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Rathod SL, Sharma VS, Patel KR, Mali HA, Shrivastav PS, Parekh HM. Lower rim functionalized bowl-shaped resorcin[4]arene with alkyl arms: a simplified approach to build supramolecular liquid crystals. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Iwanek W. Theoretical calculations of formation and reactivity of o-quinomethide derivatives of resorcin[4]arene with reference to empirical data. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220541. [PMID: 36249340 PMCID: PMC9554518 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes theoretical reaction pathways of alkoxybenzyl derivatives of resorcin[4]arene leading to the formation of o-quinomethide derivatives of resorcin[4]arene (o-QMR[4]A). For each case, the activation energies for the formation of one o-QMR[4]A unit and the activation energies for the backward reaction were calculated. Based on the calculated reaction pathways, the reaction mechanism of o-QMR[4]A formation was proposed. Using the example of o-QMR[4]A generated from a methoxy derivative of resorcin[4]arene, the activation energies with selected nucleophiles were calculated and the reaction mechanisms discussed. Reaction path calculations were performed using the nudged elastic band method and semiempirical extended tight-binding method (GFN2-xTB). Using hydroxybenzyl derivatives of resorcin[4]arene as an example, a comparison of calculated activation energies by selected density-functional theory methods with GFN2-xTB and B97-3c geometries was performed. B97-3c and wB97XD methods were used to calculate the energies of the reactants (R), transition states (TS) and products (P) of the analysed reactions. Theoretical reaction mechanisms were discussed with respect to the orbital-weighted Fukui dual descriptor (Δfw ) and experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Iwanek
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Roy I, David AHG, Das PJ, Pe DJ, Stoddart JF. Fluorescent cyclophanes and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5557-5605. [PMID: 35704949 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00352b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
With the serendipitous discovery of crown ethers by Pedersen more than half a century ago and the subsequent introduction of host-guest chemistry and supramolecular chemistry by Cram and Lehn, respectively, followed by the design and synthesis of wholly synthetic cyclophanes-in particular, fluorescent cyclophanes, having rich structural characteristics and functions-have been the focus of considerable research activity during the past few decades. Cyclophanes with remarkable emissive properties have been investigated continuously over the years and employed in numerous applications across the field of science and technology. In this Review, we feature the recent developments in the chemistry of fluorescent cyclophanes, along with their design and synthesis. Their host-guest chemistry and applications related to their structure and properties are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Arthur H G David
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Partha Jyoti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - David J Pe
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA. .,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310021, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou, 311215, China
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Iwanek W. New insights into the reactivity of aminomethylene derivatives of resorc[4]arene: amine group transfer, conformational analysis, reaction mechanism. RSC Adv 2022; 12:27370-27379. [PMID: 36276037 PMCID: PMC9513681 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04610e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the example of aminomethylene derivatives of resorc[4]arene and their Michael reaction with 4-hydroxycoumarin, the possibility of transferring an amine molecule from substrate to product is demonstrated. The conformation of the aminocoumarin derivatives of resorc[4]arene formed is controlled by the polarity of the solvent. For one of the products, conformational analysis was performed by kinetic sampling using metadynamics (MTD). The energies of the final set of conformers were calculated by DFT (r2scan-3c). A reaction mechanism based on multiscale (ONIOM) Nudged Elastic Band (NEB-TS) reaction profile calculations is discussed. Using the example of aminomethylene derivatives of resorc[4]arene and their Michael reaction with 4-hydroxycoumarin, the possibility of transferring an amine molecule from substrate to product is demonstrated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Iwanek
- Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Szafraniec A, Iwanek W. Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond Driven Conformational Selectivity of Coumarin Derivatives of Resorcin[4]arene. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6160. [PMID: 32859042 PMCID: PMC7503801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the synthesis and structure of 4-aminocoumarin derivatives of resorcin[4]arene were investigated. Spectroscopic analysis and quantum mechanical calculations showed that this molecule undertakes a crown-in conformation in chloroform. The conformations of the aminocoumarin derivative of resorcin[4]arene were compared with a hydroxycoumarin derivative of resorcin[4]arene, and the effect of the substituent on the conformational selectivity of the coumarin derivatives of resorcin[4]arene was demonstrated. Both UV-VIS and fluorescence spectroscopy for the coumarin derivative of resorcin[4]arene (3) were performed, and a strong fluorescence quenching of derivative 3 compared to 4-aminocoumarin was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szafraniec
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 60-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Waldemar Iwanek
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, UTP, University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Gajjar JA, Vekariya RH, Parekh HM. Recent advances in upper rim functionalization of resorcin[4]arene derivatives: Synthesis and applications. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1766080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinal A. Gajjar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajesh H. Vekariya
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Hitesh M. Parekh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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