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Xu Y, Zhang S, Huang D, Wu X. Reactions of alkynes with C-S bond formation: recent developments. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:6443-6484. [PMID: 39041389 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00804a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Alkynes are important in organic synthesis. This review mainly focuses on recent advances (2013-2023) on alkynes with C-S bond formation, based on more than 30 types of sulfur reagents. The reactions of alkynes with various sulfur-containing compounds including RSSR (disulfides), RSH (thiols), S8 (elemental sulphur), alkynyl thioethers, RSCN, AgSCF3, K2S, Na2S, dithiane, RSCl, NFSI, RNCS, EtOCS2K, thiocarbamate, RSONH2, thiourea, sulfoxide, RSO2N3, CS2, RSO2NH2, RSO2NHNH2, RSO2Cl, RSO2Oar, RSO2SR', DABCO·(SO2)2, Na2S2O5, K2S2O5, RSO2H, RSO2Na and related compounds are discussed. Diverse mechanisms such as radical, electrophilic/nucleophilic addition, rearrangement, C-C bond cleavage, and CuAAC are discussed. The content is organized by substrates and reactivity patterns. We hope it will help in future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemei Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Lishui University, No. 1, Xueyuan Road, Lishui City 323000, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China.
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Lishui University, No. 1, Xueyuan Road, Lishui City 323000, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China.
| | - Dayun Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Lishui University, No. 1, Xueyuan Road, Lishui City 323000, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China.
| | - Xiangmei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Lishui University, No. 1, Xueyuan Road, Lishui City 323000, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China.
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2
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Murugappan S, Kuthe PV, Chandra Sekhar KVG, Sankaranarayanan M. Recent developments in thiochromene chemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39026505 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00690a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Thiochromenes are versatile sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds that have received considerable interest in drug discovery because of their ability to act as crucial building blocks for synthesizing bioactive compounds. In particular, these scaffolds have found utility in the design of anticancer, anti-HIV, antioxidant, and antimicrobial agents, among others. Despite their pharmacological potential, the synthesis of these scaffolds is less explored in contrast to their oxygen-containing counterparts. This review classifies the synthetic processes into Michael addition, cycloaddition, ring-opening, coupling, cyclization and Diels-Alder reactions, and others. Reaction mechanisms, circumstances, and important instances are thoroughly discussed in each area. For instance, chiral catalysts and substrates like mercaptobenzaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde are used in Michael addition processes to achieve excellent enantioselectivity. In cycloaddition reactions, readily available substrates such as thioisatins and alkynes achieve regioselectivity and product production. Thiochromenes are also synthesized by ring-opening reactions with epoxides or aziridines. These reactions demonstrate the importance of catalysts and solvents in reaction control, particularly palladium catalysts for aryl halides and thiol coupling processes. Another major class discussed is cyclization reactions with alkynyl thiols and alkynes under regulated temperature and pressure conditions to efficiently synthesize thiochromenes. With the use of chiral substrates and catalysts, Diels-Alder processes increase yields and selectivity and enhance the variety of thiochromene compounds. This review emphasizes the versatility of thiochromenes in drug discovery and consolidates the existing literature on thiochromenes, scrutinizing the gaps and opportunities for synthesizing novel thiochromene-containing lead molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solai Murugappan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani-333031, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Pranali Vijaykumar Kuthe
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani-333031, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Kondapalli Venkata Gowri Chandra Sekhar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad-500078, Telangana, India
| | - Murugesan Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani-333031, Rajasthan, India.
