1
|
Chavez-Pineda OG, Rodriguez-Moncayo R, Gonzalez-Suarez AM, Guevara-Pantoja PE, Maravillas-Montero JL, Garcia-Cordero JL. Portable platform for leukocyte extraction from blood using sheath-free microfluidic DLD. Lab Chip 2024; 24:2575-2589. [PMID: 38646820 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00132j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Leukocyte count is routinely performed for diagnostic purposes and is rapidly emerging as a significant biomarker for a wide array of diseases. Additionally, leukocytes have demonstrated considerable promise in novel cell-based immunotherapies. However, the direct retrieval of leukocytes from whole blood is a significant challenge due to their low abundance compared to erythrocytes. Here, we introduce a microfluidic-based platform that isolates and recovers leukocytes from diluted whole blood in a single step. Our platform utilizes a novel, sheathless method to initially sediment and focus blood cells into a dense stream while flowing through a tubing before entering the microfluidic device. A hexagonal-shaped structure, patterned at the device's inlet, directs all the blood cells against the channel's outer walls. The focused cells are then separated based on their size using the deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) microfluidic technique. We evaluated various parameters that could influence leukocyte separation, including different focusing structures (assessed both computationally and experimentally), the orientation of the tubing-chip interface, the effects of blood sample hematocrit (dilution), and flow rate. Our device demonstrated the ability to isolate leukocytes from diluted blood with a separation efficiency of 100%, a recovery rate of 76%, and a purity of 80%, while maintaining a cell viability of 98%. The device operates for over 30 min at a flow rate of 2 μL min-1. Furthermore, we developed a handheld pressure controller to drive fluid flow, enhancing the operability of our platform outside of central laboratories and enabling near-patient testing. Our platform can be integrated with downstream cell-based assays and analytical methods that require high leukocyte purity (80%), ranging from cell counting to diagnostics and cell culture applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oriana G Chavez-Pineda
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Roberto Rodriguez-Moncayo
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Alan M Gonzalez-Suarez
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Pablo E Guevara-Pantoja
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Jose L Maravillas-Montero
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City14080, Mexico
| | - Jose L Garcia-Cordero
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel 4058, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Amador-Hernandez JU, Guevara-Pantoja PE, Cedillo-Alcantar DF, Caballero-Robledo GA, Garcia-Cordero JL. Millifluidic valves and pumps made of tape and plastic. Lab Chip 2023; 23:4579-4591. [PMID: 37772361 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00559c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in producing micro- and milli-fluidic technologies made of thermoplastic with integrated fluidic control elements that are easy to assemble and suitable for mass production. Here, we developed millifluidic valves and pumps made of acrylic layers bonded with double-sided tape that are simple and fast to assemble. We demonstrate that a layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) is flexible enough to be deformed at relatively low pressures. A chemical treatment deposited on specific regions of the PSA prevents it from sticking to the thermoplastic, which enabled us to create three different types of valves in normally open or closed configurations. We characterized different aspects of their performance, their operating pressures, the cut-off pressure values to open or close the valves (for different configurations and sizes), and the flow rate and volume pumped by seven different micropumps. As an application, we implemented a glucose assay with integrated pumps and valves, automatically generating glucose dilutions and reagent mixing. The ability to create polymeric microfluidic control units made with tape paves the way for their mass manufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josue U Amador-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Pablo E Guevara-Pantoja
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Diana F Cedillo-Alcantar
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Gabriel A Caballero-Robledo
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Jose L Garcia-Cordero
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico
- Institute of Human Biology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hernández-Ortiz JA, Guevara-Pantoja PE, Andrade-Medina M, Carrillo-Tripp M, Caballero-Robledo GA. Computer Numerical Control Micromilling of a Microfluidic Acrylic Device with a Staggered Restriction for Magnetic Nanoparticle-based Immunoassays. J Vis Exp 2022. [DOI: 10.3791/63899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
|
4
|
Reynoso-Hernández KB, Guevara-Pantoja PE, Caballero-Robledo GA. Capture efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles through the compaction effect of a microparticles column. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:024603. [PMID: 34525671 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.024603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
When a magnetic nanoparticle solution flows through a porous medium formed by iron microparticles packed in a microfluidic channel, the nanoparticles get trapped within the column in the presence of a magnet. A complex interplay between magnetic and fluid forces within the magnetized porous medium governs the trapping of nanoparticles. However, how does the packing state of the microparticles affect the trapping of nanoparticles? Will more nanoparticles be trapped on a loose or a tight packing? In this work, we present experiments that show that the capture of nanoparticles is determined by the total volume occupied by the column, independent of its packing density. We present a simple analytical model based on the competition of drag and magnetic forces that shows that our system can be useful to develop and test more complete and accurate models. We also developed a technique to measure the columns' minute mass and its packing density, which consists of injecting polydimethylsiloxane into the acrylic microfluidic device. Our work can help with the optimization of environmental and biomedical applications based on high-gradient magnetic nanoparticle separation.
