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Childers K, Freed IM, Hupert ML, Shaw B, Larsen N, Herring P, Norton JH, Shiri F, Vun J, August KJ, Witek MA, Soper SA. Novel thermoplastic microvalves based on an elastomeric cyclic olefin copolymer. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:4422-4439. [PMID: 39171671 PMCID: PMC11339931 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00501e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems combine multiple processing steps and components to perform complex assays in an autonomous fashion. To enable the integration of several bio-analytical processing steps into a single system, valving is used as a component that directs fluids and controls introduction of sample and reagents. While elastomer polydimethylsiloxane has been the material of choice for valving, it does not scale well to accommodate disposable integrated systems where inexpensive and fast production is needed. As an alternative to polydimethylsiloxane, we introduce a membrane made of thermoplastic elastomeric cyclic olefin copolymer (eCOC), that displays unique attributes for the fabrication of reliable valving. The eCOC membrane can be extruded or injection molded to allow for high scale production of inexpensive valves. Normally hydrophobic, eCOC can be activated with UV/ozone to produce a stable hydrophilic monolayer. Valves are assembled following in situ UV/ozone activation of eCOC membrane and thermoplastic valve seat and bonded by lamination at room temperature. eCOC formed strong bonding with polycarbonate (PC) and polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) able to hold high fluidic pressures of 75 kPa and 350 kPa, respectively. We characterized the eCOC valves with mechanical and pneumatic actuation and found the valves could be reproducibly actuated >50 times without failure. Finally, an integrated system with eCOC valves was employed to detect minimal residual disease (MRD) from a blood sample of a pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patient. The two module integrated system evaluated MRD by affinity-selecting CD19(+) cells and enumerating leukemia cells via immunophenotyping with ALL-specific markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Childers
- Bioengineering Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Ian M Freed
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Shaw
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Noah Larsen
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Engineering Physics, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Paul Herring
- Department of Plastics Engineering Technology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
| | - Jeanne H Norton
- Department of Plastics Engineering Technology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
| | - Farhad Shiri
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Judy Vun
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Keith J August
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Małgorzata A Witek
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Steven A Soper
- Bioengineering Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- KU Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Amador-Hernandez JU, Guevara-Pantoja PE, Cedillo-Alcantar DF, Caballero-Robledo GA, Garcia-Cordero JL. Millifluidic valves and pumps made of tape and plastic. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4579-4591. [PMID: 37772361 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00559c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in producing micro- and milli-fluidic technologies made of thermoplastic with integrated fluidic control elements that are easy to assemble and suitable for mass production. Here, we developed millifluidic valves and pumps made of acrylic layers bonded with double-sided tape that are simple and fast to assemble. We demonstrate that a layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) is flexible enough to be deformed at relatively low pressures. A chemical treatment deposited on specific regions of the PSA prevents it from sticking to the thermoplastic, which enabled us to create three different types of valves in normally open or closed configurations. We characterized different aspects of their performance, their operating pressures, the cut-off pressure values to open or close the valves (for different configurations and sizes), and the flow rate and volume pumped by seven different micropumps. As an application, we implemented a glucose assay with integrated pumps and valves, automatically generating glucose dilutions and reagent mixing. The ability to create polymeric microfluidic control units made with tape paves the way for their mass manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue U Amador-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Pablo E Guevara-Pantoja
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Diana F Cedillo-Alcantar
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Gabriel A Caballero-Robledo
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Jose L Garcia-Cordero
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico
- Institute of Human Biology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland.
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Bhuiyan NH, Hong JH, Uddin MJ, Shim JS. Artificial Intelligence-Controlled Microfluidic Device for Fluid Automation and Bubble Removal of Immunoassay Operated by a Smartphone. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3872-3880. [PMID: 35179372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There have been tremendous innovations in microfluidic clinical diagnostics to facilitate novel point-of-care testing (POCT) over the past decades. However, the automatic operation of microfluidic devices that minimize user intervention still lacks reliability and repeatability because microfluidic errors such as bubbles and incomplete filling pose a major bottleneck in commercializing the microfluidic devices for clinical testing. In this work, for the first time, various states of microfluid were recognized to control immunodiagnostics by artificial intelligence (AI) technology. The developed AI-controlled microfluidic platform was operated via an Android smartphone, along with a low-cost polymer device to effectuate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To overcome the limited machine-learning capability of smartphones, the region-of-interest (ROI) cascading and conditional activation algorithms were utilized herein. The developed microfluidic chip was incorporated with a bubble trap to remove any bubbles detected by AI, which helps in preventing false signals during immunoassay, as well as controlling the reagents' movement with an on-chip micropump and valve. Subsequently, the developed immunosensing platform was tested for conducting real ELISA using a single microplate from the 96-well to detect the Human Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) biomarker, with a detection limit as low as 0.98 pg/mL. As a result, the developed platform can be envisaged as an AI-based revolution in microfluidics for point-of-care clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil H Bhuiyan
- Bio-IT Convergence Laboratory, Department of Electronic Convergence Engineering, KwangWoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Jun H Hong
- Bio-IT Convergence Laboratory, Department of Electronic Convergence Engineering, KwangWoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - M Jalal Uddin
- Bio-IT Convergence Laboratory, Department of Electronic Convergence Engineering, KwangWoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea.,BioGeneSys Inc., 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Joon S Shim
- Bio-IT Convergence Laboratory, Department of Electronic Convergence Engineering, KwangWoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea.,BioGeneSys Inc., 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, South Korea
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Uddin MJ, Bhuiyan NH, Shim JS. Fully integrated rapid microfluidic device translated from conventional 96-well ELISA kit. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1986. [PMID: 33479284 PMCID: PMC7820004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a fully integrated active microfluidic device transforming a conventional 96-well kit into point-of-care testing (POCT) device was implemented to improve the performance of traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ELISA test by the conventional method often requires the collection of 96 samples for its operation as well as longer incubation time from hours to overnight, whereas our proposed device conducts ELISA immediately individualizing a 96-well for individual patients. To do that, a programmable and disposable on-chip pump and valve were integrated on the device for precise control and actuation of microfluidic reagents, which regulated a reaction time and reagent volume to support the optimized protocols of ELISA. Due to the on-chip pump and valve, ELISA could be executed with reduced consumption of reagents and shortening the assay time, which are crucial for conventional ELISA using 96-well microplate. To demonstrate highly sensitive detection and easy-to-use operation, this unconventional device was successfully applied for the quantification of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) of 4.88 pg/mL using a minimum sample volume of 30 µL with a shorter assay time of 15 min for each ELISA step. The limit of detection (LOD) thus obtained was significantly improved than the conventional 96-well platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jalal Uddin
- Bio-IT Convergence Laboratory, Department of Electronics and Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Nabil H Bhuiyan
- Bio-IT Convergence Laboratory, Department of Electronics and Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon S Shim
- Bio-IT Convergence Laboratory, Department of Electronics and Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- BioGeneSys Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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