1
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Tan MWM, Wang H, Gao D, Huang P, Lee PS. Towards high performance and durable soft tactile actuators. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3485-3535. [PMID: 38411597 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs01017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Soft actuators are gaining significant attention due to their ability to provide realistic tactile sensations in various applications. However, their soft nature makes them vulnerable to damage from external factors, limiting actuation stability and device lifespan. The susceptibility to damage becomes higher with these actuators often in direct contact with their surroundings to generate tactile feedback. Upon onset of damage, the stability or repeatability of the device will be undermined. Eventually, when complete failure occurs, these actuators are disposed of, accumulating waste and driving the consumption of natural resources. This emphasizes the need to enhance the durability of soft tactile actuators for continued operation. This review presents the principles of tactile feedback of actuators, followed by a discussion of the mechanisms, advancements, and challenges faced by soft tactile actuators to realize high actuation performance, categorized by their driving stimuli. Diverse approaches to achieve durability are evaluated, including self-healing, damage resistance, self-cleaning, and temperature stability for soft actuators. In these sections, current challenges and potential material designs are identified, paving the way for developing durable soft tactile actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wei Ming Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Smart Grippers for Soft Robotics (SGSR), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Dace Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Peiwen Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Smart Grippers for Soft Robotics (SGSR), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, 138602, Singapore
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2
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Xu X, Cheng J, Zhao H, He W, Zhang L, Cheng Z. Second-Generation Soft Actuators Driven by NIR Light Based on Croconaine Dye-Doped Vitrimers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:41916-41926. [PMID: 37610709 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Soft actuators with photo-response can be selectively driven by the light source, but it is challenging to achieve a selective response of multiple components under a uniform light field, which is actually of great importance for the development of soft robots. In this work, a series of near-infrared light (NIR)-responsive vitrimers (CR-vitrimers) are synthesized by carboxylate transesterification using carboxyl-bearing croconaine dye (CR-800) as a photothermal agent (PTA). NIR-responsive liquid crystalline elastomers (CR-vitrimer-LCEs) under NIR laser (λmax = 808 nm) without the template can be further prepared. More importantly, the dynamic covalent bonding properties of vitrimer allow for the fabrication of a hand-shaped actuator by hot pressing, consisting of "fingers" with different NIR-response threshold values. After programming as needed, the hand-shaped actuator successfully achieves local and sequential control under a uniform NIR light field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiannan Cheng
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Weiwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RADX), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lifen Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhenping Cheng
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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3
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de Heer Kloots MHP, Schoustra SK, Dijksman JA, Smulders MMJ. Phase separation in supramolecular and covalent adaptable networks. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:2857-2877. [PMID: 37060135 PMCID: PMC10131172 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00047h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Phase separation phenomena have been studied widely in the field of polymer science, and were recently also reported for dynamic polymer networks (DPNs). The mechanisms of phase separation in dynamic polymer networks are of particular interest as the reversible nature of the network can participate in the structuring of the micro- and macroscale domains. In this review, we highlight the underlying mechanisms of phase separation in dynamic polymer networks, distinguishing between supramolecular polymer networks and covalent adaptable networks (CANs). Also, we address the synergistic effects between phase separation and reversible bond exchange. We furthermore discuss the effects of phase separation on the material properties, and how this knowledge can be used to enhance and tune material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn H P de Heer Kloots
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sybren K Schoustra
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Joshua A Dijksman
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Maarten M J Smulders
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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4
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Liang H, Wei Y, Ji Y. Magnetic-responsive Covalent Adaptable Networks. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201177. [PMID: 36645376 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) are reprocessable polymers whose structural arrangement is based on the recombination of dynamic covalent bonds. Composite materials prepared by incorporating magnetic particles into CANs attract much attention due to their remote and precise control, fast response speed, high biological safety and strong penetration of magnetic stimuli. These properties often involve magnetothermal effect and direct magnetic-field guidance. Besides, some of them can also respond to light, electricity or pH values. Thus, they are favorable for soft actuators since various functions are achieved such as magnetic-assisted self-healing (heating or at ambient temperature), welding (on land or under water), shape-morphing, and so on. Although magnetic CANs just start to be studied in recent two years, their advances are promised to expand the practical applications in both cutting-edge academic and engineering fields. This review aims to summarize recent progress in magnetic-responsive CANs, including their design, synthesis and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yen Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Center for Nanotechnology and Institute of Biomedical Technology, Chung-Yuan Christian University Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, P. R. China
| | - Yan Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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5