Collapse
|
5
|
Rodriguez-Moncayo R, Cedillo-Alcantar DF, Guevara-Pantoja PE, Chavez-Pineda OG, Hernandez-Ortiz JA, Amador-Hernandez JU, Rojas-Velasco G, Sanchez-Muñoz F, Manzur-Sandoval D, Patino-Lopez LD, May-Arrioja DA, Posadas-Sanchez R, Vargas-Alarcon G, Garcia-Cordero JL. A high-throughput multiplexed microfluidic device for COVID-19 serology assays. Lab Chip 2021; 21:93-104. [PMID: 33319882 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01068e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The applications of serology tests to the virus SARS-CoV-2 are diverse, ranging from diagnosing COVID-19, understanding the humoral response to this disease, and estimating its prevalence in a population, to modeling the course of the pandemic. COVID-19 serology assays will significantly benefit from sensitive and reliable technologies that can process dozens of samples in parallel, thus reducing costs and time; however, they will also benefit from biosensors that can assess antibody reactivities to multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Here, we report a high-throughput microfluidic device that can assess antibody reactivities against four SARS-CoV-2 antigens from up to 50 serum samples in parallel. This semi-automatic platform measures IgG and IgM levels against four SARS-CoV-2 proteins: the spike protein (S), the S1 subunit (S1), the receptor-binding domain (RBD), and the nucleocapsid (N). After assay optimization, we evaluated sera from infected individuals with COVID-19 and a cohort of archival samples from 2018. The assay achieved a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 91%. Nonetheless, both parameters increased to 100% when evaluating sera from individuals in the third week after symptom onset. To further assess our platform's utility, we monitored the antibody titers from 5 COVID-19 patients over a time course of several weeks. Our platform can aid in global efforts to control and understand COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rodriguez-Moncayo
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies for Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| | - Diana F Cedillo-Alcantar
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies for Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| | - Pablo E Guevara-Pantoja
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies for Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| | - Oriana G Chavez-Pineda
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies for Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| | - Jose A Hernandez-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies for Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| | - Josue U Amador-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies for Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo Rojas-Velasco
- Intensive Care Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sanchez-Muñoz
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Manzur-Sandoval
- Intensive Care Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis D Patino-Lopez
- Department of Renewable Energy, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Daniel A May-Arrioja
- Fiber and Integrated Optics Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica (CIO), Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | | | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcon
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jose L Garcia-Cordero
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies for Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guevara-Pantoja PE, Chavez-Pineda OG, Solis-Serrano AM, Garcia-Cordero JL, Caballero-Robledo GA. An affordable 3D-printed positioner fixture improves the resolution of conventional milling for easy prototyping of acrylic microfluidic devices. Lab Chip 2020; 20:3179-3186. [PMID: 32729599 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00549e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple and low-cost positioner fixture to improve the fabrication resolution of acrylic microchannels using conventional milling machines. The positioner fixture is a mechatronic platform that consists of three piezoelectric actuators assembled in a housing made of 3D printer parts. The upper part of the housing is raised by the simultaneous actuation of the piezoelectric elements and by the deformation of 3D-printed hinge-shaped supports. The vertical positioning (Z-axis) can be controlled with a resolution of 500 nm and an accuracy of ±1.5 μm; in contrast, conventional milling machines can achieve resolutions of 10 to 35 μm. Through simulations, we found that 3D-printed hinges can deform to reach heights up to 27 μm without suffering any mechanical or structural damage. To demonstrate the capabilities of our fixture, we fabricated microfluidic devices with three weir filters that selectively capture microbeads of 3, 6 and 10 μm. We used a similar weir filter design to implement a bead-based immunoassay. Our positioner fixture increases the resolution of conventional milling machines, thus enabling the fast and easy fabrication of thermoplastic fluidic devices that require finer microstructures in their design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo E Guevara-Pantoja
- Unidad Monterrey, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Parque PIIT, Apodaca, Nuevo León 66628, Mexico.
