Au+ bonded to the edge of the doubly-aromatic B82- borozene, Au+[η2-B82-]. Chemical bonding analyses reveal that the AuB8- is a novel borozene complex with unique Au-borozene bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Yang-Yang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Wan-Lu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Hyun Wook Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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24
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Chen TT, Cheung LF, Wang LS. Probing the Nature of the Transition-Metal-Boron Bonds and Novel Aromaticity in Small Metal-Doped Boron Clusters Using Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2022; 73:233-253. [PMID: 35044792 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-082820-113041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectron spectroscopy combined with quantum chemistry has been a powerful approach to elucidate the structures and bonding of size-selected boron clusters (Bn-), revealing a prevalent planar world that laid the foundation for borophenes. Investigations of metal-doped boron clusters not only lead to novel structures but also provide important information about the metal-boron bonds that are critical to understanding the properties of boride materials. The current review focuses on recent advances in transition-metal-doped boron clusters, including the discoveries of metal-boron multiple bonds and metal-doped novel aromatic boron clusters. The study of the RhB- and RhB2O- clusters led to the discovery of the first quadruple bond between boron and a transition-metal atom, whereas a metal-boron triple bond was found in ReB2O- and IrB2O-. The ReB4- cluster was shown to be the first metallaborocycle with Möbius aromaticity, and the planar ReB6- cluster was found to exhibit aromaticity analogous to metallabenzenes. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Volume 73 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Teng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ling Fung Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; .,Hitachi Ltd., Research and Development Group, Center for Technology Innovation-Decarbonized Energy, Hitachi-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA;
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25
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Barroso J, Pan S, Merino G. Structural transformations in boron clusters induced by metal doping. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1098-1123. [PMID: 35029622 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00747e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, experimental techniques in conjunction with theoretical analyses have revealed the surprising structural diversity of boron clusters. Although the 2D to 3D transition thresholds are well-established, there is no certainty about the factors that determine the geometry adopted by these systems. The structural transformation induced by doping usually yields a minimum energy structure with a boron skeleton entirely different from that of the bare cluster. This review summarizes those clusters no larger than 40 boron atoms where one or two dopants show a radical transformation of the structure. Although the structures of these systems are not easy to predict, they often adopt familiar shapes such as umbrella-like, wheel, tubular, and cages in various cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Barroso
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida, km 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310, Mérida, Yuc., Mexico.
| | - Sudip Pan
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida, km 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310, Mérida, Yuc., Mexico.
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida, km 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310, Mérida, Yuc., Mexico.
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26
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Ao MZ, Lu XQ, Mu YW, Zan WY, Li SD. La@[La5&B30]0/−/2−: endohedral trihedral metallo-borospherenes with spherical aromaticity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:3918-3923. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05644a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extensive first-principles theory calculations predict the perfect endohedral metallo-borospherene D3h La@[La5&B30] (1) and its monoanion Cs La@[La5&B30]− (2) and dianion D3h La@[La5&B30]2− (3) which appear to be spherically aromatic in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Zhen Ao
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
- Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang 032200, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Lu
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Wen Mu
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Yan Zan
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
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27
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Buendia Zamudio F, Pham HT, Barquera-Lozada JE, Beltran MR, Nguyen MT. Formation of the quasi-planar B 56 boron cluster: topological path from B 12 and disk aromaticity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21822-21832. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02571j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Formation and stability of the B56 boron cluster were investigated using a topological approach and the disk aromaticity model. An extensive global energy minimum search for the B56 system which...
