1
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Jia L, Li Y, Ren A, Xiang T, Zhou S. Degradable and Recyclable Hydrogels for Sustainable Bioelectronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:32887-32905. [PMID: 38904545 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel bioelectronics has been widely used in wearable sensors, electronic skin, human-machine interfaces, and implantable tissue-electrode interfaces, providing great convenience for human health, safety, and education. The generation of electronic waste from bioelectronic devices jeopardizes human health and the natural environment. The development of degradable and recyclable hydrogels is recognized as a paradigm for realizing the next generation of environmentally friendly and sustainable bioelectronics. This review first summarizes the wide range of applications for bioelectronics, including wearable and implantable devices. Then, the employment of natural and synthetic polymers in hydrogel bioelectronics is discussed in terms of degradability and recyclability. Finally, this work provides constructive thoughts and perspectives on the current challenges toward hydrogel bioelectronics, providing valuable insights and guidance for the future evolution of sustainable hydrogel bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghao Jia
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yuanhong Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Aobo Ren
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Tao Xiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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2
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Zhang M, Shen H, Hakobyan K, Jiang Z, Liang K, Xu J. Robust Hydrogel Actuators Functioning in Multi-Environments Enabled by Thermo-Responsive Polymer Nanoparticle Coatings on Hydrogel Surfaces. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400534. [PMID: 38597736 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel actuators with anisotropic structures exhibit reversible responsiveness upon the trigger of various external stimuli, rendering them promising for applications in many fields including artificial muscles and soft robotics. However, their effective operation across multiple environments remains a persistent challenge, even for widely studied thermo-responsive polymers like poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm). Current attempts to address this issue are hindered by complex synthetic procedures or specific substrates. This study introduces a straightforward methodology to grow a thin, dense PNIPAm nanoparticle layer on diverse hydrogel surfaces, creating a highly temperature-sensitive hydrogel actuator. This actuator demonstrates adaptability across various environments, including water, oil, and open air, owing to its distinct structure facilitating self-water circulation during actuation. The thin PNIPAm layer consists of interconnected PNIPAm nanoparticles synthesized via in situ interfacial precipitation polymerization, seamlessly bonded to the hydrogel substrate through an interfacial layer containing hybrid hydrogel/PNIPAm nanoparticles. This unique anisotropic structure ensures exceptional structural stability without interfacial delamination, even enduring harsh treatments such as freezing, ultrasonic irradiation, and prolonged water immersion. Remarkably, PNIPAm films on hydrogel surfaces which enable programmable 3D actuation can also be precisely patterned. This synthetic approach opens a novel pathway for fabricating advanced hydrogel actuators with broad-ranging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Haokun Shen
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Karen Hakobyan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Zhen Jiang
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Sydney, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Kang Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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3
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Xiang T, Guo Q, Jia L, Yin T, Huang W, Zhang X, Zhou S. Multifunctional Hydrogels for the Healing of Diabetic Wounds. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2301885. [PMID: 37702116 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The healing of diabetic wounds is hindered by various factors, including bacterial infection, macrophage dysfunction, excess proinflammatory cytokines, high levels of reactive oxygen species, and sustained hypoxia. These factors collectively impede cellular behaviors and the healing process. Consequently, this review presents intelligent hydrogels equipped with multifunctional capacities, which enable them to dynamically respond to the microenvironment and accelerate wound healing in various ways, including stimuli -responsiveness, injectable self-healing, shape -memory, and conductive and real-time monitoring properties. The relationship between the multiple functions and wound healing is also discussed. Based on the microenvironment of diabetic wounds, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and pro-angiogenic strategies are combined with multifunctional hydrogels. The application of multifunctional hydrogels in the repair of diabetic wounds is systematically discussed, aiming to provide guidelines for fabricating hydrogels for diabetic wound healing and exploring the role of intelligent hydrogels in the therapeutic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Qianru Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Lianghao Jia
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Yin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
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4
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Roopsung N, Sugawara A, Hsu YI, Asoh TA, Uyama H. Cellulose Nanocrystal-Based Gradient Hydrogel Actuators with Controllable Bending Properties. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300205. [PMID: 37335985 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive hydrogel actuators are being increasingly used in microtechnology, but typical bilayer hydrogel actuators have significant drawbacks due to weak adhesive interface between the two layers. In this study, thermoresponsive single-layer hydrogel actuators are produced by generating a gradient distribution of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogel network by electrophoresis. Tunable bending properties of the composite hydrogels, such as the thermoresponsive bending speed and angle, are realized by varying the electrophoresis time, applied voltage, and CNC concentration. By varying these conditions, the gradient distribution of the CNCs can be optimized, leading to fast bending and large bending angles of the hydrogels. Bending properties are attributed to the gradient distribution of CNCs causing different deswelling rates across the hydrogel network owing to reinforcing effects. Bending ability is also influenced by differences in the CNC dimensions based on the sources of cellulose, which determine the rigidity of the CNC-rich layer of the polymer composite. It is thus shown that thermoresponsive single-layer gradient hydrogels with tunable bending properties can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nontarin Roopsung
