1
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Fritsch S, Strassner T. Synthesis and physical properties of tunable aryl alkyl ionic liquids based on 1-aryl-4,5-dimethylimidazolium cations. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1278-1285. [PMID: 38887574 PMCID: PMC11181176 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a new class of tunable aryl alkyl ionic liquids (TAAILs) based on 1-aryl-4,5-dimethylimidazolium cations with electron-withdrawing and -donating substituents in different positions of the phenyl ring and the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (NTf2) anion. We investigated the effect of additional methyl groups in the backbone of the imidazolium core on the physical properties regarding viscosity, conductivity and electrochemical window. With an electrochemical window of up to 6.3 V, which is unprecedented for TAAILs with an NTf2 anion, this new class of TAAILs demonstrates the opportunities that arise from modifications in the backbone of the imidazolium cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Fritsch
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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2
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Uvarova ES, Kutasevich AV, Lipatov ES, Pytskii IS, Raitman OA, Selivantev YM, Mityanov VS. Three-component cascade reaction of 3-ketonitriles, 2-unsubstituted imidazole N-oxides, and aldehydes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4297-4308. [PMID: 38717323 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00353e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A three-component condensation of 2-unsubstituted imidazole N-oxides, 3-ketonitriles, and aldehydes is described. The reaction proceeds via sequential Knoevenagel condensation/Michael addition under mild, catalyst-free conditions with various substrates. Furthermore, the corresponding 2-functionalized imidazole N-oxides can be further dehydrated to (Z)-2-aroyl-3-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-acrylonitriles, which may also be directly prepared by changing the reaction conditions as a cascade of Knoevenagel condensation/Michael addition/dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Uvarova
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation.
| | - Anton V Kutasevich
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation.
| | - Egor S Lipatov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 28/1, 119334 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Higher Chemical College of Russian Academy of Sciences, D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya pl. 9, 125047, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan S Pytskii
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 31 bldg. 4, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg A Raitman
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation.
| | - Yuriy M Selivantev
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation.
| | - Vitaly S Mityanov
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation.
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3
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Bera D, Sarkar R, Dhar T, Saha P, Ghosh P, Mukhopadhyay C. DMSO promoted catalyst-free oxidative C-N/C-O couplings towards synthesis of imidazoles and oxazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3684-3692. [PMID: 38624070 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00383g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-promoted catalyst-free oxidative C-N coupling and C-O coupling under oxidant-free conditions are outlined. This protocol is operationally simple and leads to various functionalized substituted imidazoles or oxazoles in good yields. To date, a very limited number of oxidation protocols have been established, where DMSO acts solely as a catalyst or an oxidant or both. In this report, DMSO is not only used as a C-N/C-O coupling agent but is also used as the oxidant required for these oxidative transformations. Hence, our demonstrated DMSO-promoted catalyst-free coupling transformation has the ability to lead to a new dimension in the field of oxidative coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Bera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata-700009, India.
| | - Rajib Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Prabhu Jagatbandhu College, Jhorehat, Andul-Mouri, Howrah-711302, India
| | - Tiyasa Dhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata-700009, India.
| | - Pinaki Saha
- Department of Chemistry, R. K. Mission Residential College, Narendrapur, Kolkata-700103, India
| | - Prasanta Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, R. K. Mission Residential College, Narendrapur, Kolkata-700103, India
| | - Chhanda Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata-700009, India.
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4
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Torres-Jaramillo J, Blöcher R, Chacón-Vargas KF, Hernández-Calderón J, Sánchez-Torres LE, Nogueda-Torres B, Reyes-Arellano A. Synthesis of Antiprotozoal 2-(4-Alkyloxyphenyl)-Imidazolines and Imidazoles and Their Evaluation on Leishmania mexicana and Trypanosoma cruzi. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3673. [PMID: 38612484 PMCID: PMC11012064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Twenty 2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-imidazolines and 2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-imidazoles were synthesized, with the former being synthesized in two steps by using MW and ultrasonication energy, resulting in good to excellent yields. Imidazoles were obtained in moderate yields by oxidizing imidazolines with MnO2 and MW energy. In response to the urgent need to treat neglected tropical diseases, a set of 2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)- imidazolines and imidazoles was tested in vitro on Leishmania mexicana and Trypanosoma cruzi. The leishmanicidal activity of ten compounds was evaluated, showing an IC50 < 10 µg/mL. Among these compounds, 27-31 were the most active, with IC50 values < 1 µg/mL (similar to the reference drugs). In the evaluation on epimastigotes of T. cruzi, only 30 and 36 reached an IC50 < 1 µg/mL, showing better inhibition than both reference drugs. However, compounds 29, 33, and 35 also demonstrated attractive trypanocidal activities, with IC50 values < 10 µg/mL, similar to the values for benznidazole and nifurtimox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Torres-Jaramillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB-IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (J.T.-J.); (R.B.); (J.H.-C.)
| | - René Blöcher
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB-IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (J.T.-J.); (R.B.); (J.H.-C.)
| | | | - Jorge Hernández-Calderón
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB-IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (J.T.-J.); (R.B.); (J.H.-C.)
| | - Luvia E. Sánchez-Torres
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB-IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Nogueda-Torres
- Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB-IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - Alicia Reyes-Arellano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB-IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (J.T.-J.); (R.B.); (J.H.-C.)