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28
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Chen C, Lv H, Zhang P, Zhuo Z, Wang Y, Ma C, Li W, Wang X, Feng B, Cheng P, Wu X, Wu K, Chen L. Synthesis of bilayer borophene. Nat Chem 2022; 14:25-31. [PMID: 34764470 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00813-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
As the nearest-neighbour element to carbon, boron is theoretically predicted to have a planar two-dimensional form, named borophene, with novel properties, such as Dirac fermions and superconductivity. Several polymorphs of monolayer borophene have been grown on metal surfaces, yet thicker bilayer and few-layer nanosheets remain elusive. Here we report the synthesis of large-size, single-crystalline bilayer borophene on the Cu(111) surface by molecular beam epitaxy. Combining scanning tunnelling microscopy and first-principles calculations, we show that bilayer borophene consists of two stacked monolayers that are held together by covalent interlayer boron-boron bonding, and each monolayer has β12-like structures with zigzag rows. The formation of a bilayer is associated with a large transfer and redistribution of charge in the first boron layer on Cu(111), which provides additional electrons for the bonding of additional boron atoms, enabling the growth of the second layer. The bilayer borophene is shown to possess metallic character, and be less prone to being oxidized than its monolayer counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Lv
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Synergetic Innovation of Quantum Information and Quantum Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, and School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhuo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Synergetic Innovation of Quantum Information and Quantum Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, and School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuguang Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baojie Feng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Synergetic Innovation of Quantum Information and Quantum Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, and School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Kehui Wu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China.
| | - Lan Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China.
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29
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Wang J, Zhang NX, Wang CZ, Wu QY, Lan JH, Chai ZF, Nie CM, Shi WQ. Theoretical probing of twenty-coordinate actinide-centered boron molecular drums. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:26967-26973. [PMID: 34842871 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03900h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The exploration of metal-doped boron clusters has a great significance in the design of high coordination number (CN) compounds. Actinide-doped boron clusters are probable candidates for achieving high CNs. In this work, we systematically explored a series of actinide metal atom (U, Np, and Pu) doped B20 boron clusters An@B20 (An = U, Np, and Pu) by global minimum structural searches and density functional theory (DFT). Each An@B20 cluster is confirmed to be a twenty-coordinate complex, which is the highest CN obtained in the chemistry of actinide-doped boron clusters so far. The predicted global minima of An@B20 are tubular structures with actinide atoms as centers, which can be considered as boron molecular drums. In An@B20, U@B20 has a relatively high symmetry of C2, while both Np@B20 and Pu@B20 exhibit C1 symmetry. Extensive bonding analysis demonstrates that An@B20 has σ and π delocalized bonding, and the U-B bonds possess a relatively higher covalency than the Np-B and Pu-B bonds, resulting in the higher formation energy of U@B20. Therefore, the covalent character of An-B bonding may be crucial for the formation of these high CN actinide-centered boron clusters. These results deepen our understanding of actinide metal doped boron clusters and provide new clues for developing stable high CN boron-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Nai-Xin Zhang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Cong-Zhi Wang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qun-Yan Wu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jian-Hui Lan
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhi-Fang Chai
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. .,Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Chang-Ming Nie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Wei-Qun Shi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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30
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Yan QQ, Pei L, Li SD. Predicting bilayer B 50, B 52, B 56, and B 58: structural evolution in bilayer B 48-B 72 clusters. J Mol Model 2021; 27:364. [PMID: 34842972 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The successive experimental observations of planar, cage-like, seashell-like, and bilayer Bn-/0 clusters in the size range between n = 3-48 well demonstrate the structural diversity and rich chemistry of boron nanoclusters. Based on extensive global minimum search and density functional theory calculations, we predict herein the bilayer C1 B50 (I), C2h B52 (II), C1 B56 (IV), and C2v B58 (V) as the global minima of the systems to fill in the missing gap in the bilayer B2n series between B48-B72. These highly stable species all contain a B38 bilayer hexagonal prism at the center, with 2, 2, 3, and 3 effective interlayer B-B σ-bonds formed between inward-buckled atoms on the top and bottom layers, respectively. Our bilayer C1 B50 (I) and C1 B56 (IV) prove to be obviously more stable than the previously reported quasi-planar C2v B50 and C2v B56 with two adjacent B6 hexagonal holes. Detailed bonding analyses indicate that these bilayer clusters follow the universal bonding pattern of σ + π double delocalization, making them three-dimensionally aromatic in nature. The bilayer B2n species in the size range between B48-B72 evolve gradually on the waist around the B38 or elongated B46 bilayer hexagonal prism at the center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Qiao Yan