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Li Z, Guo Z, Yang Y. Development of cyanate
ester‐based
shape memory composite reinforced by
multi‐walled
carbon nanotube modified with silicon dioxide. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Materials Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education Central South University Changsha China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha China
| | - Ziteng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Materials Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education Central South University Changsha China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha China
| | - Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Materials Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education Central South University Changsha China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha China
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6
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Schoustra SK, de Heer Kloots MHP, Posthuma J, van Doorn D, Dijksman JA, Smulders MMJ. Raman Spectroscopy Reveals Phase Separation in Imine-Based Covalent Adaptable Networks. Macromolecules 2022; 55:10341-10355. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sybren K. Schoustra
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn H. P. de Heer Kloots
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Posthuma
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne van Doorn
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua A. Dijksman
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten M. J. Smulders
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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7
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Liu N, Zhang M, Yang R, Wang B, Yang W, Yang F, Xia M, Luo Y. Polybutadiene derived allophanate as the crosslinker for
Diels–Alder
type
self‐healing
polyurethane networks. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Liu
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Rongjie Yang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Bingyu Wang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Fanzhi Yang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Min Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Materials Ministry of Education Beijing China
| | - Yunjun Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Materials Ministry of Education Beijing China
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8
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Choi S, Kim B, Park S, Seo JH, Ahn SK. Slidable Cross-Linking Effect on Liquid Crystal Elastomers: Enhancement of Toughness, Shape-Memory, and Self-Healing Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:32486-32496. [PMID: 35792581 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The network structures of liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are crucial to impart rubbery behavior to LCEs and enable reversible actuation. Most LCEs developed to date are covalently linked, implying that the cross-links are fixed at a particular position. Herein, we report a new class of LCEs integrating polyrotaxanes (PRs) as slidable cross-links (PR-LCEs). Interestingly, the incorporation of a low loading (0.3-2.0 wt %) of the PR cross-linkers to the LCE causes a significant impact on various properties of the resulting PR-LCEs due to the pulley effect. The optimum PR loading is determined to be 0.5 wt %, at which point the toughness and damping behavior are maximized. The robust mechanical properties of the PR-LCE offers a superior actuation performance to that of the pristine LCE along with an excellent quadruple shape-memory effect. Furthermore, the incorporation of PR is useful to enhance the efficiency of shape-memory-assisted self-healing when heating above the nematic-isotropic transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subi Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Bitgaram Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Park
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Kyun Ahn
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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9
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Li J, Zhang S, Ju B. Soft, fully bio‐based poly‐hydroxyl thermosets based on catalyst‐free transesterification with decent re‐processability. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian P. R. China
| | - Shufen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian P. R. China
| | - Benzhi Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian P. R. China
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10
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Li Q, Sun JD, Yang B, Wang H, Zhang DW, Ma D, Li ZT. Cucurbit[7]uril-threaded flexible organic frameworks: Quantitative polycatenation through dynamic covalent chemistry. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Liu Z, Ma Y, Xiang Y, Shen X, Shi Z, Gao J. Integrating Boronic Esters and Anthracene into Covalent Adaptable Networks toward Stimuli-Responsive Elastomers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061104. [PMID: 35335435 PMCID: PMC8954286 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymer materials have a promising potential application in many areas. However, integrating multi-stimuli into one elastomer is still a challenge. Here, we utilized boronic esters and anthracene to prepare a cross-linked poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) (SBS) which was endowed with responsiveness to three stimuli (light, heat, and alcohols). SBS was first functionalized with a certain amount of dihydroxyl groups via a thiol-ene “click” reaction between unsaturated double bonds in PB block and thioglycerol. Then, 9-anthraceneboronic acid was applied to form a cross-linked SBS network upon heat and ultraviolet radiation (λ = 365 nm). The prepared elastomer was demonstrated to be stimuli-responsive based on the dynamic nature of boronic esters and the reversible dimerization of anthracene. In addition, the mechanical properties of the elastomer could be regulated continuously owing to the stimulus responsiveness to ultraviolet or heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China; (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (X.S.)
| | - Youwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation & Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Yixin Xiang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China; (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (X.S.)
| | - Xianrong Shen
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China; (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (X.S.)
| | - Zixing Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation & Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Jiangang Gao
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China; (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (X.S.)
- Correspondence: (Z.S.); (J.G.)