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihide Sugawara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yu-I Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Asoh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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5
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Hu L, Chee PL, Sugiarto S, Yu Y, Shi C, Yan R, Yao Z, Shi X, Zhi J, Kai D, Yu HD, Huang W. Hydrogel-Based Flexible Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2205326. [PMID: 36037508 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronics is an emerging field of research involving multiple disciplines, which include but not limited to physics, chemistry, materials science, electronic engineering, and biology. However, the broad applications of flexible electronics are still restricted due to several limitations, including high Young's modulus, poor biocompatibility, and poor responsiveness. Innovative materials aiming for overcoming these drawbacks and boost its practical application is highly desirable. Hydrogel is a class of 3D crosslinked hydrated polymer networks, and its exceptional material properties render it as a promising candidate for the next generation of flexible electronics. Here, the latest methods of synthesizing advanced functional hydrogels and the state-of-art applications of hydrogel-based flexible electronics in various fields are reviewed. More importantly, the correlation between properties of the hydrogel and device performance is discussed here, to have better understanding of the development of flexible electronics by using environmentally responsive hydrogels. Last, perspectives on the current challenges and future directions in the development of hydrogel-based multifunctional flexible electronics are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixuan Hu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Pei Lin Chee
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A∗STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, No. 08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Sigit Sugiarto
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A∗STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, No. 08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Yong Yu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A∗STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, No. 08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Chuanqian Shi
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Ren Yan
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoqi Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xuewen Shi
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jiacai Zhi
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Dan Kai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A∗STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, No. 08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), A∗STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, No. 08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Hai-Dong Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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6
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Chen P, Ruan Q, Nasseri R, Zhang H, Xi X, Xia H, Xu G, Xie Q, Yi C, Sun Z, Shahsavan H, Zhang W. Light-Fueled Hydrogel Actuators with Controlled Deformation and Photocatalytic Activity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2204730. [PMID: 36253140 PMCID: PMC9731706 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel actuators have shown great promise in underwater robotic applications as they can generate controllable shape transformations upon stimulation due to their ability to absorb and release water reversibly. Herein, a photoresponsive anisotropic hydrogel actuator is developed from poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and gold-decorated carbon nitride (Au/g-C3 N4 ) nanoparticles. Carbon nitride nanoparticles endow hydrogel actuators with photocatalytic properties, while their reorientation and mobility driven by the electrical field provide anisotropic properties to the surrounding network. A variety of light-fueled soft robotic functionalities including controllable and programmable shape-change, gripping, and locomotion is elicited. A responsive flower-like photocatalytic reactor is also fabricated, for water splitting, which maximizes its energy-harvesting efficiency, that is, hydrogen generation rate of 1061.82 µmol g-1 h-1 , and the apparent quantum yield of 8.55% at 400 nm, by facing its light-receiving area adaptively towards the light. The synergy between photoactive and photocatalytic properties of this hydrogel portrays a new perspective for the design of underwater robotic and photocatalytic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Qiushi Ruan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Rasool Nasseri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Hanning Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Xufeng Xi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Huan Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Gang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Qian Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Chengjie Yi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - ZhengMing Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Hamed Shahsavan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
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7
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Wei J, Li R, Li L, Wang W, Chen T. Touch-Responsive Hydrogel for Biomimetic Flytrap-Like Soft Actuator. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:182. [PMID: 36063236 PMCID: PMC9445118 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive hydrogel is regarded as one of the most promising smart soft materials for the next-generation advanced technologies and intelligence robots, but the limited variety of stimulus has become a non-negligible issue restricting its further development. Herein, we develop a new stimulus of "touch" (i.e., spatial contact with foreign object) for smart materials and propose a flytrap-inspired touch-responsive polymeric hydrogel based on supersaturated salt solution, exhibiting multiple responsive behaviors in crystallization, heat releasing, and electric signal under touch stimulation. Furthermore, utilizing flytrap-like cascade response strategy, a soft actuator with touch-responsive actuation is fabricated by employing the touch-responsive hydrogel and the thermo-responsive hydrogel. This investigation provides a facile and versatile strategy to design touch-responsive smart materials, enabling a profound potential application in intelligence areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, People's Republic of China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, People's Republic of China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Zhang Y, Fan G, Jiang J, Liu Z, Liu Z, Li G. Light-Guided Growth of Gradient Hydrogels with Programmable Geometries and Thermally Responsive Actuations. