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Hussain A, Alajmi MF, Ganguly S. Sustainable Doped Carbon Dots as Antioxidant and Nanocarrier for Therapeutic Cargos. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03940-1. [PMID: 39320634 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03940-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Aside from their fluorescence sensing capabilities, carbon dots doped with heteroatoms show tremendous promise as nanocarriers for medicinal compounds and as antioxidants. We present a method for producing carbon dots from chitosan and lemon extract (CLCDs) using a one-step hydrothermal coupling synthesis. The as-synthesized CLCDs exhibited remarkable colloidal stability, antioxidant behavior, cytocompatibility, and nanocarrier for drug molecules. The nanoparticles was analyzed using advanced techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fluorescence spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to determine the precise composition of their surface. In order to evaluate the drug transport properties of CLCDs, their surfaces were further modified with anticancer drug compounds. The drug release behavior was studied against physiologically simulated fluids and at different pH environments showing better delayed response in acidic condition. The plausible mechanistic pathways have been confirmed after fitting the results into Higuchi, Weibull and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. The goodness of fit was more than 95% for the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, with the release mechanism supported by anomalous transport. Moreover, the radical scavenging activity of CLCDs was also confirmed at low levels (1 mg/mL) which could be inferred > 85% efficacy against mostly employed testing agents (DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radicals). Thus, the prepared CLCDs could be used as suitable nanovector in payload delivery with prominent antioxidant activity and low toxicity against living cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed Fahad Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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2
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Paul P, Roy H, Bhattacharjee G, Baruah N, Kundu LM. Amine-Rich Carbon Dots Synthesized from Kappa-Carrageenan and l-Lysine as a Dual Probe for Detection of Folic Acid and Tumor-Targeted Delivery of Therapeutics. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:6034-6043. [PMID: 39180146 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Strategically designed, heteroatom-rich surface functionalized blue fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized for high-throughput detection of folic acid (vitamin B9). The highly stable CDs could particularly detect vitamin B9 in the presence of 35 analytes, even up to 40 nM of the vitamin. The versatile CDs were found to have a high affinity for folic acid in wastewater, folic acid tablets, and food samples enriched with folic acid. The hemocompatibility of the CDs was also studied by using a hemolysis assay, confirming the CDs to be nontoxic to human blood samples up to 400 μg/mL. The CDs were then covalently conjugated to biotin, which possesses receptors that are overexpressed in tumor cells. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide dye) assay and confocal bioimaging studies proved the biotin-modified CDs (CDBT) were remarkably nontoxic in healthy cell lines (HEK-293) and highly target-specific toward tumor cells (HeLa), including triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). The cytotoxicity assay of 5-fluorouracil encapsulated CDs (CDBTFu) showed the IC50 value to be 81 μM in HeLa cells and 185 μM in MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively, and significantly higher in HEK-293 cells (over 300 μM), owing to high specificity toward tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallabi Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Hirakjyoti Roy
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Gourav Bhattacharjee
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Neeharika Baruah
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Lal Mohan Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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3
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Garg R, Prasad D. Enhanced pyrophosphate detection: Utilizing oPD-derived carbon dots and Fe 3+ interactions in a paper strip biosensor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 739:150577. [PMID: 39181072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The development of portable, cost-effective, and straightforward DNA biosensors holds immense importance in various fields, including healthcare, environmental monitoring, and food safety. This study contributes to the objective by introducing an innovative approach for synthesizing carbon dots (Cdots) with high quantum yield (QY) and remarkable selectivity for Fe3+ ions. Utilizing o-phenylenediamine as a precursor, the study achieved a straightforward and environmentally friendly synthesis method, enabling the efficient detachment of metal ions from the Cdot surface upon introducing pyrophosphate (PPi). The presence of surface hydroxyl and amino groups facilitated specific Fe3+ recognition. Employing D-optimal response surface methodology, the study optimized Cdot synthesis parameters, identifying temperature and heating time as critical factors influencing QY. Statistical analysis confirmed the model's reliability, predicting maximum QY of 48.8 % with minimal deviation from experimental results. Characterization studies revealed the amorphous nature of Cdots through HR-TEM, XRD, and FTIR analysis. Furthermore, the proposed LAMP/PPi biosensing technique demonstrated higher sensitivity, specificity, and repeatability, with negligible interference from common anions and efficacy across varying pH levels. The limit of detection (LOD) of 0.079 (±0.01) μM and the detection range of 0.1 μM-2 mM underscore the biosensor's practical utility. This study highlights a promising direction for developing paper-based LAMP/PPi biosensors with potential diagnostics and environmental monitoring applications. Significantly, the biosensing technique is applicable to any DNA amplification method generating pyrophosphate (PPi) as a by-product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Garg
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Dinesh Prasad
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
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4
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Qi FQ, Sun Y. Efficacy and prognostic analysis of carbon nanotracers combined with the da Vinci robot in the treatment of esophageal cancer. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:4924-4931. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i22.4924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional methods cannot clearly visualize esophageal cancer (EC) tumor contours and metastases, which limits the clinical application of da Vinci robot-assisted surgery.
AIM To investigate the efficacy of the da Vinci robot in combination with nanocarbon lymph node tracers in radical surgery of EC.
METHODS In total, 104 patients with early-stage EC who were admitted to Liuzhou worker's Hospital from January 2020 to June 2023 were enrolled. The patients were assigned to an observation group (n = 52), which underwent da Vinci robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) with the intraoperative use of nanocarbon tracers, and a control group (n = 52), which underwent traditional surgery treatment. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage tube indwelling time, hospital stay, number of lymph nodes dissected, incidence of complications, and long-term curative effects were comparatively analyzed. The postoperative stress response C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol, epinephrine (E) and inflammatory response interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were evaluated.