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5
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Althomali RH, Musad Saleh EA, Mohammed Ali RH, Mamadoliev II, Ramadan MF, Kareem AT, Aggarwal S, Hadrawi SK. Synthesis of a bistriazolyl-phenanthroline-Cu(ii) complex immobilized on nanomagnetic iron oxide as a novel green catalyst for synthesis of imidazoles via annulation reactions. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6177-6193. [PMID: 37941952 PMCID: PMC10629005 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00653k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
We designed and prepared a novel N-heterocycle-based nanocatalyst by a post synthetic method, namely the [Fe3O4@DAA-BTrzPhen-Cu(ii)] composite. In this method, bistriazolyl-phenanthroline groups were stepwise synthesized on an Fe3O4 substrate and used as a tetradentate nitrogenous ligand for coordinating to copper ions. The obtained nanocomposite was well characterized using FT-IR, PXRD, TGA, EDAX, ICP-OES, EDX-mapping, SEM, TEM, VSM and BET analyses, which confirm the formation of a thermostable crystalline spherical particle morphology with the particle size in the range of 17 nm to 25 nm and a magnetization value of 42 emu g-1. Also, the catalytic activity of [Fe3O4@DAA-BTrzPhen-Cu(ii)] as a novel and magnetically separable heterogeneous nanocatalyst was evaluated in preparing various tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives from one-pot four-component condensation of anilines, aldehydes, 1,2-diketones and ammonium acetate, and favorable products were produced with excellent yields. The stability, low Cu leaching, and heterogenous nature of the nanocatalyst were confirmed by hot-filtration and leaching tests. The copper based nanocatalyst could be easily recovered by magnetic field separation and recycled at least 8 times in a row without noticeable loss in its catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed H Althomali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Wadi Al-Dawasir 11991 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Wadi Al-Dawasir 11991 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ikromjon Ilkhomidinovich Mamadoliev
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Samarkand State Medical Institute Samarkand Uzbekistan
- Department of Anatomy, Tashkent State Dental Institute Tashkent Uzbekistan
| | | | - Ashwaq Talib Kareem
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology Dhi Qar Iraq
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University Dehradun-248007 India
| | - Salema K Hadrawi
- Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Technical Engineering Department, College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University Najaf Iraq
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6
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Azizi N, Saadat M, Edrisi M. Facile synthesis of FeCeO x nanoparticles encapsulated carbon nitride catalyst for highly efficient and recyclable synthesis of substituted imidazoles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17474. [PMID: 37838814 PMCID: PMC10576832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we developed a novel composite called FeCeOx@g-C3N4 through a combination of sonication, sintering, and hydrothermal techniques to implement the principles of green chemistry by utilizing reusable nanocomposites in one-pot reactions. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the catalyst's structure, composition, and morphology, various characterization methods were employed. These included FT-IR analysis to examine chemical bonds, SEM and TEM imaging to visualize the catalyst's surface and internal structure, TGA to assess thermal stability, EDS for elemental composition analysis, and XRD to determine crystal structure. The FeCeOx@g-C3N4 nanocatalyst demonstrated remarkable efficacy in the one-pot synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazole. Noteworthy features of this catalyst included high percentage yield, mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, and an efficient and straightforward procedure. Furthermore, the FeCeOx@g-C3N4 composite exhibited excellent recyclability and reusability. It could be recycled and reused up to four times without a significant decline in catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmedin Azizi
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, P.O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Saadat
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, P.O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Edrisi
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, P.O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Yoshida S, Shii T, Kitazawa Y, Kim ML, Otal EH, Hattori Y, Kimura M. Nanofiltration Performance of Poly( p-xylylene) Nanofilms with Imidazole Side Chains. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3309. [PMID: 37571204 PMCID: PMC10422224 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the nanofiltration performance of poly(p-xylylene) thin films with imidazole side chains that were deposited onto commercial polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes using a chemical vapor deposition process. The resulting thin films with a few tens of nanometers exhibited water permeation under a pressure difference of 0.5 MPa and selectively rejected water-soluble organic dyes based on their molecular sizes. Additionally, thin flaky ZIF-L crystals (Zn(mim)2·(Hmim)1/2·(H2O)3/2) (Hmim = 2-methylimidazole) formed on the surface of imidazole-containing poly(p-xylylene) films, and the composite films demonstrated the ability to adsorb methylene blue molecules within the cavities of ZIF-L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satsuki Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan (Y.H.)
| | - Takeshi Shii
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan (Y.H.)
| | - Yu Kitazawa
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Manuela L. Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan (Y.H.)
| | - Eugenio H. Otal
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan (Y.H.)
| | - Yoshiyuki Hattori
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan (Y.H.)
| | - Mutsumi Kimura
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan (Y.H.)