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Ling Pei
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Safety, Binzhou University, Binzhou, 256603, China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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31
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Chen WJ, Kulichenko M, Choi HW, Cavanagh J, Yuan DF, Boldyrev AI, Wang LS. Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Size-Selected Bismuth-Boron Clusters: BiB n- ( n = 6-8). J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6751-6760. [PMID: 34333984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Because of its low toxicity, bismuth is considered to be a "green metal" and has received increasing attention in chemistry and materials science. To understand the chemical bonding of bismuth, here we report a joint experimental and theoretical study on a series of bismuth-doped boron clusters, BiBn- (n = 6-8). Well-resolved photoelectron spectra are obtained and are used to understand the structures and bonding of BiBn- in conjunction with theoretical calculations. Global minimum searches find that all three BiBn- clusters have planar structures with the Bi atom bonded to the edge of the planar Bn moiety via two Bi-B σ bonds as well as π bonding by the 6pz orbital. BiB6- is found to consist of a double-chain B6 with a terminal Bi atom. Both BiB7- and BiB8- are composed of a Bi atom bonded to the planar global minima of the B7- and B8- clusters. Chemical bonding analyses reveal that BiB6- is doubly antiaromatic, whereas BiB7- and BiB8- are doubly aromatic. In the neutral BiBn (n = 6-8) clusters, except BiB6 which has a planar structure similar to the anion, the global minima of both BiB7 and BiB8 are found to be half-sandwich-type structures due to the high stability of the doubly aromatic B73- and B82- molecular wheel ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Maksim Kulichenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Hyun Wook Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Joseph Cavanagh
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Dao-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Alexander I Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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32
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Pei L, Yan Q, Li S. Predicting the Structural Transition in Medium‐Sized Boron Nanoclusters: From Bilayer B
64
, B
66
, B
68
, B
70
, and B
72
to Core‐Shell B
74. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Pei
- Institute of Molecular Science Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Safety Binzhou University Binzhou 256603 China
| | - Qiao‐Qiao Yan
- Institute of Molecular Science Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Si‐Dian Li
- Institute of Molecular Science Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
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33
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Li R, You XR, Guo JC, Zhai HJ. Concentric Inner 2π/6σ and Outer 10π/14σ Aromaticity Underlies the Dynamic Structural Fluxionality of Planar B 19- Wankel Motor Cluster. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5022-5030. [PMID: 34096293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Planar C2v B19- global-minimum (GM) cluster is known as a molecular Wankel motor, featuring unique chemical bonding and structural fluxionality. While the geometry, bonding, and molecular dynamics of the cluster are documented in the literature, it remains warranted to fully understand its bonding nature and unravel the mechanism behind the structural dynamics. We shall offer herein an updated bonding model on the bases of canonical molecular orbital (CMO) analysis and adaptive natural density partitioning (AdNDP), further aided by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis and orbital composition calculations. The computational data indicate that the B19- cluster has inner 2π/6σ and outer 10π/14σ concentric 4-fold π/σ aromaticity. Being spatially isolated from each other, the inner B6 disk supports 2π and 6σ subsystems, whereas the outer B18 double-ring ribbon has 10π and 14σ subsystems. All 4-fold π/σ subsystems are intrinsically delocalized and conform to the (4n + 2) Hückel rule for aromaticity. The change of Wiberg bond index (WBI) from GM to transition-state (TS) for radial B-B links is minimal and uniform, which offers a semiquantitative measure of structural dynamics and underlies the low energy barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xue-Rui You
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jin-Chang Guo
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hua-Jin Zhai
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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34