RESULTS Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly lower postoperative CRP, cortisol, and E levels (P < 0.05) with a milder inflammatory response, as indicated by lower IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α levels (P < 0.05). Patients who underwent RAMIE had less intraoperative blood loss and shorter operation times and hospital stays than those who underwent traditional surgery. The average number of dissected lymph nodes, time of lymph node dissection, and mean smallest lymph node diameter were all significantly lower in the observation group (P < 0.05). The rate of postoperative complications was 5.77% in the observation group, significantly lower than the 15.38% observed in the control group. Furthermore, the lymphatic metastasis rate, reoperation rate, and 12- and 24-month cumulative mortality in the observation group were 1.92%, 0%, 0%, and 0%, respectively, all of which were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION The treatment of EC using the da Vinci robot combined with nanocarbon lymph node tracers can achieve good surgical outcomes and demonstrates promising clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen-Qiang Qi
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, The fourth affiliated hospital of Guangxi medical university/Liuzhou workers hospital, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, The fourth affiliated hospital of Guangxi medical university/Liuzhou workers hospital, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Chávez-García D, Guzman M, Sanchez V, Cadena-Nava RD. Green synthesis of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 15:755-766. [PMID: 38952416 PMCID: PMC11216081 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Water pollution, significantly influenced by the discharge of synthetic dyes from industries, such as textiles, poses a persistent global threat to human health. Among these dyes, methylene blue, particularly prevalent in the textile sector, exacerbates this issue. This study introduces an innovative approach to mitigate water pollution through the synthesis of nanomaterials using biomass-derived carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from grape pomace and watermelon peel. Utilizing the hydrothermal method at temperatures between 80 and 160 °C over periods ranging from 1 to 24 h, CQDs were successfully synthesized. A comprehensive characterization of the CQDs was performed using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, Raman spectroscopy, and luminescence spectroscopy, confirming their high quality. The photocatalytic activity of the CQDs in degrading methylene blue was evaluated under both sunlight and incandescent light irradiation, with measurements taken at 20 min intervals over a 2 h period. The CQDs, with sizes ranging from 1-10 nm, demonstrated notable optical properties, including upconversion and down-conversion luminescence. The results revealed effective photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under sunlight, highlighting the potential for scalable production of these cost-effective catalytic nanomaterials for synthetic dye degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Chávez-García
- Centro de Enseñanza Técnica y Superior (CETYS), Camino Microondas Trinidad KM 1, Las Palmas 3era. Sección., 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Mario Guzman
- Centro de Enseñanza Técnica y Superior (CETYS), Camino Microondas Trinidad KM 1, Las Palmas 3era. Sección., 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Viridiana Sanchez
- Centro de Enseñanza Técnica y Superior (CETYS), Camino Microondas Trinidad KM 1, Las Palmas 3era. Sección., 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Rubén D Cadena-Nava
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología (CNYN), Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
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6
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Wei X, Wang X, Fu Y, Zhang X, Yan F. Emerging trends in CDs@hydrogels composites: from materials to applications. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:355. [PMID: 38809308 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are nanoscale carbon materials with unique optical properties and biocompatibility. Their applications are limited by their tendency to aggregate or oxidize in aqueous environments. Turning weakness to strengths, CDs can be incorporated with hydrogels, which are three-dimensional networks of crosslinked polymers that can retain large amounts of water. Hydrogels can provide a stable and tunable matrix for CDs, enhancing their fluorescence, stability, and functionality. CDs@hydrogels, known for their ease of synthesis, strong binding capabilities, and rich surface functional groups, have emerged as promising composite materials. In this review, recent advances in the synthesis and characterization of CDs@hydrogels, composite materials composed of CDs and various types of natural or synthetic hydrogels, are summarized. The potential applications of CDs@hydrogels in fluorescence sensing, adsorption, drug delivery, antibacterial activity, flexible electronics, and energy storage are also highlighted. The current challenges and future prospects of CDs@hydrogels systems for the novel functional materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China
- School of Textiles Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
- Hebei Industrial Technology Research Institute of Membranes, Cangzhou Institute of Tiangong University, Cangzhou, 061000, China
| | - Xueyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yang Fu
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300381, China
| | - Fanyong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
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7
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Kong J, Wei Y, Zhou F, Shi L, Zhao S, Wan M, Zhang X. Carbon Quantum Dots: Properties, Preparation, and Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:2002. [PMID: 38731492 PMCID: PMC11085940 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots are a novel form of carbon material. They offer numerous benefits including particle size adjustability, light resistance, ease of functionalization, low toxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and high-water solubility, as well as their easy accessibility of raw materials. Carbon quantum dots have been widely used in various fields. The preparation methods employed are predominantly top-down methods such as arc discharge, laser ablation, electrochemical and chemical oxidation, as well as bottom-up methods such as templates, microwave, and hydrothermal techniques. This article provides an overview of the properties, preparation methods, raw materials for preparation, and the heteroatom doping of carbon quantum dots, and it summarizes the applications in related fields, such as optoelectronics, bioimaging, drug delivery, cancer therapy, sensors, and environmental remediation. Finally, currently encountered issues of carbon quantum dots are presented. The latest research progress in synthesis and application, as well as the challenges outlined in this review, can help and encourage future research on carbon quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiangfeng Zhang
- School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; (Y.W.); (F.Z.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (M.W.)