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12
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Cortés A, Pérez-Chao N, Jiménez-Suárez A, Campo M, Prolongo S. Sequential and selective shape memory by remote electrical control. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Ohzono T, Koyama E. Effects of photo-isomerizable side groups on the phase and mechanical properties of main-chain nematic elastomers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00256f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of main-chain nematic liquid crystal elastomers containing various photo-isomerizable side groups branching from the main chain were synthesized. The effects of the side groups on the thermal phase and mechanical properties were explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ohzono
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Emiko Koyama
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
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14
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He E, Yao Y, Zhang Y, Wei Y, Ji Y. Reprocessing of Vitrimer. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a22020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Ma Y, Liu Z, Zhou S, Jiang X, Shi Z, Yin J. Aminoesterenamide Achieved by Three-Component Reaction Heading toward Tailoring Covalent Adaptable Network with Great Freedom. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100394. [PMID: 34418207 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) have recently received extensive interests due to their reprocessability and repairability. Rethinking the libraries of the published CANs, most of them are fabricated by one/two-component reactions and few cases utilize multi-component reactions to construct CANs while multi-component reactions are conductive to tailoring the properties of polymers due to their structural designability and flexible choice of raw materials. A novel kind of dynamic covalent bond named aminoesterenamide is presented through three-component reaction between acetoacetyl, amine and isocyanate. Aminoesterenamide exhibits thermal reversibility through dissociating into vinylogous urethane and isocyanate. When it is used to prepare CANs, the synthesized polymer networks can be reprocessed many times via the exchange reaction between aminoesterenamides. Moreover, the forming of aminoesterenamide involving three starting components imparts CANs with great freedom to tailor their properties. Therefore, the authors believe this method that utilizes three-component reaction to fabricate CANs would bring new stories and perspectives to the exploration of new types of CANs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zixing Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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16
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Chen L, Bisoyi HK, Huang Y, Huang S, Wang M, Yang H, Li Q. Healable and Rearrangeable Networks of Liquid Crystal Elastomers Enabled by Diselenide Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16394-16398. [PMID: 33977661 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Based on liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) materials, hierarchically structured soft actuators can meet some requirements for "human-friendly" working mode and execute complex tasks with intelligent adaptation to environmental changes. However, few researchers have paid much attention to the preparation methods of multicomponent/hierarchical LCE actuators. In this communication, we demonstrate the successful integration of an exchangeable diselenide chain extender for the preparation of dynamic LCEs, which could be reprogrammed on heating or under visible light illumination. Moreover, the rearrangeable polydiselenide networks could be applied to develop the self-welding technology toward fabricating hierarchically structured LCE actuators with sophisticated deformability without using any auxiliary reagent (adhesive, tape, catalysts or initiator) during the assembling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Hari Krishna Bisoyi
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Yinliang Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Quan Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.,Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
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17
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Chen L, Bisoyi HK, Huang Y, Huang S, Wang M, Yang H, Li Q. Healable and Rearrangeable Networks of Liquid Crystal Elastomers Enabled by Diselenide Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Institute of Advanced Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Hari Krishna Bisoyi
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program Kent State University Kent OH 44242 USA
| | - Yinliang Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Hong Yang
- Institute of Advanced Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Quan Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program Kent State University Kent OH 44242 USA
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Wemyss AM, Ellingford C, Morishita Y, Bowen C, Wan C. Dynamic Polymer Networks: A New Avenue towards Sustainable and Advanced Soft Machines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13725-13736. [PMID: 33411416 PMCID: PMC8248167 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While the fascinating field of soft machines has grown rapidly over the last two decades, the materials they are constructed from have remained largely unchanged during this time. Parallel activities have led to significant advances in the field of dynamic polymer networks, leading to the design of three-dimensionally cross-linked polymeric materials that are able to adapt and transform through stimuli-induced bond exchange. Recent work has begun to merge these two fields of research by incorporating the stimuli-responsive properties of dynamic polymer networks into soft machine components. These include dielectric elastomers, stretchable electrodes, nanogenerators, and energy storage devices. In this Minireview, we outline recent progress made in this emerging research area and discuss future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Wemyss
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM)WMGUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Christopher Ellingford
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM)WMGUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Yoshihiro Morishita
- Core Technology Research DepartmentAdvanced Materials DivisionBridgestone CorporationJapan
| | - Chris Bowen
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of BathBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Chaoying Wan
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM)WMGUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
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19
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Li X, Hou Q, Zhang J, Cui Q, Xu S, Ding X. The role of branching architecture in shape memory
semi‐IPNs
: Shape memory effect and tube model analysis. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Linyi University Linyi P. R. China