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
- Global Aqua Innovation Center, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
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8
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Malihishoja A, Dekamin MG, Eslami M. Magnetic polyborate nanoparticles as a green and efficient catalyst for one-pot four-component synthesis of highly substituted imidazole derivatives. RSC Adv 2023; 13:16584-16601. [PMID: 37274415 PMCID: PMC10234260 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02262e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, magnetic polyborate nanoparticles (MPBNPs) were prepared via a simple procedure from boric acid by using ball-milling and then characterized by various spectroscopic, microscopic and analytical methods including FT-IR, EDX, XRD, FESEM, VSM and TGA analysis. The obtained MPBNPs were further explored, as a green and highly efficient catalyst, in the multi-component synthesis of a wide range of tetra-substituted imidazoles from cascade cyclocondensation as well as in situ air oxidation of benzil or benzoin, aromatic aldehydes, primary amine and ammonium acetate in EtOH, as a green solvent, under reflux conditions. Additionally, environmentally friendly conditions for the preparation of the catalyst by the use of non-toxic reactants, facile procedure and high to excellent yields of the desired products as well as the use of a green solvent are some advantages of this new protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Malihishoja
- Pharmaceutical and Heterocyclic Compounds Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Mohammad G Dekamin
- Pharmaceutical and Heterocyclic Compounds Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Mohammad Eslami
- Department of Chemistry, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology Behbahan 63616-63973 Iran
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9
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Wang H, Zhou T, Wu M, Ye Q, He X. Substituent-Controllable Cascade Regioselective Annulation of β-Enaminones with N-Sulfonyl Triazoles for Modular Access to Imidazoles and Pyrroles. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114416. [PMID: 37298892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A controllable synthesis of trisubstituted imidazoles and pyrroles has been developed through rhodium(II)-catalyzed regioselective annulation of N-sulfonyl-1,2,3-trizaoles with β-enaminones. The imidazole ring was formed through a 1,1-insertion of the N-H bond to α-imino rhodium carbene, followed by a subsequent intramolecular 1,4-conjugate addition. This occurred when the α-carbon atom of the amino group was bearing a methyl group. Additionally, the pyrrole ring was constructed by utilizing a phenyl substituent and undergoing intramolecular nucleophilic addition. The mild conditions, good tolerance towards functional groups, gram-scale synthesis capability, and ability to undergo valuable transformations of the products qualify this unique protocol as an efficient tool for the synthesis of N-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Tongtong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Mengdi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Qingqing Ye
- Department of Medicine, Chuzhou City Vocation College, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Xinwei He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
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10
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Lee S, Dao PDQ, Lim HJ, Cho CS. Recyclable Magnetic Cu-MOF-74-Catalyzed C(sp 2)-N Coupling and Cyclization under Microwave Irradiation: Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2- c]quinazolines and Their Analogues. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:16218-16227. [PMID: 37179653 PMCID: PMC10173347 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic Cu-MOF-74 (Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu-MOF-74) was synthesized for the first time by grafting MOF-74 (copper as the metal center) on the surface of core-shell magnetic carboxyl-functionalized silica gel (Fe3O4@SiO2-COOH), which was prepared by coating core Fe3O4 nanoparticles with hydrolyzed 2-(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl)succinic anhydride and tetraethyl orthosilicate. The structure of Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu-MOF-74 nanoparticles was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The prepared Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu-MOF-74 nanoparticles could be applied as a recyclable catalyst to the synthesis of N-fused hybrid scaffolds. 2-(2-Bromoaryl)imidazoles and 2-(2-bromovinyl)imidazoles were coupled and cyclized with cyanamide in DMF in the presence of a catalytic amount of Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu-MOF-74 along with a base to give imidazo[1,2-c]quinazolines and imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidines, respectively, in good yields. The Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu-MOF-74 catalyst could be easily recovered by a super magnetic bar and recycled more than four times while almost maintaining catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong
Weon Lee
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Kyungpook National
University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Pham Duy Quang Dao
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Kyungpook National
University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Lim
- Department
of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook
National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Sik Cho
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Kyungpook National
University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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11
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Egbujor MC, Tucci P, Onyeije UC, Emeruwa CN, Saso L. NRF2 Activation by Nitrogen Heterocycles: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062751. [PMID: 36985723 PMCID: PMC10058096 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Several nitrogen heterocyclic analogues have been applied to clinical practice, and about 75% of drugs approved by the FDA contain at least a heterocyclic moiety. Thus, nitrogen heterocycles are beneficial scaffolds that occupy a central position in the development of new drugs. The fact that certain nitrogen heterocyclic compounds significantly activate the NRF2/ARE signaling pathway and upregulate the expression of NRF2-dependent genes, especially HO-1 and NQO1, underscores the need to study the roles and pharmacological effects of N-based heterocyclic moieties in NRF2 activation. Furthermore, nitrogen heterocycles exhibit significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. NRF2-activating molecules have been of tremendous research interest in recent times due to their therapeutic roles in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress-mediated diseases. A comprehensive review of the NRF2-inducing activities of N-based heterocycles and their derivatives will broaden their therapeutic prospects in a wide range of diseases. Thus, the present review, as the first of its kind, provides an overview of the roles and effects of nitrogen heterocyclic moieties in the activation of the NRF2 signaling pathway underpinning their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions in several diseases, their pharmacological properties and structural-activity relationship are also discussed with the aim of making new discoveries that will stimulate innovative research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melford C Egbujor
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Rhema University Nigeria, Aba 453115, Nigeria
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Ugomma C Onyeije
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka 420007, Nigeria
| | - Chigbundu N Emeruwa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Rhema University Nigeria, Aba 453115, Nigeria
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Vittorio Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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12
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Li R, Zhou F, Huang X, Zhao J, Zhang H. Pummerer-like Rearrangement Induced Cascade Reactions: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Imidazoles. J Org Chem 2023; 88:739-744. [PMID: 36525640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Imidazoles are among the most important pharmacophores in medicinal chemistry. Herein we report a tandem protocol for the synthesis of highly substituted imidazoles through Pummerer-like rearrangement induced cascade reactions including two carbon-nitrogen bond formations, and concomitant aromatization under mild reaction conditions. This procedure gives imidazole derivatives bearing numerous functional groups and could be used for modifying natural products as well as pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, PR China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, PR China