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:29188-29196. [PMID: 35709501 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel actuators have gained considerable interest and experienced significant advancements in recent years. However, the programming of their actuating behaviors is still challenging. Herein, we report the development and regulation of gradient structures of hydrogels for programmable thermally responsive actuating behaviors. The hydrogel actuators are developed by controlling the photoreduction of Fe3+ ions coordinated with carboxylate groups from the substrates and their limited diffusion into the precursor solutions to act as both initiators and crosslinkers. The developed hydrogels show well-defined external geometries and controllable thicknesses under spatiotemporal control of ultraviolet irradiation. The shapes and the actuation amplitudes of the hydrogel actuators can be independently regulated by controlling the formation and photodissociation of Fe3+-carboxylate coordination in the formed gradient networks. Some interesting applications such as the lifting of an object with a specific shape and directional walking are realized. The proposed method can be extended to other hydrogel actuators with different compositions and stimuli-responsive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Guanglin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Jinqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Zhaotie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Zhongwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Guo Li
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
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9
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Jia L, Wu S, Yuan R, Xiang T, Zhou S. Biomimetic Microstructured Antifatigue Fracture Hydrogel Sensor for Human Motion Detection with Enhanced Sensing Sensitivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:27371-27382. [PMID: 35642788 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antifatigue fracture performance and high sensing sensitivity are key characteristics for hydrogel sensors used in flexible electronic applications. Herein, inspired by human muscle tissues and epidermal skin tissues, an effective and straightforward strategy is proposed to fabricate hydrogel sensors for detecting human motion with antifatigue fracture performance and high sensing sensitivity. The crystalline regions and orientation along the stretching direction of cellulose nanofiber@carbon nanotube nanohybrids in the hydrogels provide antifatigue fracture performance (the crack does not expand after 2000 stretching cycles, and the fatigue threshold was calculated to be 187 J/m2), which protects hydrogels from severe damage during long-term use. In addition, the microstructured surfaces of the hydrogels with a random height distribution increase the contact area and improve the response to weak stimuli, resulting in a sensing sensitivity of 1.11 kPa-1, 18 times higher than that of a flat hydrogel. This sensing sensitivity is higher than those of most of the hydrogel-based pressure sensors that have been reported earlier. By integrating antifatigue fracture performance and enhanced sensing sensitivity, biomimetic microstructured hydrogel sensors show great potential for use in future flexible electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Ruiting Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
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10
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Gradient Hydrogels-Overview of Techniques Demonstrating the Existence of a Gradient. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050866. [PMID: 35267689 PMCID: PMC8912830 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gradient hydrogels are promising future materials which could be usable in tissue engineering (scaffolds), pharmaceutical (drug delivery systems with controlled release) and many others related disciplines. These hydrogels exhibit a more complex inner (gradient) structure (e.g., concentration gradient) than simple isotropic hydrogel. Gradient-structured hydrogels could be beneficial in, for example, understanding intercellular interactions. The fabrication of gradient hydrogels has been relatively deeply explored, but a comprehensive description of the physico-chemical techniques demonstrating the existence of a gradient structure is still missing. Here, we summarize the state-of-the-art available experimental techniques applicable in proving and/or describing in physico-chemical terms the inner gradient structure of hydrogels. The aim of this paper is to give the reader an overview of the existing database of suitable techniques for characterizing gradient hydrogels.
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11
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An X, Li Y, Xu M, Xu Z, Ma W, Du R, Wan G, Yan H, Cao Y, Ma D, Zhang Q, Jia X. A reconfigurable crosslinking system via an asymmetric metal–ligand coordination strategy. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00132b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report an asymmetric metal–ligand coordination strategy for reconfigurable elastomers. EXAFS is first introduced to monitor the structure change in M–L crosslinked polymers during stretching at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming An
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yiran Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, School of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Ming Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wencan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ruichun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, CA 94350, USA
| | - Hongping Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 95403, USA
| | - Yi Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, School of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Ding Ma
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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12
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Xiang T, Wang J, Jia L, Wang P, Zhou S. Semicrystalline polymer networks with a swelling-enhanced water-triggered two-way shape-memory effect for programmable deformation and smart actuation. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01347a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A simple, effective and universal strategy is proposed to fabricate a water-triggered two-way shape-memory polymer with the highest angle reversibility of 45.2%, which can be applied as a soft gripper and water level monitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Lianghao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Pan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
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13
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Liu J, Xu L, He C, Lu X, Wang F. Transparent low-voltage-driven soft actuators with silver nanowires Joule heaters. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00837d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transparent soft actuators with silver nanowire Joule heaters embedded in liquid crystal elastomer and PDMS layer was prepared, and it can perform reversible large bending deformation driven by low voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Lulu Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chaobin He
- Polymer Composites, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Xuehong Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - FuKe Wang
- Polymer Composites, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore
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