| | - Qing Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Linyi University Linyi P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Linyi University Linyi P. R. China
| | - Qiuyue Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Linyi University Linyi P. R. China
| | - Shoufang Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Linyi University Linyi P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Ding
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu P. R. China
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20
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Rodin M, Li J, Kuckling D. Dually cross-linked single networks: structures and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8147-8177. [PMID: 34059857 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01585g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linked polymers have attracted an immense attention over the years, however, there are many flaws of these systems, e.g. softness and brittleness; such materials possess non-adjustable properties and cannot recover from damage and thus are limited in their practical applications. Supramolecular chemistry offers a variety of dynamic interactions that when integrated into polymeric gels endow the systems with reversibility and responsiveness to external stimuli. A combination of different cross-links in a single gel could be the key to tackle these drawbacks, since covalent or chemical cross-linking serve to maintain the permanent shape of the material and to improve overall mechanical performance, whereas non-covalent cross-links impart dynamicity, reversibility, stimuli-responsiveness and often toughness to the material. In the present review we sought to give a comprehensive overview of the progress in design strategies of different types of dually cross-linked single gels made by researchers over the past decade as well as the successful implementations of these advances in many demanding fields where versatile multifunctional materials are required, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, self-healing and adhesive systems, sensors as well as shape memory materials and actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Rodin
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
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21
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Wemyss AM, Ellingford C, Morishita Y, Bowen C, Wan C. Dynamic Polymer Networks: A New Avenue towards Sustainable and Advanced Soft Machines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Wemyss
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM) WMG University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Christopher Ellingford
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM) WMG University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Yoshihiro Morishita
- Core Technology Research Department Advanced Materials Division Bridgestone Corporation Japan
| | - Chris Bowen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Chaoying Wan
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM) WMG University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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22
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Hammer L, Van Zee NJ, Nicolaÿ R. Dually Crosslinked Polymer Networks Incorporating Dynamic Covalent Bonds. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:396. [PMID: 33513741 PMCID: PMC7865237 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) are polymeric networks containing covalent crosslinks that are dynamic under specific conditions. In addition to possessing the malleability of thermoplastics and the dimensional stability of thermosets, CANs exhibit a unique combination of physical properties, including adaptability, self-healing, shape-memory, stimuli-responsiveness, and enhanced recyclability. The physical properties and the service conditions (such as temperature, pH, and humidity) of CANs are defined by the nature of their constituent dynamic covalent bonds (DCBs). In response to the increasing demand for more sophisticated and adaptable materials, the scientific community has identified dual dynamic networks (DDNs) as a promising new class of polymeric materials. By combining two (or more) distinct crosslinkers in one system, a material with tailored thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties can be designed. One remarkable ability of DDNs is their capacity to combine dimensional stability, bond dynamicity, and multi-responsiveness. This review aims to give an overview of the advances in the emerging field of DDNs with a special emphasis on their design, structure-property relationships, and applications. This review illustrates how DDNs offer many prospects that single (dynamic) networks cannot provide and highlights the challenges associated with their synthesis and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renaud Nicolaÿ
- Chimie Moléculaire, Macromoléculaire, Matériaux, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, Université PSL, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France; (L.H.); (N.J.V.Z.)
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23
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Shi J, Zheng T, Zhang Y, Guo B, Xu J. Cross-linked polyurethane with dynamic phenol-carbamate bonds: properties affected by the chemical structure of isocyanate. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00157d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Based on the phenol–carbamate dynamic bond, we designed a strategy to regulate the rearrangement kinetics of the dynamic covalent network in polyurethanes by adjusting the chemical structure of aliphatic isocyanates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Shi
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education (MOE)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Tianze Zheng
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education (MOE)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education (MOE)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Baohua Guo
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education (MOE)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jun Xu
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education (MOE)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
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24
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Liu S, Liu X, He Z, Liu L, Niu H. Thermoreversible cross-linking of ethylene/propylene copolymers based on Diels–Alder chemistry: the cross-linking reaction kinetics. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01046d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of the cross-linking reaction of ethylene/propylene rubbers based on Diels–Alder chemistry was detected by the rheological method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center
- Petrochemical Research Institute
- PetroChina
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Zongke He
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Liying Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Hui Niu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
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