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Gui Q, Liu Z, Sun X, Guo G, Yuan Y, Zhang H. Design, Synthesis, and Performance of Photo-Responsive Liquid Crystal Polymers with Stepwise Deformation Capability. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2400193. [PMID: 38837543 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Photo-responsive liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) have potential application value in flexible robots, artificial muscles, and microfluidic control. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the development of LCPs. However, the preparation of LCPs with continuous and controllable stepwise deformation capabilities remains a challenge. In this study, visible photo-responsive cyanostilbene monomer, UV photo-responsive azobenzene monomer, and multiple hydrogen bond crosslinker are used to prepare photo-responsive LCPs capable of achieving continuously and controllable stepwise deformation. The comprehensive investigation of the multiple light response ability and photo-induced deformation properties of these copolymers is conducted. The results reveal that in the first stage of photo-induced deformation under 470 nm blue light irradiation, the deformation angle decreases with a reduction in cyanostilbene content in the copolymer component, ranging from 40° in AZ0-CS4 to 0° in AZ4-CS0. In the second stage of photo-induced deformation under 365 nm UV irradiation, the deformation angle increases with the increase of azobenzene content, ranging from 0° of AZ0-CS4 to 89.4° of AZ4-CS0. Importantly, the deformation between these two stages occurs as a continuous process, allowing for a direct transition from the first-stage to the second-stage deformation by switching the light source from 470 to 365 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Gui
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Functional Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, 411105, China
| | - Zui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Functional Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, 411105, China
| | - Xiangling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Functional Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, 411105, China
| | - Guangqiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Functional Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, 411105, China
| | - Yongjie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Functional Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, 411105, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Functional Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, 411105, China
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2
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Wang HQ, Tang Y, Huang ZY, Wang FZ, Qiu PF, Zhang X, Li CH, Li Q. A Dual-Responsive Liquid Crystal Elastomer for Multi-Level Encryption and Transient Information Display. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313728. [PMID: 37818673 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Information security has gained increasing attention in the past decade, leading to the development of advanced materials for anti-counterfeiting, encryption and instantaneous information display. However, it remains challenging to achieve high information security with simple encryption procedures and low-energy stimuli. Herein, a series of strain/temperature-responsive liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are developed to achieve dual-modal, multi-level information encryption and real-time, rewritable transient information display. The as-prepared polydomain LCEs can change from an opaque state to a transparent state under strain or temperature stimuli, with the transition strains or temperatures highly dependent on the concentration of long-chain flexible spacers. Information encrypted by different LCE inks can be decrypted under specific strains or temperatures, leading to multi-level protection of information security. Furthermore, with the combination of the phase transition of polydomain LCEs and the photothermal effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), we achieved a repeatable transient information display by using near-infrared (NIR) light as a pen for writing. This study provides new insight into the development of advanced encryption materials with versatility and high security for broad applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqi Tang
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, 211189, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Yang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang-Zhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng-Fei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinfang Zhang
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, 44242, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Cheng-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Quan Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, 211189, Nanjing, China
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, 44242, Kent, Ohio, USA
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Kong S, Wang H, Ubba E, Xiao Y, Yu T, Huang W. Recent Developments of Photodeformable Polymers: From Materials to Applications. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0242. [PMID: 37779636 PMCID: PMC10540999 DOI: 10.34133/research.0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Photodeformable polymer materials have a far influence in the fields of flexibility and intelligence. The stimulation energy is converted into mechanical energy through molecular synergy. Among kinds of photodeformable polymer materials, liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) photodeformable materials have been a hot topic in recent years. Chromophores such as azobenzene, α-cyanostilbene, and 9,10-dithiopheneanthracene have been widely used in LCP, which are helpful for designing functional molecules to increase the penetration depth of light to change physical properties. Due to the various applications of photodeformable polymer materials, there are many excellent reports in intelligent field. In this review, we have systematized LCP containing azobenzene into 3 categories depending on the degree of crosslinking liquid crystalline elastomers, liquid crystalline networks, and linear LCPs. Other structural, typical polymer materials and their applications are discussed. Current issues faced and future directions to be developed for photodeformable polymer materials are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Kong
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi
Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Hailan Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi
Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Eethamukkala Ubba
- OMC Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry,
School of Advanced Sciences, VITVellore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Yuxin Xiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi
Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi
Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi
Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM),
Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays &Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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4
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Programmable droplets: Leveraging digitally-responsive flow fields to actively tune liquid morphologies. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264141. [PMID: 35320284 PMCID: PMC8942257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulus-responsive materials enable programmable and adaptive behaviors. Typical solid-phase systems can only achieve small deformations for applications where shape transformations are beneficial or required. Liquids, in contrast, can self-assemble and achieve very high strains in a multifluid environment. Here we report liquid droplet formation by tuning flow potential within a confined fluidic cell. We digitally inject small volumes of liquid-pigment into an otherwise-transparent liquid layer, generating macroscopic droplet assembly over large areas constrained between closely-spaced plates. Droplet morphology is actively controlled by modulating outlet conditions to tune flow fields. Pattern stability is maintained through control over injection rate, interfacial viscosity difference, and interfacial surface tension. We demonstrate time-dependent droplet formation and migration to achieve spatially-tunable optical properties. Applied as a multi-cell array, we imagine this liquid mechanism will enable scalable pattern dynamics for active shading and visual display technologies.