| | - Xiangdi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, PR China
| | - Jingfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, PR China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research and Development of Natural Products, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, PR China
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13
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Xu H, Chen H, Hu X, Xuan G, Li P, Zhang Z. Synthesis of Fully Substituted 5-( o-Hydroxybenzoyl)imidazoles via Iodine-Promoted Domino Reaction of Aurones with Amidines. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16204-16212. [PMID: 36414000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An iodine-promoted domino reaction of aurones with amidines has been successfully explored. The reaction proceeds in a consecutive manner containing Michael addition, iodination, cyclization from intramolecular nucleophilic substitution, and dehydrogenative aromatization from spiro ring opening. Following this novel strategy, a variety of 1,2,4-trisubstituted 5-(o-hydroxybenzoyl)imidazoles were efficiently synthesized in moderate to good yields from readily available starting materials. A plausible mechanism has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry Application, and School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry Application, and School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry Application, and School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Guang Xuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry Application, and School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry Application, and School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry Application, and School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
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14
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Vil’ VA, Grishin SS, Terent’ev AO. Electrochemically Induced Synthesis of Imidazoles from Vinyl Azides and Benzyl Amines. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227721. [PMID: 36431821 PMCID: PMC9692461 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemically induced synthesis of imidazoles from vinyl azides and benzyl amines was developed. A wide range of imidazoles were obtained, with yields of 30 to 64%. The discovered transformation is a multistep process whose main steps include the generation of electrophilic iodine species, 2H-azirine formation from the vinyl azide, followed by its reactions with benzyl amine and with imine generated from benzyl amine. The cyclization and aromatization of the obtained intermediate lead to the target imidazole. The synthesis proceeds under constant current conditions in an undivided cell. Despite possible cathodic reduction of various unsaturated intermediates with C=N bonds, the efficient electrochemically induced synthesis of imidazoles was carried out.
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15
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Chawla G, Pradhan T, Gupta O, Manaithiya A, Jha DK. An updated review on diverse range of biological activities of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives: Insight into structure activity relationship. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Li J, Jia X, Qiu J, Wang M, Chen J, Jing M, Xu Y, Zheng X, Dai H. Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,2,5-Trisubstituted Imidazoles via a Multicomponent Reaction of Vinyl Azides with Aromatic Aldehydes and Aromatic Amines. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13945-13954. [PMID: 36223536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A facile and efficient approach to the synthesis of 1,2,5-trisubstituted imidazoles is developed via a multicomponent reaction under metal-free catalysis. Under Brønsted acid catalysis, the desired products can be obtained from readily available vinyl azides, aromatic aldehydes, and aromatic amines without generating any toxic waste. The convenient operations and high functional group compatibility indicate that this approach offers an attractive alternative method for the synthesis of imidazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuling Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medical Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Jia
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medical Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Qiu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medical Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medical Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Chen
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medical Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Jing
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medical Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifu Xu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medical Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Zheng
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medical Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Dai
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medical Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, People's Republic of China
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17
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Zadeh MMA, Rostami E, Farhadi A. An Extremely Productive and Sustainable Procedure for the Synthesis of 2,4,5-Trisubstituted Imidazoles Using Graphene Oxide-Substituted Sulfoacetic Acid Amide. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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A Lindqvist type hexamolybdate [Mo6O19]-modified graphene oxide hybrid catalyst: Highly efficient for the synthesis of benzimidazoles. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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19
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Afshari M, Varma RS, Saghanezhad SJ. Catalytic Applications of Heteropoly acid-Supported Nanomaterials in Synthetic Transformations and Environmental Remediation. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2022.2109019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Afshari
- Department of Chemistry, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Panchani NM, Kapadiya KM, Joshi HS. A green approach for the catalyst‐free synthesis of imidazole bearing pyrazole moiety using PEG‐400 as an efficient recyclable medium as potential anti‐tubercular and anti‐microbial agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. M. Panchani
- Department of Chemistry Government Science College Gariyadhar Gujarat India
| | - K. M. Kapadiya
- Bio‐Research and Characterization Centre, Department of Chemistry, School of Science RK University Rajkot Gujarat India
| | - H. S. Joshi
- Department of Chemistry Saurashtra University Rajkot Gujarat India
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21
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De S, Aamna B, Sahu R, Parida S, Behera SK, Dan AK. Seeking heterocyclic scaffolds as antivirals against dengue virus. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 240:114576. [PMID: 35816877 PMCID: PMC9250831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is one of the most typical viral infection categorized in the Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). It is transmitted via the female Aedes aegypti mosquito to humans and majorly puts risk to the lives of more than half of the world. Recent advancements in medicinal chemistry have led to the design and development of numerous potential heterocyclic scaffolds as antiviral drug candidates for the inhibition of the dengue virus (DENV). Thus, in this review, we have discussed the significance of inhibitory and antiviral activities of nitrogen, oxygen, and mixed (nitrogen-sulfur and nitrogen-oxygen) heterocyclic scaffolds that are published in the last seven years (2016–2022). Furthermore, we have also discussed the probable mechanisms of action and the diverse structure-activity relationships (SARs) of the heterocyclic scaffolds. In addition, this review has elaborately outlined the mechanism of viral infection and the life cycle of DENV in the host cells. The wide set of heterocycles and their SARs will aid in the development of pharmaceuticals that will allow the researchers to synthesize the promising anti-dengue drug candidate in the future.