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3
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do Carmo Pinheiro R, Souza Marques L, Ten Kathen Jung J, Nogueira CW, Zeni G. Recent Progress in Synthetic and Biological Application of Diorganyl Diselenides. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202400044. [PMID: 38976862 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Diorganyl diselenides have emerged as privileged structures because they are easy to prepare, have distinct reactivity, and have broad biological activity. They have also been used in the synthesis of natural products as an electrophile in the organoselenylation of aromatic systems and peptides, reductions of alkenes, and nucleophilic substitution. This review summarizes the advancements in methods for the transformations promoted by diorganyl diselenides in the main functions of organic chemistry. Parallel, it will also describe the main findings on pharmacology and toxicology of diorganyl diselenides, emphasizing anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, chemotherapeutic, and antimicrobial activities. Therefore, an examination detailing the reactivity and biological characteristics of diorganyl diselenides provides valuable insights for academic researchers and industrial professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto do Carmo Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade, Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios CCNE, UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 97105-900
| | - Luiza Souza Marques
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade, Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios CCNE, UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 97105-900
| | - Juliano Ten Kathen Jung
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade, Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios CCNE, UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 97105-900
| | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade, Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios CCNE, UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 97105-900
| | - Gilson Zeni
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade, Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios CCNE, UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 97105-900
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4
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Cen K, Liu Y, Yu J, Zeng Z, Hou Q, He G, Ouyang M, Wang Q, Wang D, Zhao F, Cai J. Electrocatalytic Cascade Selenylation/Cyclization/Deamination of 2-Hydroxyaryl Enaminones: Synthesis of 3-Selenylated Chromones under Mild Conditions. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8632-8640. [PMID: 38843514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we disclosed a highly efficient pathway toward 3-selenylated chromone derivatives via electrocatalytic cascade selenylation/cyclization/deamination of 2-hydroxyaryl enaminones with diselenides. This method showed mild conditions, easy operation, wide substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance. Furthermore, this electrosynthesis strategy was amendable to scale-up the reaction. Additionally, the preliminary experiments revealed that this reaction probably proceeded via a cation pathway instead of a radical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Cen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Chuanshan College University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Junhong Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhouting Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Qian Hou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Guojun He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Mixia Ouyang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Qiaolin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Dahan Wang
- Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan 422100, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Jinhui Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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5
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Kumar S, Arora A, Singh SK, Kumar R, Shankar B, Singh BK. Phenyliodine bis(trifluoroacetate) as a sustainable reagent: exploring its significance in organic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3109-3185. [PMID: 38529599 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01964k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Iodine-containing molecules, especially hypervalent iodine compounds, have gained significant attention in organic synthesis. They are valuable and sustainable reagents, leading to a remarkable surge in their use for chemical transformations. One such hypervalent iodine compound, phenyliodine bis(trifluoroacetate)/bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene, commonly referred to as PIFA, has emerged as a prominent candidate due to its attributes of facile manipulation, moderate reactivity, low toxicity, and ready availability. PIFA presents an auspicious prospect as a substitute for costly organometallic catalysts and environmentally hazardous oxidants containing heavy metals. PIFA exhibits remarkable catalytic activity, facilitating an array of consequential organic reactions, including sulfenylation, alkylarylation, oxidative coupling, cascade reactions, amination, amidation, ring-rearrangement, carboxylation, and numerous others. Over the past decade, the application of PIFA in synthetic chemistry has witnessed substantial growth, necessitating an updated exploration of this field. In this discourse, we present a concise overview of PIFA's applications as a 'green' reagent in the domain of synthetic organic chemistry. A primary objective of this article is to bring to the forefront the scientific community's awareness of the merits associated with adopting PIFA as an environmentally conscientious alternative to heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Aditi Arora
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Sunil K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, R.D.S College, B.R.A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur-842002, India
| | - Bhawani Shankar
- Department of Chemistry, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110019, India
| | - Brajendra K Singh
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
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6
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Rani P, Chahal S, Singh R, Sindhu J. Pushing Boundaries: What's Next in Metal-Free C-H Functionalization for Sulfenylation? Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:13. [PMID: 38607428 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of thioether derivatives has been explored widely due to the potential application of these derivatives in medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutical industry and material chemistry. Within this context, there has been an increasing demand for the environmentally benign construction of C-S bonds via C-H functionalization under metal-free conditions. In the present article, we highlight recent developments in metal-free sulfenylation that have occurred in the past three years. The synthesis of organosulfur compounds via a metal-free approach using a variety of sulfur sources, including thiophenols, disulfides, sulfonyl hydrazides, sulfonyl chlorides, elemental sulfur and sulfinates, is discussed. Non-conventional strategies, which refer to the development of thioether derivatives under visible light and electrochemically mediated conditions, are also discussed. The key advantages of the reviewed methodologies include broad substrate scope and high reaction yields under environmentally benign conditions. This comprehensive review will provide chemists with a synthetic tool that will facilitate further development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Rani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCS HAU), Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Sandhya Chahal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCS HAU), Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Rajvir Singh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCS HAU), Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Jayant Sindhu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCS HAU), Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India.