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8
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Lamba R, Yukta Y, Mondal J, Kumar R, Pani B, Singh B. Carbon Dots: Synthesis, Characterizations, and Recent Advancements in Biomedical, Optoelectronics, Sensing, and Catalysis Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2086-2127. [PMID: 38512809 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CNDs), a fascinating carbon-based nanomaterial (typical size 2-10 nm) owing to their superior optical properties, high biocompatibility, and cell penetrability, have tremendous applications in different interdisciplinary fields. Here, in this Review, we first explore the superiority of CNDs over other nanomaterials in the biomedical, optoelectronics, analytical sensing, and photocatalysis domains. Beginning with synthesis, characterization, and purification techniques, we even address fundamental questions surrounding CNDs such as emission origin and excitation-dependent behavior. Then we explore recent advancements in their applications, focusing on biological/biomedical uses like specific organelle bioimaging, drug/gene delivery, biosensing, and photothermal therapy. In optoelectronics, we cover CND-based solar cells, perovskite solar cells, and their role in LEDs and WLEDs. Analytical sensing applications include the detection of metals, hazardous chemicals, and proteins. In catalysis, we examine roles in photocatalysis, CO2 reduction, water splitting, stereospecific synthesis, and pollutant degradation. With this Review, we intend to further spark interest in CNDs and CND-based composites by highlighting their many benefits across a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Lamba
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Yukta Yukta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Jiban Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Ram Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
- Department of Chemistry, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110075, India
| | - Balaram Pani
- Department of Chemistry, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110075, India
| | - Bholey Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110036, India
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9
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Shah H, Paul G, Yadav AK. Surface-Tailored Nanoplatform for the Diagnosis and Management of Stroke: Current Strategies and Future Outlook. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1383-1403. [PMID: 37707740 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Stroke accounts for one of the top leading reasons for neurological mortality and morbidity around the globe. Both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes lead to local hypoxia and are brought about by the occlusion or rupturing of the blood vessels. The events taking place after the onset of a stroke include membrane ion pump failure, calcium and glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, increased ROS production causing DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, development of brain edema, and microvascular dysfunction. To date, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) therapy and mechanical removal of blood clots are the only clinically available stroke therapies, approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA). But because of the narrow therapeutic window of around 4.5 h for tPA therapy and complications like systemic bleeding and anaphylaxis, more clinical trials are ongoing in the same field. Therefore, using nanocarriers with diverse physicochemical properties is a promising strategy in treating and diagnosing stroke as they can efficiently bypass the tight blood-brain barrier (BBB) through mechanisms like receptor-mediated transcytosis and help achieve controlled and targeted drug delivery. In this review, we will mainly focus on the pathophysiology of stroke, BBB alterations following stroke, strategies to target BBB for stroke therapies, different types of nanocarriers currently being used for therapeutic intervention of stroke, and biomarkers as well as imaging techniques used for the detection and diagnosis of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinal Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Raebareli (An Institute of National Importance Under Dept. of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, GOI), A Transit Campus at Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base Camp, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - Gajanan Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Raebareli (An Institute of National Importance Under Dept. of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, GOI), A Transit Campus at Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base Camp, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - Awesh K Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Raebareli (An Institute of National Importance Under Dept. of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, GOI), A Transit Campus at Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base Camp, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India.
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10
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Kaur I, Batra V, Bogireddy NK, Baveja J, Kumar Y, Agarwal V. Chemical- and green-precursor-derived carbon dots for photocatalytic degradation of dyes. iScience 2024; 27:108920. [PMID: 38352227 PMCID: PMC10863327 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid industrialization and untreated industrial effluents loaded with toxic and carcinogenic contaminants, especially dyes that discharge into environmental waters, have led to a rise in water pollution, with a substantial adverse impact on marine life and humankind. Photocatalytic techniques are one of the most successful methods that help in degradation and/or removal of such contaminants. In recent years, semiconductor quantum dots are being substituted by carbon dots (CDs) as photocatalysts, due to the ease of formation, cost-effectiveness, possible sustainability and scalability, much lower toxicity, and above all its high capacity to harvest sunlight (UV, visible, and near infrared) through electron transfer that enhances the lifetime of the photogenerated charge carriers. A better understanding between the properties of the CDs and their role in photocatalytic degradation of dyes and contaminants is required for the formation of controllable structures and adjustable outcomes. The focus of this review is on CDs and its composites as photocatalysts obtained from different sustainable green as well as chemical precursors. Apart from the synthesis, characterization, and properties of the CDs, the study also highlights the effect of different parameters on the photocatalytic properties of CDs and their composites for catalytic dye degradation mechanisms in detail. Besides the present research development in the field, potential challenges and future perspectives are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inderbir Kaur
- Department of Electronic Science, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vandana Batra
- Department of Physics, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Jasmina Baveja
- Invited Researcher at Center for Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences (CIICAp-IICBA), Autonomous State University of Morelos (UAEM), Av. Univ. 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Y. Kumar
- Departamento de Fisico Matematica, UANL, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - V. Agarwal
- Center for Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences (CIICAp-IICBA), Autonomous State University of Morelos (UAEM), Av. Univ. 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
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11
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Meher MK, Unnikrishnan BS, Tripathi DK, Packirisamy G, Poluri KM. Baicalin functionalized PEI-heparin carbon dots as cancer theranostic agent. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126846. [PMID: 37717866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of cancer and its significantly rising risks with age have garnered the attention of nanotechnology for prompt detection and effective therapy with minimal or no adverse effects. In the current study, heparin (HP) polymer derived heteroatom (N, S-) co-doped CDs were synthesized using hydrothermal synthesis method to efficiently deliver natural anticancer compound baicalin (BA). Heparin carbon dots (HCDs) were passivated with polyethylenimine (PEI) to improve its fluorescence quantum yield. The surface passivation of CDs by polycationic PEI polymer not only facilitated loading of BA, but also played a crucial role in the pH-responsive drug delivery. The sustained release of BA (up to 80 %) in mildly acidic pH (5.5 and 6.5) conditions endorsed its drug delivery potential for cancer-specific microenvironments. BA-loaded PHCDs exhibited enhanced anticancer activity as compared to BA/PHCDs indicating the effectiveness of the nanoformulation, Furthermore, the flow cytometry analysis confirmed that BA-PHCDs treated cells were arrested in the G2/M phase of cell cycle and had a higher potential for apoptosis. Bioimaging study demonstrated the excellent cell penetration efficiency of PHCDs with complete cytoplasmic localization. All this evidence comprehensively demonstrates the potency of BA-loaded PHCDs as a nanotheranostic agent for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Meher