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22
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Jangir N, Bagaria SK, Jangid DK. Nanocatalysts: applications for the synthesis of N-containing five-membered heterocycles. RSC Adv 2022; 12:19640-19666. [PMID: 35865567 PMCID: PMC9258735 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03122a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Using transition metals as nanocatalysts has opened up a vast new area in heterocyclic chemistry in the modern day. Heterocyclic moieties are significant scaffolds that have both pharmacological and industrial applications. Various scientific groups have focused their attention on the expansion of simple reaction protocols by introducing better functional group compatibilities under mild reaction conditions through the use of easily available starting materials. This review provides an outline of the applications of metallic nanoparticles as proficient, recyclable, low-cost and green heterogeneous catalysts for the preparation of a wide range of key therapeutic five-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds as well as some other significant functionalizations over the rings. This review mainly covers the literature published through the period from 2004 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Jangir
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Study), University of Rajasthan JLN Marg Jaipur Rajasthan 302004 India
| | - Surendra Kumar Bagaria
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Study), University of Rajasthan JLN Marg Jaipur Rajasthan 302004 India
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Science College Sikar Rajasthan 332001 India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Jangid
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Study), University of Rajasthan JLN Marg Jaipur Rajasthan 302004 India
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23
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Geng F, Wu S, Gan X, Hou W, Dong J, Zhou Y. TEMPO mediated oxidative annulation of aryl methyl ketones with amines/ammonium acetate for imidazole synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5416-5422. [PMID: 35748805 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00828a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile synthesis of 1H-imidazoles by direct oxidative annulation of aryl methyl ketones and primary amines has been developed in the presence of TEMPO under weakly acidic conditions. By replacing amines with ammonium acetate, 2H-imidazole skeletons were achieved for the first time from ketones. Substrates containing various functional groups, such as alkyl, aryl, naphthyl, halogen (F, Cl, Br, I), nitro, trifluoromethyl, sulfonyl ester, furyl, thienyl, and pyridyl groups, were readily transformed into the desired products. The application potential of this method was verified by the scale-up synthesis and Sonogashira coupling functionalization of imidazoles. Mechanistically, the α-TEMPO-enamine adduct may serve as the key reaction intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Geng
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China. .,School of Physics and Chemistry, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Shaofeng Wu
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Xinyang Gan
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Wenjuan Hou
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Jianyu Dong
- School of Physics and Chemistry, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Yongbo Zhou
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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24
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Synthesis and Selected Transformations of 2-Unsubstituted Imidazole N-Oxides Using a Ball-Milling Mechanochemical Approach. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetically relevant 2-unsubstituted imidazole N-oxides were obtained by using the ball-milling mechanochemical method. The presented approach extended the scope of the known method and enabled the preparation of hitherto little known N(1)-aryl-substituted derivatives, which are of interest as starting materials for the synthesis of more complex imidazole-based organic materials, generally in good to excellent yields. In addition, selected one-pot mechanochemical transformations including N- and O-alkylations as well as sulfur transfer reactions based on either (3+2)-cycloaddition reaction with 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-dithione or sulfurization of the transient imidazol-2-ylidenes, generated from corresponding imidazolium salts, were studied. The reported results can be considered as a continuation of long-term studies focused on the synthesis and applications of 2-unsubstituted imidazole N-oxides.