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Liu Z, Guo G, Liao J, Yuan Y, Zhang H. Manipulated and Improved Photoinduced Deformation Property of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystal Elastomers by Copolymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100717. [PMID: 35083802 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Guangqiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Junqiu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Yongjie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
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Zhang Y, Yuan J, Zhao X, Wu L, Liu Z, Song XM. The photoinduced back-and-forth deformation behavior of poly(arylene ether)s containing bis-azobenzene groups in the main chain. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01542g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of poly(arylene ether)s containing various bis-azobenzene groups in the main chain were synthesized and showed photoinduced back-and-forth deformation behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Jianhang Yuan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Le Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Xi-Ming Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
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Lugger SJD, Houben SJA, Foelen Y, Debije MG, Schenning APHJ, Mulder DJ. Hydrogen-Bonded Supramolecular Liquid Crystal Polymers: Smart Materials with Stimuli-Responsive, Self-Healing, and Recyclable Properties. Chem Rev 2021; 122:4946-4975. [PMID: 34428022 PMCID: PMC8915167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
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Hydrogen-bonded liquid
crystalline polymers have emerged as promising
“smart” supramolecular functional materials with stimuli-responsive,
self-healing, and recyclable properties. The hydrogen bonds can either
be used as chemically responsive (i.e., pH-responsive) or as dynamic
structural (i.e., temperature-responsive) moieties. Responsiveness
can be manifested as changes in shape, color, or porosity and as selective
binding. The liquid crystalline self-organization gives the materials
their unique responsive nanostructures. Typically, the materials used
for actuators or optical materials are constructed using linear calamitic
(rod-shaped) hydrogen-bonded complexes, while nanoporous materials
are constructed from either calamitic or discotic (disk-shaped) complexes.
The dynamic structural character of the hydrogen bond moieties can
be used to construct self-healing and recyclable supramolecular materials.
In this review, recent findings are summarized, and potential future
applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean J D Lugger
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Simon J A Houben
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Yari Foelen
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Michael G Debije
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Albert P H J Schenning
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,SCNU-TUE Joint Laboratory of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), South China Normal University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 510006 Guangzhou, China.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Mulder
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Kondo M, Kojima D, Ootsuki N, Kawatsuki N. Photoinduced Exfoliation of a Polymeric
N
‐Benzylideneaniline Liquid‐Crystalline Composite Based on a Photoisomerization‐Triggered Phase Transition. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Kondo
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering University of Hyogo 2167 Shosha Himeji Hyogo 671‐2280 Japan
| | - Daijoro Kojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering University of Hyogo 2167 Shosha Himeji Hyogo 671‐2280 Japan
| | - Naoya Ootsuki
- Technical Development Department ThreeBond Co., Ltd. Sagamihara 252‐0146 Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kawatsuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering University of Hyogo 2167 Shosha Himeji Hyogo 671‐2280 Japan
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Liu Z, He L, Gui Q, Yuan Y, Zhang H. Preparation, property manipulation and application of ɑ-cyanostilbene-containing photoresponsive liquid crystal elastomers with different alkoxy tail length. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Multiple hydrogen-bonded cross-linked photo-responsive liquid crystal elastomers with photo-responsive fluorescence. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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