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - B S Unnikrishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Gopinath Packirisamy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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12
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Thakur S, Saini RV, Thakur N, Sharma R, Das J, Slama P, Tuli HS, Haque S, Niyazi HA, Moulay M, Harakeh S, Saini AK. Chitosan-PEI passivated carbon dots for plasmid DNA and miRNA-153 delivery in cancer cells. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21824. [PMID: 38034707 PMCID: PMC10682126 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
These days carbon dots have been developed for multiple biomedical applications. In the current study, the transfection potential of synthesized carbon dots from single biopolymers such as chitosan, PEI-2kDa, and PEI-25kDa (CS-CDs, PEI2-CDs, and PEI25-CDs) and by combining two biopolymers (CP2-CDs and CP25-CDs) through a bottom-up approach have been investigated. The characterization studies revealed successful synthesis of fluorescent, positively charged carbon dots <20 nm in size. Synthesized carbon dots formed a stable complex with plasmid DNA (EGFP-N1) and miRNA-153 that protected DNA/miRNA from serum-induced degradation. In-vitro cytotoxicity analysis revealed minimal cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines (A549 and MDA-MB-231). In-vitro transfection of EGFP-N1 plasmid DNA with PEI2-CDs, PEI25-CDs and CP25-CDs demonstrated that these CDs could strongly transfect A549 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The highest EGFP-N1 plasmid transfection efficiency was observed with PEI2-CDs at a weight ratio of 32:1. PEI25-CDs polyplex showed maximum transfection at a weight ratio of 8:1 in A549 at a weight ratio of 16:1 in MDA-MB-231 cells. CP25-CDs exhibited the highest transfection at a weight ratio of 16:1 in both cell lines. The in-vitro transfection of target miRNA, i.e., miR-153 in A549 and MDA-MB-231 cells with PEI2-CDs, PEI25-CDs, and CP25-CDs suggested successful transfer of miR-153 into cells which induced significant cell death in both cell lines. Importantly, CS-CDs and CP2-CDs could be tolerated by cells up to 200 μg/mL concentration, while PEI2-CDs, PEI25-CDs, and CP25-CDs showed non-cytotoxic behavior at low concentrations (25 μg/mL). Together, these results suggest that a combination of carbon dots synthesized from chitosan and PEI (CP25-CDs) could be a novel vector for transfection nucleic acids that can be utilized in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Thakur
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Reena V. Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, 133207, India
| | - Neelam Thakur
- School of Advance Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Joydeep Das
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, India
| | - Petr Slama
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, 133207, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hatoon A. Niyazi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Moulay
- Embryonic Stem Cells Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center. King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steve Harakeh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, and Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adesh K. Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, 133207, India
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13
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Bao H, Liu Y, Li H, Qi W, Sun K. Luminescence of carbon quantum dots and their application in biochemistry. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20317. [PMID: 37790961 PMCID: PMC10543222 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Similar to fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene, carbon dots (CDs) are causing a lot of research work in their own right. CDs are a type of surface-passivated quantum dot that contain carbon atoms. Their distinctive characteristics, such as luminescent emission that varies with size and wavelength, resistance to photobleaching, easy biological binding, lack of toxicity, and economical production without the need for intricate synthetic processes, have led to a noteworthy surge in attention within the research community. Different techniques can be utilized to create these CDs, spanning from basic candle burning to laser ablation. This review article delves into the principles of fluorescence technology, providing insights into how different synthesis methods of quantum dots impact their luminescent properties. Additionally, it highlights the latest applications of quantum dots in catalysis and biomedical fields, with special emphasis on the current status of luminescent properties in biology and chemistry. Towards the end, the article discusses the limitations of quantum dots in current practical applications, pointing out that CDs hold promising potential for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Bao
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yihao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - He Li
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxin Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keyan Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
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14
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Kumara BN, Kalimuthu P, Prasad KS. Synthesis, properties and potential applications of photoluminescent carbon nanoparticles: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1268:341430. [PMID: 37268342 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescent-carbon nanoparticles (PL-CNPs) are a new class of materials that received immense interest among researchers due to their distinct characteristics, including photoluminescence, high surface-to-volume ratio, low cost, ease of synthesis, high quantum yield, and biocompatibility. By exploiting these outstanding properties, many studies have been reported on its utility as sensors, photocatalysts, probes for bio-imaging, and optoelectronics applications. From clinical applications to point-of-care test devices, drug loading to tracking of drug delivery, and other research innovations demonstrated PL-CNPs as an emerging material that could substitute conventional approaches. However, some of the PL-CNPs have poor PL properties and selectivity due to the presence of impurities (e.g., molecular fluorophores) and unfavourable surface charges by the passivation molecules, which impede their applications in many fields. To address these issues, many researchers have been paying great attention to developing new PL-CNPs with different composite combinations to achieve high PL properties and selectivity. Herein, we thoroughly discussed the recent development of various synthetic strategies employed to prepare PL-CNPs, doping effects, photostability, biocompatibility, and applications in sensing, bioimaging, and drug delivery fields. Moreover, the review discussed the limitations, future direction, and perspectives of PL-CNPs in possible potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Kumara
- Nanomaterial Research Laboratory (NMRL), Nano Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575 018, India
| | - Palraj Kalimuthu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
| | - K S Prasad
- Centre for Nutrition Studies, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575 018, India.
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15
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Ali MK, Javaid S, Afzal H, Zafar I, Fayyaz K, Ain Q, Rather MA, Hossain MJ, Rashid S, Khan KA, Sharma R. Exploring the multifunctional roles of quantum dots for unlocking the future of biology and medicine. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 232:116290. [PMID: 37295589 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With recent advancements in nanomedicines and their associated research with biological fields, their translation into clinically-applicable products is still below promises. Quantum dots (QDs) have received immense research attention and investment in the four decades since their discovery. We explored the extensive biomedical applications of QDs, viz. Bio-imaging, drug research, drug delivery, immune assays, biosensors, gene therapy, diagnostics, their toxic effects, and bio-compatibility. We unravelled the possibility of using emerging data-driven methodologies (bigdata, artificial intelligence, machine learning, high-throughput experimentation, computational automation) as excellent sources for time, space, and complexity optimization. We also discussed ongoing clinical trials, related challenges, and the technical aspects that should be considered to improve the clinical fate of QDs and promising future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kashif Ali
- Deparment of Physiology, Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, Punjab, 54700, Pakistan.
| | - Saher Javaid
- KAM School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (a Chartered University) Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Haseeb Afzal
- Department of ENT, Ameer Ud Din Medical College, Lahore, Punjab, 54700, Pakistan.
| | - Imran Zafar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virtual University, Punjab, 54700, Pakistan.
| | - Kompal Fayyaz
- Department of National Centre for Bioinformatics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Quratul Ain
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad (GCWUF), Punjab, 54700, Pakistan.
| | - Mohd Ashraf Rather
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Fisheries, Rangil- Gandarbal (SKAUST-K), India.
| | - Md Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh.