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25
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Eco-friendly and regiospecific intramolecular cyclization reactions of cyano and carbonyl groups in N,N-disubstituted cyanamide. Mol Divers 2022; 26:2813-2823. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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26
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Influence of Steric Effect on the Pseudo-Multicomponent Synthesis of N-Aroylmethyl-4-Arylimidazoles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041165. [PMID: 35208948 PMCID: PMC8874432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A pseudo-three-component synthesis of N-aroylmethylimidazoles 3 with three new C-N bonds formed regioselectively under microwave conditions was developed. Products were obtained by reacting two equivalents of aroylmethyl bromide (ArCOCH2Br, 1) with the appropriate amidine salt (RCN2H3.HX, 2) and with K2CO3 as a base in acetonitrile. The bicomponent reaction also occurred, giving the expected 4(5)-aryl-1H-imidazoles 4. Notably, the ratio of products 3 and 4 is governed by steric factors of the amidine 2 (i.e., R = H, CH3, Ph). Therefore, a computational study was carried out to understand the reaction course regarding product ratio (3/4), regioselectivity, and the steric effects of the amidine substituent group.
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27
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Cao S, Ma C, Teng X, Chen R, Li Y, Yuan W, Zhu Y. Facile synthesis of fully substituted 1 H-imidazoles from oxime esters via dual photoredox/copper catalyzed multicomponent reactions. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01475k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A novel and efficient photoredox/copper cocatalyzed domino cyclization of oxime esters, aldehydes, and amines has been achieved, affording a broad range of fully substituted 1H-imidazoles in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chongchong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinjie Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rongshun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weidong Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yingguang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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28
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Zhao C, Gu MZ, Chen YY, Hu XW, Xu YB, Lin XM, Liu XN, Chen L, Chen GS, Liu YL. Catalytic divergent synthesis of imidazoles via reaction condition-dependent [3 + 2] cyclization of TosMIC. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8623-8627. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01747d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A base-catalyzed divergent synthesis of 1,4,5-trisubstituted or 1,4-disubstituted imidazoles through TosMIC-based [3 + 2] cyclization reaction has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 51000, China
| | - Man-Zhen Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 51000, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 51000, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 51000, China
| | - Yi-Bing Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 51000, China
| | - Xiao-Min Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 51000, China
| | - Xin-Ni Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 51000, China
| | - Long Chen
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu 610016, China
| | - Guo-Shu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 51000, China
| | - Yun-Lin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 51000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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29
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Jeena V, P. Mabizela L. Molecular Iodine Mediated Synthesis of 2,4,5-Trisubstituted Imidazoles Commencing from α-Methylene Ketones and Benzylic Primary Alcohols Using a One-Pot, Two-Step Approach. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/com-22-14699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Belen’kii LI, Gazieva GA, Evdokimenkova YB, Soboleva NO. The literature of heterocyclic chemistry, Part XX, 2020. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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31
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Valiey E, Dekamin MG. Pyromellitic diamide-diacid bridged mesoporous organosilica nanospheres with controllable morphologies: a novel PMO for the facile and expeditious synthesis of imidazole derivatives. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 4:294-308. [PMID: 36132961 PMCID: PMC9418939 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00738f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, novel pyromellitic diamide-diacid bridged mesoporous organosilica (PMAMOS) nanospheres with controllable morphologies and Brønsted acid catalytic centers were designed and prepared through a convenient method by altering the addition sequence of precursors, solvent, and aging time. The obtained PMAMOSs demonstrate high surface areas and uniform pore sizes. FESEM, HRTEM, BET, EDX, XRD, FTIR and TGA analyses were performed to characterize and examine the effective factors for the preparation of PMAMOS nanospheres. Due to the appropriate physicochemical properties including Brønsted acid centers, suitable surface area and thermal stability of the PMAMOS nanosphere material, it was explored in the three-component reaction of benzyl or benzoin, ammonium acetate, and different aldehyde derivatives as a case study of multicomponent reactions. Corresponding imidazole derivatives were obtained in EtOH under reflux conditions in high to quantitative yields and short reaction times. It was also shown that the heterogeneous solid acid can be reused at least five times with negligible loss of its catalytic activity, indicating the appropriate stability and high activity of the newly introduced mesoporous organosilica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Valiey
- Pharmaceutical and Heterocyclic Compounds Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Iran
| | - Mohammad G Dekamin
- Pharmaceutical and Heterocyclic Compounds Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Iran
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32
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Chen CK, Chen PW, Wang HJ, Yeh MY. Alkyl Chain Length Effects of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids on Electrical and Mechanical Performances of Polyacrylamide/Alginate-Based Hydrogels. Gels 2021; 7:164. [PMID: 34698178 PMCID: PMC8544473 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels with stretchable, flexible and wearable properties have made significant contributions in the area of modern electronics. The polyacrylamide/alginate hydrogels are one of the potential emerging materials for application in a diverse range of fields because of their high stretch and toughness. However, most researchers focus on the investigation of their mechanical and swelling behaviors, and the adhesion and effects of the ionic liquids on the conductivities of polyacrylamide/alginate hydrogels are much less explored. Herein, methacrylated lysine and different alkyl chain substituted imidazole-based monomers (IMCx, x = 2, 4, 6 and 8) were introduced to prepare a series of novel pAMAL-IMCx-Ca hydrogels. We systematically investigated their macroscopic and microscopic properties through tensile tests, electrochemical impedance spectra and scanning electron microscopy, as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and demonstrated that an alkyl chain length of the IMCx plays an important role in the designing of hydrogel strain sensors. The experiment result shows that the hexyl chains of IMC6 can effectively entangle with LysMA through hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, which significantly enhance the mechanical strength of the hydrogels. Furthermore, the different strain rates and the durability of the pAMAL-IMC6-Ca hydrogel were investigated and the relative resistance responses remain almost the same in both conditions, making it a potential candidate for wearable strain sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Kang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Zhongbei Rd., Zhongli Dist., Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan; (C.-K.C.); (P.-W.C.); (H.-J.W.)