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Tian WJ, Chen WJ, Yan M, Li R, Wei ZH, Chen TT, Chen Q, Zhai HJ, Li SD, Wang LS. Transition-metal-like bonding behaviors of a boron atom in a boron-cluster boronyl complex [(η 7-B 7)-B-BO] . Chem Sci 2021; 12:8157-8164. [PMID: 34194706 PMCID: PMC8208299 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00534k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron displays many unusual structural and bonding properties due to its electron deficiency. Here we show that a boron atom in a boron monoxide cluster (B9O−) exhibits transition-metal-like properties. Temperature-dependent photoelectron spectroscopy provided evidence of the existence of two isomers for B9O−: the main isomer has an adiabatic detachment energy (ADE) of 4.19 eV and a higher energy isomer with an ADE of 3.59 eV. The global minimum of B9O− is found surprisingly to be an umbrella-like structure (C6v, 1A1) and its simulated spectrum agrees well with that of the main isomer observed. A low-lying isomer (Cs, 1A′) consisting of a BO unit bonded to a disk-like B8 cluster agrees well with the 3.59 eV ADE species. The unexpected umbrella-like global minimum of B9O− can be viewed as a central boron atom coordinated by a η7-B7 ligand on one side and a BO ligand on the other side, [(η7-B7)-B-BO]−. The central B atom is found to share its valence electrons with the B7 unit to fulfill double aromaticity, similar to that in half-sandwich [(η7-B7)-Zn-CO]− or [(η7-B7)-Fe(CO)3]− transition-metal complexes. The ability of boron to form a half-sandwich complex with an aromatic ligand, a prototypical property of transition metals, brings out new metallomimetic properties of boron. The global minimum of the B9O− cluster is found to have an umbrella-like structure, where the central B atom exhibits transition-metal-like bonding properties, coordinated by a η7-B7 ligand on one side and a BO ligand on the other.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Tian
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Wei-Jia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University Providence Rhode Island 02912 USA
| | - Miao Yan
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Rui Li
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Zhi-Hong Wei
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Teng-Teng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University Providence Rhode Island 02912 USA
| | - Qiang Chen
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Hua-Jin Zhai
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University Providence Rhode Island 02912 USA
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35
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Zhang Y, Lu XQ, Yan M, Li SD. Perfect Spherical Tetrahedral Metallo-Borospherene Ta 4B 18 as a Superatom Following the 18-Electron Rule. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:10991-10996. [PMID: 34056252 PMCID: PMC8153900 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cage-like metallo-borospherenes exhibit unique structures and bonding. Inspired by the newly reported smallest spherical trihedral metallo-borospherene D 3h Ta3B12 - (1), which contains two equivalent B3 triangles interconnected by three B2 units on the cage surface, we present herein a first-principles theory prediction of the perfect spherical tetrahedral metallo-borospherene T d Ta4B18 (2), which possesses four equivalent B3 triangles interconnected by six B atoms, with four equivalent nonacoordinate Ta centers in four η9-B9 rings as integrated parts of the cage surface. As the well-defined global minimum of the neutral, Ta4B18 (2) possesses four 10c-2e B9(π)-Ta(dσ) and eight 10c-2e B9(π)-Ta(dδ) coordination bonds evenly distributed over four Ta-centered Ta@B9 nonagons, with the remaining 18 valence electrons in nine 22c-2e totally delocalized bonds following the 18-electron principle (1S21P61D10) of a superatom. Such a bonding pattern renders spherical aromaticity to the tetrahedral complex, which can be used as building blocks to form the face-centered cubic crystal Ta4B15 (3). The IR, Raman, and UV-vis spectra of Ta4B18 (2) are theoretically simulated to facilitate its future experimental characterizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Lu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Miao Yan
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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36
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Wang Z, Du Q, Park SJ. TM 4B 180/− (TM = Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os): new structure construction with TM doped B wheel units. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18605-18611. [PMID: 35480935 PMCID: PMC9033464 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02525b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The lowest energy structure of Ta4B18 shows a conflicting aromaticity and is assembled from four planar molecular Ta@B9 units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser
- Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology)
- Ministry of Education
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Qiuying Du
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser
- Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology)
- Ministry of Education
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Sung Jin Park
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser
- Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology)
- Ministry of Education
- Dalian 116024
- China
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