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Applied College, King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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16
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Torres FG, Gonzales KN, Troncoso OP, Cañedo VS. Carbon Quantum Dots Based on Marine Polysaccharides: Types, Synthesis, and Applications. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:338. [PMID: 37367663 DOI: 10.3390/md21060338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine environment offers a vast array of resources, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, that can be utilized to extract polysaccharides such as alginate, carrageenan, chitin, chitosan, agarose, ulvan, porphyra, and many more. These polysaccharides found in marine environments can serve as carbon-rich precursors for synthesizing carbon quantum dots (CQDs). Marine polysaccharides have a distinct advantage over other CQD precursors because they contain multiple heteroatoms, including nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and oxygen (O). The surface of CQDs can be naturally doped, reducing the need for excessive use of chemical reagents and promoting green methods. The present review highlights the processing methods used to synthesize CQDs from marine polysaccharide precursors. These can be classified according to their biological origin as being derived from algae, crustaceans, or fish. CQDs can be synthesized to exhibit exceptional optical properties, including high fluorescence emission, absorbance, quenching, and quantum yield. CQDs' structural, morphological, and optical properties can be adjusted by utilizing multi-heteroatom precursors. Moreover, owing to their biocompatibility and low toxicity, CQDs obtained from marine polysaccharides have potential applications in various fields, including biomedicine (e.g., drug delivery, bioimaging, and biosensing), photocatalysis, water quality monitoring, and the food industry. Using marine polysaccharides to produce carbon quantum dots (CQDs) enables the transformation of renewable sources into a cutting-edge technological product. This review can provide fundamental insights for the development of novel nanomaterials derived from natural marine sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando G Torres
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 15088, Peru
| | - Karen N Gonzales
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 15088, Peru
| | - Omar P Troncoso
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 15088, Peru
| | - Victoria S Cañedo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 15088, Peru
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17
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Kuo YC, De S. Development of carbon dots to manage Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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18
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Asil SM, Guerrero ED, Bugarini G, Cayme J, De Avila N, Garcia J, Hernandez A, Mecado J, Madero Y, Moncayo F, Olmos R, Perches D, Roman J, Salcido-Padilla D, Sanchez E, Trejo C, Trevino P, Nurunnabi M, Narayan M. Theranostic applications of multifunctional carbon nanomaterials. VIEW 2023; 4:20220056. [PMID: 37426287 PMCID: PMC10328449 DOI: 10.1002/viw.20220056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanobiotechnology is one of the leading research areas in biomedical science, developing rapidly worldwide. Among various types of nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have attracted a great deal of attention from the scientific community, especially with respect to their prospective application in the field of disease diagnosis and therapy. The unique features of these nanomaterials, including favorable size, high surface area, and electrical, structural, optical, and chemical properties, have provided an excellent opportunity for their utilization in theranostic systems. Carbon nanotubes, carbon quantum dots, graphene, and fullerene are the most employed CNMs in biomedical fields. They have been considered safe and efficient for non-invasive diagnostic techniques such as fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and biosensors. Various functionalized CNMs exhibit a great capacity to improve cell targeting of anti-cancer drugs. Due to their thermal properties, they have been extensively used in cancer photothermal and photodynamic therapy assisted by laser irradiation and CNMs. CNMs also can cross the blood-brain barrier and have the potential to treat various brain disorders, for instance, neurodegenerative diseases, by removing amyloid fibrils. This review has summarized and emphasized on biomedical application of CNMs and their recent advances in diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Masoudi Asil
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Erick Damian Guerrero
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Georgina Bugarini
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Joshua Cayme
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Nydia De Avila
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Jaime Garcia
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Adrian Hernandez
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Julia Mecado
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Yazeneth Madero
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Frida Moncayo
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Rosario Olmos
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - David Perches
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Jacob Roman
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Diana Salcido-Padilla
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Efrain Sanchez
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher Trejo
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Paulina Trevino
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
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19
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Bazazi S, Hosseini SP, Hashemi E, Rashidzadeh B, Liu Y, Saeb MR, Xiao H, Seidi F. Polysaccharide-based C-dots and polysaccharide/C-dot nanocomposites: fabrication strategies and applications. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3630-3650. [PMID: 36728615 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07065k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
C-dots are a new class of materials with vast applications. The synthesis of bio-based C-dots has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Polysaccharides being the most abundant natural materials with high biodegradability and no toxicity have been the focus of researchers for the synthesis of C-dots. C-dots obtained from polysaccharides are generally fabricated via thermal procedures, carbonization, and microwave pyrolysis. Small size, photo-induced electron transfer (PET), and highly adjustable luminosity behavior are the most important physical and chemical properties of C-dots. However, C-dot/polysaccharide composites can be introduced as a new generation of composites that combine the features of both C-dots and polysaccharides having a wide range of applications in biomedicines, biosensors, drug delivery systems, etc. This review demonstrates the features, raw materials, and methods used for the fabrication of C-dots derived from different polysaccharides. Furthermore, the properties, applications, and synthesis conditions of various C-dot/polysaccharide composites are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Bazazi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Seyedeh Parisa Hosseini
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Esmaeil Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, PO Box 41335-1914, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Yuqian Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3 Canada.