| | - Po-Wen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Zhongbei Rd., Zhongli Dist., Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan; (C.-K.C.); (P.-W.C.); (H.-J.W.)
| | - Huan-Jung Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Zhongbei Rd., Zhongli Dist., Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan; (C.-K.C.); (P.-W.C.); (H.-J.W.)
| | - Mei-Yu Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Zhongbei Rd., Zhongli Dist., Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan; (C.-K.C.); (P.-W.C.); (H.-J.W.)
- Center for Nano Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Zhongbei Rd., Zhongli Dist., Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan
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33
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Asressu KH, Chan CK, Wang CC. TMSOTf-catalyzed synthesis of trisubstituted imidazoles using hexamethyldisilazane as a nitrogen source under neat and microwave irradiation conditions. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28061-28071. [PMID: 35480777 PMCID: PMC9039414 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05802a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the process of drug discovery and development, an efficient and expedient synthetic method for imidazole-based small molecules from commercially available and cheap starting materials has great significance. Herein, we developed a TMSOTf-catalyzed synthesis of trisubstituted imidazoles through the reaction of 1,2-diketones and aldehydes using hexamethyldisilazane as a nitrogen source under microwave heating and solvent-free conditions. The chemical structures of representative trisubstituted imidazoles were confirmed using X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. This synthetic method has several advantages including the involvement of mild Lewis acid, being metal- and additive-free, wide substrate scope with good to excellent yields and short reaction time. Furthermore, we demonstrate the application of the methodology in the synthesis of biologically active imidazole-based drugs. Trisubstituted imidazoles are synthesized efficiently from the readily available 1,2-diketones and aldehydes using hexamethyldisilazane as a new and stable nitrogen source under TMSOTf-catalysis system, microwave heating and solvent-free conditions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chieh-Kai Chan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
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Huh DN, Cheng Y, Frye CW, Egger DT, Tonks IA. Multicomponent syntheses of 5- and 6-membered aromatic heterocycles using group 4-8 transition metal catalysts. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9574-9590. [PMID: 34349931 PMCID: PMC8293814 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03037j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this Perspective, we discuss recent syntheses of 5- and 6-membered aromatic heterocycles via multicomponent reactions (MCRs) that are catalyzed by group 4-8 transition metals. These MCRs can be categorized based on the substrate components used to generate the cyclized product, as well as on common mechanistic features between the catalyst systems. These particular groupings are intended to highlight mechanistic and strategic similarities between otherwise disparate transition metals and to encourage future work exploring related systems with otherwise-overlooked elements. Importantly, in many cases these early- to mid-transition metal catalysts have been shown to be as effective for heterocycle syntheses as the later (and more commonly implemented) group 9-11 metals.
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Sharma P, LaRosa C, Antwi J, Govindarajan R, Werbovetz KA. Imidazoles as Potential Anticancer Agents: An Update on Recent Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144213. [PMID: 34299488 PMCID: PMC8307698 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings are common structural components of marketed drugs. Among these heterocycles, imidazole/fused imidazole rings are present in a wide range of bioactive compounds. The unique properties of such structures, including high polarity and the ability to participate in hydrogen bonding and coordination chemistry, allow them to interact with a wide range of biomolecules, and imidazole-/fused imidazole-containing compounds are reported to have a broad spectrum of biological activities. This review summarizes recent reports of imidazole/fused imidazole derivatives as anticancer agents appearing in the peer-reviewed literature from 2018 through 2020. Such molecules have been shown to modulate various targets, including microtubules, tyrosine and serine-threonine kinases, histone deacetylases, p53-Murine Double Minute 2 (MDM2) protein, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), G-quadraplexes, and other targets. Imidazole-containing compounds that display anticancer activity by unknown/undefined mechanisms are also described, as well as key features of structure-activity relationships. This review is intended to provide an overview of recent advances in imidazole-based anticancer drug discovery and development, as well as inspire the design and synthesis of new anticancer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Sharma
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Chris LaRosa
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Janet Antwi
- Division of Mathematics, Computer & Natural Sciences Division, Ohio Dominican University, Columbus, OH 43219, USA;
| | - Rajgopal Govindarajan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Karl A. Werbovetz
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.S.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Wang J, Ansari MF, Lin J, Zhou C. Design and Synthesis of Sulfanilamide Aminophosphonates as Novel Antibacterial Agents towards
Escherichia coli. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Mohammad Fawad Ansari
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Jian‐Mei Lin
- School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan 610072 China
| | - Cheng‐He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
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Kadu VD, Mali GA, Khadul SP, Kothe GJ. Simple practical method for synthesis of trisubstituted imidazoles: an efficient copper catalyzed multicomponent reaction. RSC Adv 2021; 11:21955-21963. [PMID: 35480836 PMCID: PMC9034145 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01767e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid practical process has been developed for synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted-imidazoles in excellent yields up to 95% from readily available starting materials. In this CuI catalyzed synthesis, trisubstituted imidazoles were afforded in short reaction times, wherein the substrate scope is well explored with benzoin as well as benzil reacting with different aldehydes in the presence of ammonium acetate as the nitrogen source. A rapid practical process has been developed for synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted-imidazoles in excellent yields up to 95% from readily available starting materials.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas D Kadu