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7
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Kumar P, Bhalla A. Reaction Pattern and Mechanistic Aspects of Iodine and Iodine-Based Reagents in Selenylation of Aliphatic, Aromatic, and (Hetero)Cyclic Systems. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:12. [PMID: 38589598 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Organoselenium compounds have been the subject of extensive research since the discovery of the biologically active compound ebselen. Ebselen has recently been found to show activity against the main protease of the virus responsible for COVID-19. Other organoselenium compounds are also well-known for their diverse biological activities, with such compounds exhibiting interesting physical properties relevant to the fields of electronics, materials, and polymer chemistry. In addition, the incorporation of selenium into various organic molecules has garnered significant attention due to the potential of selenium to enhance the biological activity of these molecules, particularly in conjunction with bioactive heterocycles. Iodine and iodine-based reagents play a prominent role in the synthesis of organoselenium compounds, being valued for their cost-effectiveness, non-toxicity, and ease of handling. These reagents efficiently selenylate a broad range of organic substrates, encompassing alkenes, alkynes, and cyclic, aromatic, and heterocyclic molecules. They serve as catalysts, additives, inducers, and oxidizing agents, facilitating the introduction of different functional groups at alternate positions in the molecules, thereby allowing for regioselective and stereoselective approaches. Specific iodine reagents and their combinations can be tailored to follow the desired reaction pathways. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the progress in the selenylation of organic molecules using iodine reagents over the past decade, with a focus on reaction patterns, solvent effects, heating, microwave, and ultrasonic conditions. Detailed discussions on mechanistic aspects, such as electrophilic, nucleophilic, radical, electrochemical, and ring expansion reactions via selenylation, multiselenylation, and difunctionalization, are included. The review also highlights the formation of various cyclic, heterocyclic, and heteroarenes resulting from the in situ generation of selenium intermediates, encompassing cyclic ketones, cyclic ethers, cyclic lactones, selenophenes, chromones, pyrazolines, pyrrolidines, piperidines, indolines, oxazolines, isooxazolines, lactones, dihydrofurans, and isoxazolidines. To enhance the reader's interest, the review is structured into different sections covering the selenylation of aliphatic sp2/sp carbon and cyclic sp2 carbon, and then is further subdivided into various heterocyclic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, UT, 160014, India
| | - Aman Bhalla
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, UT, 160014, India.