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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20
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Tiwari A, Walia S, Sharma S, Chauhan S, Kumar M, Gadly T, Randhawa JK. High quantum yield carbon dots and nitrogen-doped carbon dots as fluorescent probes for spectroscopic dopamine detection in human serum. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:1029-1043. [PMID: 36597935 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02188a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in fluorescent carbon dots have shown great potential for the sensing of biological molecules. In this study, one-step hydrothermally synthesised carbon dots (CD) and nitrogen doped carbon dots (NCD) with high quantum yields of 54.29% and 89.82%, respectively, were investigated and demonstrated to be a reliable, cost-effective, and naked-eye fluorescent probe for the detection of dopamine, a neurotransmitter, in human serum fluids. The current study is well supported by a comprehensive synthesis approach and has been described utilizing a variety of microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The discovered approach is time and pH dependent, and it provides a robust platform for specifically detecting aberrant dopamine levels using a fluorescence quenching mechanism. Dopamine detection limits for CD were calculated to be 5.54 μM for CD and 5.12 μM for NCD, respectively. The fluorescence quenching shows a linear continuous trend with a range within 3.3-500 μM and 3.3-400 μM of dopamine concentration for CD and NCD respectively. To further verify the sensitivity of CD and NCD as fluorescent probes, interference studies in the presence of different biological components were also studied and validated. This work shows that carbon-based nanomaterials and their doped nanostructures, due to their high fluorescence, have significant potential as fluorescent probes in neurological disease diagnosis as they display high selectivity, sensitivity and fast responses in the real time spectroscopic detection of dopamine in human fluid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Tiwari
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India. .,Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sidharth Walia
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Shradha Sharma
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Sunidhi Chauhan
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Trilochan Gadly
- Bio-Organic Division, Mod. Labs, Baba Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur Randhawa
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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21
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Krishnapriya TK, Prasanth S, Deepti A, Baby Chakrapani PS, Asha AS, Jayaraj MK. Ultrafast detection of folic acid in nanomolar levels and cancer cell imaging using hydrothermally synthesized carbon dots. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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22
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Padilla-Godínez FJ, Ruiz-Ortega LI, Guerra-Crespo M. Nanomedicine in the Face of Parkinson's Disease: From Drug Delivery Systems to Nanozymes. Cells 2022; 11:3445. [PMID: 36359841 PMCID: PMC9657131 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The complexity and overall burden of Parkinson's disease (PD) require new pharmacological approaches to counteract the symptomatology while reducing the progressive neurodegeneration of affected dopaminergic neurons. Since the pathophysiological signature of PD is characterized by the loss of physiological levels of dopamine (DA) and the misfolding and aggregation of the alpha-synuclein (α-syn) protein, new proposals seek to restore the lost DA and inhibit the progressive damage derived from pathological α-syn and its impact in terms of oxidative stress. In this line, nanomedicine (the medical application of nanotechnology) has achieved significant advances in the development of nanocarriers capable of transporting and delivering basal state DA in a controlled manner in the tissues of interest, as well as highly selective catalytic nanostructures with enzyme-like properties for the elimination of reactive oxygen species (responsible for oxidative stress) and the proteolysis of misfolded proteins. Although some of these proposals remain in their early stages, the deepening of our knowledge concerning the pathological processes of PD and the advances in nanomedicine could endow for the development of potential treatments for this still incurable condition. Therefore, in this paper, we offer: (i) a brief summary of the most recent findings concerning the physiology of motor regulation and (ii) the molecular neuropathological processes associated with PD, together with (iii) a recapitulation of the current progress in controlled DA release by nanocarriers and (iv) the design of nanozymes, catalytic nanostructures with oxidoreductase-, chaperon, and protease-like properties. Finally, we conclude by describing the prospects and knowledge gaps to overcome and consider as research into nanotherapies for PD continues, especially when clinical translations take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Padilla-Godínez
- Neurosciences Division, Cell Physiology Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Leonardo I. Ruiz-Ortega
- Institute for Physical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Magdalena Guerra-Crespo
- Neurosciences Division, Cell Physiology Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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23
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Mathew S, Arumainathan S. Crosslinked Chitosan-Gelatin Biocompatible Nanocomposite as a Neuro Drug Carrier. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:18732-18744. [PMID: 35694506 PMCID: PMC9178715 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The polymers, chitosan, a polysaccharide, and gelatin, a protein, are crosslinked in different ratios without the aid of a crosslinking agent. Facile chemical reactions were followed to synthesize a chitosan/gelatin nanocomposite in three different ratios (1:1, 1:3, and 3:1). The solubility of chitosan and the stability of gelatin were improved due to the crosslinking. Both the polymers have excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility, adhesion, and absorption properties in a biological environment. The properties of the composite were favorable to be used in drug delivery applications, and the drug dopamine was encapsulated in the composite for all three ratios. The properties of the chitosan/gelatin nanocomposite and dopamine-loaded chitosan/gelatin nanocomposite were examined using XRD, FTIR, SEM, UV, TGA, TEM, and DLS techniques, and the crosslinking was confirmed. Higuchi kinetic release was seen with a cumulative release of 93% within 24 h for the 1:3 nanocomposite in a neutral medium. The peaks at 9 and 20° in the XRD spectrum confirmed the encapsulation of dopamine with the increase in the crystallinity of chitosan, which is also evident from the SAED image. The dopamine functional groups were confirmed from the IR peaks between 500 and 1500 cm-1 and the wide UV absorption maxima between 250 and 290 nm. The particle size of the drug-loaded composite in the ratios 1:1, 1:3, and 3:1 were calculated to be 275, 405, and 355 nm, respectively. The nanocomposite also showed favorable DPPH antioxidant and antibacterial activity againstStaphylococcus aureus. Sustained release of dopamine in a neutral medium using crosslinked chitosan and gelatin without the presence of a crosslinker is the highlight of the work.