| | - Oriana G Chavez-Pineda
- Unidad Monterrey, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Parque PIIT, Apodaca, Nuevo León 66628, Mexico.
| | - Alberto M Solis-Serrano
- Unidad Monterrey, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Parque PIIT, Apodaca, Nuevo León 66628, Mexico.
| | - Jose L Garcia-Cordero
- Unidad Monterrey, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Parque PIIT, Apodaca, Nuevo León 66628, Mexico.
| | - Gabriel A Caballero-Robledo
- Unidad Monterrey, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Parque PIIT, Apodaca, Nuevo León 66628, Mexico. and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guevara-Pantoja PE, Sánchez-Domínguez M, Caballero-Robledo GA. Micro-nanoparticles magnetic trap: Toward high sensitivity and rapid microfluidic continuous flow enzyme immunoassay. Biomicrofluidics 2020; 14:014111. [PMID: 32038740 PMCID: PMC6992449 DOI: 10.1063/1.5126027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we developed a microfluidic system for immunoassays where we combined the use of magnetic nanoparticles as immunosupport, a microfluidic magnetic trap, and a fluorogenic substrate in continuous flow for detection which, together with the optimization of the functionalization of surfaces to minimize nonspecific interactions, resulted in a detection limit in the order of femtomolar and a total assay time of 40 min for antibiotin antibody detection. A magnetic trap made of carbonyl-iron microparticles packaged inside a 200 μ m square microchannel was used to immobilize and concentrate nanoparticles. We functionalized the surface of the iron microparticles with a silica-polyethylene glycol (PEG) shell to avoid corrosion and unspecific protein binding. A new one-step method was developed to coat acrylic microchannels with an organofunctional silane functionalized with PEG to minimize unspecific binding. A model immunoassay was performed using nanoparticles decorated with biotin to capture antibiotin rabbit Immunoglobulin G (IgG) as target primary antibody. The detection was made using antirabbit IgG labeled with the enzyme alkaline phosphatase as a secondary antibody, and we measured fluorescence with a fluorescence microscope. All steps of the immunoassay were performed inside the chip. A calibration curve was obtained in which a detection limit of 8 pg/ml of antibiotin antibody was quantified. The simplicity of the device and the fact that it is made of acrylic, which is compatible with mass production, make it ideal for Point-Of-Care applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Margarita Sánchez-Domínguez
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C. (CIMAV), Unidad Monterrey, Alianza Norte 202, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Apodaca 66628, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guevara-Pantoja PE, Jiménez-Valdés RJ, García-Cordero JL, Caballero-Robledo GA. Pressure-actuated monolithic acrylic microfluidic valves and pumps. Lab Chip 2018; 18:662-669. [PMID: 29367991 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc01337j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we describe a microfluidic device with embedded valves and pumps made exclusively of layers of acrylic glass. Flat acrylic sheets are carved out with a micromilling machine and bonded together by solvent bonding. The working principle of the valves is based on a thin flexible membrane (≈100 μm) machined on one acrylic sheet and actuated with pneumatic pressure. A completely closed valve resists a pressure difference of ≈17 kPa (≈2.5 psi), and when open, it can sustain flow rates of up to 100 μL s-1. Pumping is achieved by combining two valves and a pumping chamber in series, which is also based on the bending of a thin acrylic membrane. The maximum flow rate obtained with this pumping mechanism is 20 μL min-1. Acrylic is a popular rigid thermoplastic because it is inexpensive, making it ideal for mass production of disposable devices, and also because it has demonstrated compatibility with different biochemical assays. The physical and optical properties it shares with other thermoplastics could lead to this material being implemented for similar valves and pumps. As a proof-of-concept of our technology, we implemented a controlled cell-staining assay in two parallel incubation chambers integrating four valves and one pump into one device. Our monolithic acrylic valves can enable the mass production of disposable microfluidic devices that require fluid control with pressure-actuated valves and aid in the automation of biochemical assays.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
The packing density of heavy microparticles is finely tuned inside a microfluidic channel by applying a vibration protocol with important implications for applications.
Collapse
|