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8
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Ghosh P, Chhetri G, Mandal A, Chen Y, Hersh WH, Das S. C(sp 2)-H selenylation of substituted benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1- b]thiazoles using phenyliodine(iii)bis(trifluoroacetate) as a mediator. RSC Adv 2024; 14:4462-4470. [PMID: 38312731 PMCID: PMC10835571 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00057a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, an expeditious metal-free regioselective C-H selenylation of substituted benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives was devised to synthesize structurally orchestrated selenoethers with good to excellent yields. This PIFA [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene]-mediated protocol operates under mild conditions and offers broad functional group tolerance. In-depth mechanistic investigation supports the involvement of radical pathways. Furthermore, the synthetic utility of this methodology is portrayed through gram-scale synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanjit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal Darjeeling-734013 India
| | - Gautam Chhetri
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal Darjeeling-734013 India
| | - Anirban Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal Darjeeling-734013 India
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College and the Graduate Centre of City University of New York Flushing New York 11367-1597 USA
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York 365 Fifth Ave. New York 10016 USA
| | - William H Hersh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College and the Graduate Centre of City University of New York Flushing New York 11367-1597 USA
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York 365 Fifth Ave. New York 10016 USA
| | - Sajal Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal Darjeeling-734013 India
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Wang J, Lu XX, Yang RP, Zhang BB, Xiang ZH, Li JC, Liu L, Chao S, Shang X. N-Trifluoromethylselenophthalimide, an Electrophilic Trifluoromethylselenolation Reagent and Its Application for the Synthesis of 4-Trifluoromethylselenolated Isoxazoles. Org Lett 2023; 25:8489-8494. [PMID: 37966853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
A new electrophilic trifluoromethylselenolation reagent, N-trifluoromethylselenophthalimide (Phth-SeCF3), was developed. A strategy for the synthesis of 4-trifluoromethylselenolated isoxazoles through electrophilic trifluoromethylselenolation cyclization has been established by using Phth-SeCF3 as an electrophilic reagent. Moreover, this protocol has the features of broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Run-Ping Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Bing-Bing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Xiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Lixia Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Shujun Chao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Xuefang Shang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
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10
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Luo QX, Ji HT, Lu YH, Wang KL, Ou LJ, He WM. Selectfluor-Mediated Electrophilic Annulation of 2-Alkynyl Biaryls with Diorganyl Diselenides. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38016176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
A general and efficient method for the synthesis of various selanyl phenanthrenes/polycyclic heteroaromatics through the electrophilic annulation of 2-alkynyl biaryls with diorganyl diselenides under metal-free and mild conditions was established. The sulfanyl phenanthrene was also obtained in moderate yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Xia Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Hong-Tao Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yu-Han Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ke-Li Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Li-Juan Ou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Wei-Min He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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Ye YF, Li F, Chen JL, An ZQ, Zhang GY, Wang YB. Transition-Metal-Free Synthesis of 3-Acyl Chromones by the Tandem Reaction of Ynones and Methyl Salicylates. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14005-14015. [PMID: 36210518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A facile and effective tandem reaction of ynones and methyl salicylates was developed to obtain a broad range of 3-acyl chromones in moderate-to-excellent yields. This protocol underwent a Michael addition and cyclization process, which exhibited easily accessible substrates, broad substrate scope, and high regioselectivity under mild and transition-metal-free conditions. Moreover, gram-scale reaction and further chemical transformation of the products were also further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fang Ye
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Functional Materials and Catalytic Reaction, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Feng Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Functional Materials and Catalytic Reaction, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jia-Le Chen
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Functional Materials and Catalytic Reaction, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zi-Qian An
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Functional Materials and Catalytic Reaction, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Gui-Ying Zhang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Functional Materials and Catalytic Reaction, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yan-Bo Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Functional Materials and Catalytic Reaction, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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Sihag M, Soni R, Rani N, Kinger M, Kumar Aneja D. Recent Synthetic Applications of Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. A Review in Three Installments: Installment II. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2022.2114236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sihag
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Rinku Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Neha Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Mayank Kinger
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Aneja
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