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Blessy Rebecca PN, Durgalakshmi D, Balakumar S, Rakkesh RA. Biomass‐Derived Graphene‐Based Nanocomposites: A Futuristic Material for Biomedical Applications. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. N. Blessy Rebecca
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur 603203 TN India
| | - D. Durgalakshmi
- Department of Medical Physics Anna University Chennai 600025 TN India
| | - S. Balakumar
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology University of Madras Chennai 600025 TN India
| | - R. Ajay Rakkesh
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur 603203 TN India
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25
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Liu S, Zhong Z, Zhang C, Zhou Y, Fu C, Xu X. Targeted therapy for the treatment of gliomas with multifunctional orange emissive carbon dots. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:894-903. [PMID: 36131815 PMCID: PMC9418263 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00722j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
As a nano-material, carbon dots have been extensively studied and applied in many ways. Herein, iron-doped orange emissive carbon dots (ICDs) were easily synthesized using the hydrothermal method and coupled with Trf and glucose oxidase (GOD) simply by virtue of the abundant functional groups on their surface. The resulting carbon dots were named IGTCDs. The obtained IGTCDs possessed targeting, therapeutic and imaging functions, achieving the enzymolysis of glucose, the decomposition of H2O2 and the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) sequentially in gliomas as a multifunctional nano-catalyst, and achieving an efficient glioma targeted killing effect. On the basis of the ideal biocompatibility of the IGTCDs with a cell survival rate of over 85%, even at a high concentration (500 μg ml-1), the IGTCDs, which were coupled substances present within the organism, glucose oxidase and transferrins, showed an obvious inhibitory effect on the growth of tumor cells, and the survival rate of the C6 cells was only 28.10% at 300 μg ml-1. The highly efficient anti-tumor effect was further demonstrated in the treatment of mice suffering from glioma, and the tumor inhibition rate was increased to 56.21-98.32%. This safe and effective multifunctional tumor inhibitor could be conveniently synthesized in large quantities, verifying the feasibility of the anti-tumor therapy based on the tumor microenvironment (TME), creating a novel method for the application of carbon dots in tumor treatment and providing a novel, reasonable and effective method for the treatment of cancer and gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Liu
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Zhuoling Zhong
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Chuanwei Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yanqu Zhou
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Chunmei Fu
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
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26
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Zhu J, Li X, Wu X, Yuan T, Yang Y. Nanocomposite of Ag nanoparticles and deep eutectic solvent-derived carbon dots with oxidase mimicking activity as synergistic bactericidal agent. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 74:684-694. [PMID: 35032054 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A new type of nitrogen and chloride co-doped carbon dots (N/Cl-CDs) based on choline chloride-urea-glycine ternary deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was synthesized using a one-step hydrothermal method. The prepared N/Cl-CDs exhibited oxidase-like activity and excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The addition of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) (i.e., N/Cl-CDs + Ag NPs) to the N/Cl-CDs also significantly enhanced the oxidase and antibacterial activity. The nanocomposite (1.8 mg ml-1 ) completely inactivated 105 CFU ml-1 of MRSA in 90 min. E. coli and S. aureus were labeled with the N/Cl-CDs, enabling multicolor fluorescence imaging at different excitation wavelengths. The nanocomposites have high antibacterial efficiency as a new bactericidal agent, as well as application potential with good biocompatibility and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrun Zhu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Province, 650500, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Province, 650500, China.,Department of Gynecology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiaomei Wu
- Department of Gynecology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Gynecology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yaling Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Province, 650500, China
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27
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Singh A, Mallika TN, Gorain B, Yadav AK, Tiwari S, Flora S, Shukla R, Kesharwani P. Quantum dot: Heralding a brighter future in neurodegenerative disorders. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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28
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Hashemi-Moghaddam H, Ebrahimi M, Johari B, Madanchi H. Targeted delivery of paclitaxel by NL2 peptide-functionalized on core-shell LaVO4: Eu3@ poly (levodopa) luminescent nanoparticles. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:1578-1587. [PMID: 33608947 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery enhances drug efficiency and selectivity without affecting normal cells. Luminescent nanoparticles can be used for tumor imaging as well as selective tumor targeting for drug delivery. In this research, LaVO4 :Eu3+ was synthesized, the luminescent nanocrystal was coated by surface polymerization of levodopa in the presence of Paclitaxel (PTX), and then NL2 peptide was coupled on the surface of polymer-coated luminescent nanoparticles. Next, the capability of the modified drug was examined by in vitro and in vivo experiments. MTT assay on SK-BR-3 cell line (as breast cancer cells) and fluorescent microscopy results indicate that this modification decreases significantly drug toxicity and increases its selectivity. In addition, in vivo experiments confirm more capability of the NL2-functionalized nanocomposite for reducing tumor size, drug distribution in the body, and more aggregation of PTX in tumor tissue. Overall, it is concluded that tumor imaging is possible using luminescent LaVO4 :Eu3+ core and NL2 peptide increases significantly the specificity of PTX in combination with a functionalized luminescent polymeric carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mansore Ebrahimi
- Department of Chemistry, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Johari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hamid Madanchi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Yang SD, Zhao YQ, Zhang F, Liao M, Yang Z, Wang YJ, Yu LL. An Abdominal Registration Technology for Integration of Nanomaterial Imaging-Aided Diagnosis and Treatment. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:952-959. [PMID: 34082880 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Image registration technology is a key technology used in the process of nanomaterial imaging-aided diagnosis and targeted therapy effect monitoring for abdominal diseases. Recently, the deep-learning based methods have been increasingly used for large-scale medical image registration, because their iteration is much less than those of traditional ones. In this paper, a coarse-to-fine unsupervised learning-based three-dimensional (3D) abdominal CT image registration method is presented. Firstly, an affine transformation was used as an initial step to deal with large deformation between two images. Secondly, an unsupervised total loss function containing similarity, smoothness, and topology preservation measures was proposed to achieve better registration performances during convolutional neural network (CNN) training and testing. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method severally obtains the average MSE, PSNR, and SSIM values of 0.0055, 22.7950, and 0.8241, which outperformed some existing traditional and unsupervised learning-based methods. Moreover, our method can register 3D abdominal CT images with shortest time and is expected to become a real-time method for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Di Yang