- School of Chemical Sciences, Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University Solapur-413255 Maharashtra India
| | - Ganesh A Mali
- School of Chemical Sciences, Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University Solapur-413255 Maharashtra India
| | - Siddheshwar P Khadul
- School of Chemical Sciences, Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University Solapur-413255 Maharashtra India
| | - Gokul J Kothe
- School of Chemical Sciences, Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University Solapur-413255 Maharashtra India
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Kim H, Kim M, Song H, Lee E. Indol‐2‐ylidene (IdY): Ambiphilic N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Derived from Indole**. Chemistry 2021; 27:3849-3854. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunho Kim
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Minseop Kim
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Song
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 790-784 Republic of Korea
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Lv L, Chen Y, Shatskiy A, Liu J, Liu X, Kärkäs MD, Wang X. Silver‐Catalyzed [3+1+1] Annulation of Nitrones with Isocyanoacetates as an Approach to 1,4,5‐Trisubstituted Imidazoles. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Lv
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Materials Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Materials Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 China
| | - Andrey Shatskiy
- Department of Chemistry KTH Royal Institute of Technology 100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jian‐Quan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Materials Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 China
- Department of Chemistry KTH Royal Institute of Technology 100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Materials Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 China
| | - Markus D. Kärkäs
- Department of Chemistry KTH Royal Institute of Technology 100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Xiang‐Shan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Materials Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 China
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Bagdi AK, Pattanayak P, Paul S, Mitra M, Choudhuri T, Sheikh AS. Application of Conjugated Carbonyls in the Synthesis of Heterocycles via Oxidative Cycloaddition and Cyclization Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avik Kumar Bagdi
- Department of Chemistry University of Kalyani Kalyani 741235 India
| | | | - Suvam Paul
- Department of Chemistry University of Kalyani Kalyani 741235 India
| | - Mousree Mitra
- Department of Chemistry University of Kalyani Kalyani 741235 India
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Kobayashi F, Fujita M, Ide T, Ito Y, Yamashita K, Egami H, Hamashima Y. Dual-Role Catalysis by Thiobenzoic Acid in Cα–H Arylation under Photoirradiation. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumihisa Kobayashi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujita
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ide
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yuta Ito
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamashita
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Egami
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hamashima
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Singh E, Khan RJ, Jha RK, Amera GM, Jain M, Singh RP, Muthukumaran J, Singh AK. A comprehensive review on promising anti-viral therapeutic candidates identified against main protease from SARS-CoV-2 through various computational methods. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2020; 18:69. [PMID: 33141358 PMCID: PMC7607901 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has shown an exponential trend of infected people across the planet. Crediting its virulent nature, it becomes imperative to identify potential therapeutic agents against the deadly virus. The 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) is a cysteine protease which causes the proteolysis of the replicase polyproteins to generate functional proteins, which is a crucial step for viral replication and infection. Computational methods have been applied in recent studies to identify promising inhibitors against 3CLpro to inhibit the viral activity. Main body of the abstract This review provides an overview of promising drug/lead candidates identified so far against 3CLpro through various in silico approaches such as structure-based virtual screening (SBVS), ligand-based virtual screening (LBVS) and drug-repurposing/drug-reprofiling/drug-retasking. Further, the drugs have been classified according to their chemical structures or biological activity into flavonoids, peptides, terpenes, quinolines, nucleoside and nucleotide analogues, protease inhibitors, phenalene and antibiotic derivatives. These are then individually discussed based on the various structural parameters namely estimated free energy of binding (ΔG), key interacting residues, types of intermolecular interactions and structural stability of 3CLpro-ligand complexes obtained from the results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Conclusion The review provides comprehensive information of potential inhibitors identified through several computational methods thus far against 3CLpro from SARS-CoV-2 and provides a better understanding of their interaction patterns and dynamic states of free and ligand-bound 3CLpro structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekampreet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P, P.C. 201310, India
| | - Rameez Jabeer Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P, P.C. 201310, India
| | - Rajat Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P, P.C. 201310, India
| | - Gizachew Muluneh Amera
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P, P.C. 201310, India
| | - Monika Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P, P.C. 201310, India
| | - Rashmi Prabha Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, IILM College of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida, U.P, India
| | - Jayaraman Muthukumaran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P, P.C. 201310, India.
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P, P.C. 201310, India.
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