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13
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Chen Z, Li J, Weng W, Xie X, Lei J. PIFA-mediated selenylative spirocyclization of indolyl ynones: facile access to selenated spiro[cyclopentenone-1,3'-indoles]. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28800-28803. [PMID: 36320507 PMCID: PMC9549584 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05387j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A fast selenylative spirocyclization of indolyl ynones mediated by PIFA has been developed. This transformation was enabled by the reactive RSeOCOCF3 species generated in situ from diselenides with PIFA, involving an electrophilic dearomative cascade cyclization. This protocol provides a facile and efficient method for the synthesis of selenated spiro[cyclopentenone-1,3'-indoles] and tolerates broad functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal UniversityQuanzhou 362000FujianP. R. China
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal UniversityQuanzhou 362000FujianP. R. China
| | - Wenting Weng
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal UniversityQuanzhou 362000FujianP. R. China
| | - Xiaolan Xie
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal UniversityQuanzhou 362000FujianP. R. China
| | - Jian Lei
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal UniversityQuanzhou 362000FujianP. R. China
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14
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Bhat V, Lee A. Catalyst‐Free, One‐Pot, Three‐Component Synthesis of 3‐Arylsulfonylated Thioflavones. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Lee
- Myongji University - Natural Science Campus KOREA (THE REPUBLIC OF)
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15
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Ma C, Meng H, He X, Jiang Y, Yu B. Visible-Light-Promoted Transition-Metal-Free Construction of 3-Perfluoroalkylated Thioflavones. Front Chem 2022; 10:953978. [PMID: 35910726 PMCID: PMC9326344 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.953978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A visible-light-promoted transition-metal-free perfluoroalkylation/cyclization reaction was developed with 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium perchlorate (Acr+-Mes·ClO4−) as the photocatalyst, by which various perfluoroalkyl-substituted heterocycles including thioflavones, oxindoles, and quinoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones were prepared at room temperature. Moreover, the potential of this sustainable method is demonstrated by the excellent in vitro anti-lymphoma and cervical carcinoma activity of the novel 3-perfluoroalkylated thioflavone 3m.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Engineering Research Centre of Chiral Hydroxyl Pharmaceutical, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hui Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Engineering Research Centre of Chiral Hydroxyl Pharmaceutical, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xing He
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Engineering Research Centre of Chiral Hydroxyl Pharmaceutical, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuqin Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Engineering Research Centre of Chiral Hydroxyl Pharmaceutical, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yuqin Jiang, ; Bing Yu,
| | - Bing Yu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuqin Jiang, ; Bing Yu,
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16
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Li J, Liu B, Hu Y, Li X, Huo Y, Chen Q. Hypervalent iodine-induced disulfenylation of thiophene derivatives with thiophenols. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Lai JR, Yin FD, Guo QS, Yuan F, Nian BF, Zhang M, Wu ZB, Zhang HB, Tang E. Silver-catalysed three-component reactions of alkynyl aryl ketones, element selenium, and boronic acids leading to 3-organoselenylchromones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5104-5114. [PMID: 35703142 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00696k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An Ag-catalysed three-component reaction of alkynyl aryl ketones bearing an ortho-methoxy group, element selenium, and arylboronic acid, providing a facile route to selenofunctionalized chromone products has been developed. This protocol features high efficiency and high regioselectivity, and the use of selenium powder as the selenium source. Mechanistic experiments indicated that the combined oxidative effect of (bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo)benzene and oxygen in the air pushes the catalytic redox cycle of the Ag catalyst and the phenylselenium trifluoroacetate formed in situ is the key intermediate of the PIFA-mediated 6-endo-electrophilic cyclization and selenofunctionalization reaction of alkynyl aryl ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Rong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Fu-Dan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Qing-Song Guo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Fei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Bei-Fang Nian
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Zhi-Bang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Hong-Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - E Tang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
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18
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Qi P, Sun F, Chen N, Du H. Direct Bis-Alkyl Thiolation for Indoles with Sulfinothioates under Pummerer-Type Conditions. J Org Chem 2022; 87:1133-1143. [PMID: 35014848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A base-free bis-alkyl thiolation reaction of indoles with sulfinothioates under Pummerer-type conditions is described. Sulfinothioates, activated with 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic anhydride, are demonstrated to be an efficient thiolation reagent for wide applications. This approach enabled double C-H thiolation at the C2 and C3 of the indole in one pot. The mechanism studies suggested the thiolation was realized through the sulfoxonium salt rather than sulfenyl carboxylate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Sun
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongguang Du
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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19