- School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yu-Qian Zhao
- School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Miao Liao
- School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China
| | - Yan-Jin Wang
- School of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China
| | - Ling-Li Yu
- School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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30
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Aung YY, Wibrianto A, Sianturi JS, Ulfa DK, Sakti SCW, Irzaman I, Yuliarto B, Chang JY, Kwee Y, Fahmi MZ. Comparison Direct Synthesis of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Carbon Nanodots as Dual Active Targeting and Imaging of HeLa Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:13300-13309. [PMID: 34056478 PMCID: PMC8158841 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study explores the potential of carbon nanodots (CDs) synthesized from hyaluronic acid using microwave-assisted and furnace-assisted methods as bioimaging agents for cancer cells. The investigation on the effect of microwave-assisted and furnace-assisted times (2 min and 2 h) on determining CD character is dominantly discussed. Various CDs, such as HA-P1 and HA-P2 were, respectively, synthesized through the furnace-assisted method at 270 °C for 2 min and 2 h, whereas HA-M1 and HA-M2 were synthesized with the microwave-assisted method for 2 min and 2 h, respectively. Overall, various CDs were produced with an average diameter, with the maximum absorption of HA-P1, HA-P2, HA-M1, and HA-M2 at 234, 238, 221, and 217 nm, respectively. The photoluminescence spectra of these CDs showed particular emissions at 320 nm and excitation wavelengths from 340 to 400 nm. Several characterizations such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy reveal the CD properties such as amorphous structures, existence of D bands and G bands, and hydrophilic property supported with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. The quantum yields of HA-M1, HA-M2, HA-P1, and HA-P2 were 12, 7, 9, and 23%, respectively. The cytotoxicity and in vitro activity were verified by a cell counting kit-8 assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy, which show a low toxicity with the percentage of living cells above 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yu Aung
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Aswandi Wibrianto
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Jefry S. Sianturi
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Desita K. Ulfa
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Satya. C. W. Sakti
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- Supra
Modification Nano-Micro Engineering Group, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Irzaman Irzaman
- Department
of Physics, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Brian Yuliarto
- Department
of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40116, Indonesia
| | - Jia-yaw Chang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan
University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan 10607, Republic of China
| | - Yaung Kwee
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Mochamad Z. Fahmi
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- Supra
Modification Nano-Micro Engineering Group, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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31
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Rossini EL, Milani MI, Lima LS, Pezza HR. Paper microfluidic device using carbon dots to detect glucose and lactate in saliva samples. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 248:119285. [PMID: 33310613 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioanalyses are commonly performed with blood or serum samples. However, these analyses often require invasive and painful blood collection using a needle or finger pricking. Saliva is an alternative and very attractive biological medium for performing clinical analyses, since it contains many types of clinically relevant biomarkers and compounds. Its collection is straightforward and can be achieved in a non-invasive and stress-free way. However, the analytes are frequently present at low concentrations, while the viscosity of whole saliva hinders its analysis using paper devices, especially those with multiple layers (3D-μPADs). This work explores the use of a simple, fast, and low-cost saliva sample pretreatment using a cotton-paper-syringe filtration system, allowing the analysis of saliva samples using multilayer paper devices. The proposed methodology employs the oxidation of glucose and lactate, catalyzed by specific oxidase enzymes, producing hydrogen peroxide. The detection is based on the fluorescence quenching of carbon dots in the presence of hydrogen peroxidase. The concentrations of the analytes showed good linear correlations with the fluorescence quenching, with LODs of 2.60 × 10-6 and 8.14 × 10-7 mol L-1 for glucose and lactate, respectively. The proposed method presented satisfactory intra-day and inter-day repeatabilities, with %RSD values in the range 3.82-6.61%. The enzymatic systems proved to be specific for the analytes and the matrix had no significant influence on the glucose and lactate determinations. The proposed methodology was successfully applied to saliva and serum samples and was validated using certified material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Luiz Rossini
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni 55, C.P. 355, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Izabel Milani
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni 55, C.P. 355, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Liliane Spazzapam Lima
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni 55, C.P. 355, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena Redigolo Pezza
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni 55, C.P. 355, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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32
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Mathew SA, Prakash PA, Jaabir MM, Dhanavel S, Manikandan R, Stephen A. Dopamine-conjugated CuS/chitosan nanocomposite for targeted photothermal drug delivery: In vitro cytotoxicity study to establish bio-compatibility. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Nair A, Haponiuk JT, Thomas S, Gopi S. Natural carbon-based quantum dots and their applications in drug delivery: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110834. [PMID: 33035830 PMCID: PMC7537666 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural carbon based quantum dots (NCDs) are an emerging class of nanomaterials in the carbon family. NCDs have gained immense acclamation among researchers because of their abundance, eco-friendly nature, aqueous solubility, the diverse functionality and biocompatibility when compared to other conventional carbon quantum dots (CDs).The presence of different functional groups on the surface of NCDs such as thiol, carboxyl, hydroxyl, etc., provides improved quantum yield, physicochemical and optical properties which promote bioimaging, sensing, and drug delivery. This review provides comprehensive knowledge about NCDs for drug delivery applications by outlining the source and rationale behind NCDs, different routes of synthesis of NCDs and the merits of adopting each method. Detailed information regarding the mechanism behind the optical properties, toxicological profile including biosafety and biodistribution of NCDs that are favourable for drug delivery are discussed. The drug delivery applications of NCDs particularly as sensing and real-time tracing probe, antimicrobial, anticancer, neurodegenerative agents are reviewed. The clinical aspects of NCDs are also reviewed as an initiative to strengthen the case of NCDs as potent drug delivery agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhila Nair
- Department of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jozef T Haponiuk
- Department of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India
| | - Sreeraj Gopi
- Department of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland.
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