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Bartz RH, Silva KB, Peglow TJ, Barcellos AM, Jacob RG, Lenardão EJ, Perin G. Radical cyclization of alkynyl aryl ketones for the synthesis of 3-seleno-substituted thiochromones and chromones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8952-8961. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01762h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Herein we present an alternative and transition-metal-free procedure to access 3-organoselanylthiochromones and 3-organoselanylchromones from the cyclization reaction between alkynyl aryl ketones and diorganyl diselenides promoted by Oxone®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo H. Bartz
- LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Krigor B. Silva
- LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago J. Peglow
- LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Angelita M. Barcellos
- LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Raquel G. Jacob
- LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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20
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Liu Y, Zhang X, Lv J, Zhang C, Chang X, Ye S, Wu J. A photocatalytic radical relay reaction of 2-methylthiolated phenylalkynones and potassium metabisulfite. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01658j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The generation of methylsufonyl-containing thioflavones through a radical relay reaction of methylthiolated phenylalkynones and potassium metabisulfite in the presence of sodium methylsulfinate under visible light irradiation is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Jiajing Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Xiaotong Chang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Shengqing Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Zhejiang 318000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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21
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Chalcogenative spirocyclization of N-aryl propiolamides with diselenides/disulfides promoted by Selectfluor. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2021-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A practical and efficient synthetic route to construct a variety of 3-arylselenenyl/3-arylthio spiro[4.5]trienones was developed using Selectfluor reagent as a mild oxidant. This reaction proceeds via a sequence of electrophilic cation addition, spirocyclization and dearomatization, then offers an approach to introduce Se/S-centered cation into the C–C triple bonds. The utility of this protocol were justified by the excellent compatibility of a wide range of functional groups, good yields and scalability under mild reaction conditions.
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22
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Xiao J, Ai Z, Li X, Tao S, Zhao B, Wang X, Wang X, Du Y. Synthesis of 3-thiocyanated chromones via TCCA/NH4SCN-mediated cyclization/thiocyanation of alkynyl aryl ketones. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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23
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Zhang L, Qi L, Chen JM, Dong W, Fang ZY, Cao TY, Li W, Wang LJ. Preparation of selenyl 1,3-oxazines via PhICl 2/Cu 2O-promoted aminoselenation of O-homoallyl benzimidates with diselenides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12655-12658. [PMID: 34766959 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04854f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A practical electrophilic aminoselenation of O-homoallyl benzimidate with diselenides promoted by PhICl2/Cu2O has been developed. The easily available and stable diselenides were used as selenium sources. Various selenyl 1,3-oxazines, which are important frameworks in medicinal and biological chemistry, were easily obtained in moderate to good yields for the first time. Easy scaleup and scalability make this method attractive for the preparation of other valuable organoselenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Donglu, Baoding 071002, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Qi
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Donglu, Baoding 071002, P. R. China.
| | - Jia-Min Chen
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Donglu, Baoding 071002, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Dong
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Donglu, Baoding 071002, P. R. China.
| | - Zhuo-Yue Fang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Donglu, Baoding 071002, P. R. China.
| | - Tong-Yang Cao
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Donglu, Baoding 071002, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Donglu, Baoding 071002, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Donglu, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Li-Jing Wang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Donglu, Baoding 071002, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Donglu, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
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24
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Yu Z, Zhang D, Li X, Zhang B, Yang Z, Qian Y, Du Y. Synthesis of 4‐Chalcogenylated Isoxazoles Mediated by PhICl
2
and Diorganyl Disulfides/Diselenides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Dongke Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxian Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Zhifang Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Yan Qian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400715 P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
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25
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Yi RN, Wu ZL, Ouyang WT, Wang WF, He WM. Green synthesis of 4-organylselanyl-1H-pyrazoles through electrochemical cross-dehydrogenative coupling of 1H-pyrazoles and diorganyl diselenides. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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26
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Ghosh P, Chhetri G, Perl E, Das S. [Bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene Mediated C‐3 Selenylation of Pyrido[1,2‐
a
]Pyrimidin‐4‐Ones Under Ambient Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasanjit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry University of North Bengal India Darjeeling 734013
| | - Gautam Chhetri
- Department of Chemistry University of North Bengal India Darjeeling 734013
| | - Eliyahu Perl
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine USA
| | - Sajal Das
- Department of Chemistry University of North Bengal India Darjeeling 734013
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