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Althumayri M, Das R, Banavath R, Beker L, Achim AM, Ceylan Koydemir H. Recent Advances in Transparent Electrodes and Their Multimodal Sensing Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2405099. [PMID: 39120484 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
This review examines the recent advancements in transparent electrodes and their crucial role in multimodal sensing technologies. Transparent electrodes, notable for their optical transparency and electrical conductivity, are revolutionizing sensors by enabling the simultaneous detection of diverse physical, chemical, and biological signals. Materials like graphene, carbon nanotubes, and conductive polymers, which offer a balance between optical transparency, electrical conductivity, and mechanical flexibility, are at the forefront of this development. These electrodes are integral in various applications, from healthcare to solar cell technologies, enhancing sensor performance in complex environments. The paper addresses challenges in applying these electrodes, such as the need for mechanical flexibility, high optoelectronic performance, and biocompatibility. It explores new materials and innovative techniques to overcome these hurdles, aiming to broaden the capabilities of multimodal sensing devices. The review provides a comparative analysis of different transparent electrode materials, discussing their applications and the ongoing development of novel electrode systems for multimodal sensing. This exploration offers insights into future advancements in transparent electrodes, highlighting their transformative potential in bioelectronics and multimodal sensing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Althumayri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ritu Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Ramu Banavath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Levent Beker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Alin M Achim
- School of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Hatice Ceylan Koydemir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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2
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Barabadi Z, Bahmani A, Jalalimonfared M, Ashrafizadeh M, Rashtbar M, Sharifi E, Tian H. Design and characterization of electroactive gelatin methacrylate hydrogel incorporated with gold nanoparticles empowered with parahydroxybenzaldehyde and curcumin for advanced tissue engineering applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2024; 35:45. [PMID: 39073649 PMCID: PMC11286724 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-024-06808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Electroconductive polymers are the materials of interest for the fabrication of electro-conductive tissues. Metal ions through the redox systems offer polymers with electrical conductivity. In this study, we processed a gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) network with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) through a redox system with parahydroxybenzaldehyde (PHB) or curcumin to enhance its electrical conductivity. Induction of the redox system with both PHB and curcumin into the GelMA, introduced some new functional groups into the polymeric network, as it has been confirmed by H-NMR and FTIR. These new bonds resulted in higher electro-conductivity when GNPs were added to the polymer. Higher electroactivity was achieved by PHB compared to the curcumin-induced redox system, and the addition of GNPs without redox system induction showed the lowest electroactivity. MTT was used to evaluate the biocompatibility of the resultant polymers, and the PHB-treated hydrogels showed higher proliferative effects on the cells. The findings of this study suggest that the introduction of a redox system by PHB in the GelMA network along with GNPs can contribute to the electrochemical properties of the material. This electroactivity can be advantageous for tissue engineering of electro-conductive tissues like cardiac and nervous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Barabadi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Asrin Bahmani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Jalalimonfared
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- International Association for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, China
| | | | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Cancer Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Haili Tian
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Lim JW. Polymer Materials for Optoelectronics and Energy Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3698. [PMID: 39124361 PMCID: PMC11312893 DOI: 10.3390/ma17153698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
This review comprehensively addresses the developments and applications of polymer materials in optoelectronics. Especially, this review introduces how the materials absorb, emit, and transfer charges, including the exciton-vibrational coupling, nonradiative and radiative processes, Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), and energy dynamics. Furthermore, it outlines charge trapping and recombination in the materials and draws the corresponding practical implications. The following section focuses on the practical application of organic materials in optoelectronics devices and highlights the detailed structure, operational principle, and performance metrics of organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photodetectors, and organic transistors in detail. Finally, this study underscores the transformative impact of organic materials on the evolution of optoelectronics, providing a comprehensive understanding of their properties, mechanisms, and diverse applications that contribute to advancing innovative technologies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Won Lim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 495 Tech Way, NW, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA
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Fardous RS, Alshmmari S, Tawfik E, Khadra I, Ramadan Q, Zourob M. An Integrated and Modular Compartmentalized Microfluidic System with Tunable Electrospun Porous Membranes for Epithelialized Organs-on-a-Chip. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39047263 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
A modular and 3D compartmentalized microfluidic system with electrospun porous membranes (PMs) for epithelialized organ-on-a-chip systems is presented. Our novel approach involves direct deposition of polymer nanofibers onto a patterned poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrate using electrospinning, resulting in an integrated PM within the microfluidic chip. The in situ deposition of the PM eliminates the need for additional assembly processes. To demonstrate the high throughput membrane integration capability of our approach, we successfully deposited nanofibers onto various chip designs with complex microfluidic planar structures and expanded dimensions. We characterized and tested the fully PMMA chip by growing an epithelial monolayer using the Caco-2 cell line to study drug permeability. A comprehensive analysis of the bulk and surface properties of the membrane's fibers made of PMMA and polystyrene (PS) was conducted to determine the polymer with the best performance for cell culture and drug transport applications. The PMMA-based membrane, with a PMMA/PVP ratio of 5:1, allowed for the fabrication of a uniform membrane structure along the aligned nanofibers. By modulating the fiber diameter and total thickness of the membrane, we could adjust the membrane's porosity for specific cell culture applications. The PMMA-PVP nanofibers exhibited a low polydispersity index value, indicating monodispersed nanofibers and a more homogeneous and uniform fiber network. Both types of membranes demonstrated excellent mechanical integrity under medium perfusion flow rates. However, the PMMA-PVP composition offered a tailored porous structure with modulable porosity based on the fiber diameter and thickness. Our developed platform enables dynamic in vitro modeling of the epithelial barrier and has applications in drug transport and in vitro microphysiological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roa S Fardous
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K
- Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Kingdome Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshmmari
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Kingdome Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam Tawfik
- Advanced Diagnostics & Therapeutics Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 12354, Kingdome Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Khadra
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K
| | - Qasem Ramadan
- Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Kingdome Saudi Arabia
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Matter L, Abdullaeva OS, Shaner S, Leal J, Asplund M. Bioelectronic Direct Current Stimulation at the Transition Between Reversible and Irreversible Charge Transfer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306244. [PMID: 38460180 PMCID: PMC11251568 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Many biological processes rely on endogenous electric fields (EFs), including tissue regeneration, cell development, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. Mimicking these biological EFs by applying external direct current stimulation (DCS) is therefore the key to many new therapeutic strategies. During DCS, the charge transfer from electrode to tissue relies on a combination of reversible and irreversible electrochemical processes, which may generate toxic or bio-altering substances, including metal ions and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) based electrodes are emerging as suitable candidates for DCS to improve biocompatibility compared to metals. This work addresses whether PEDOT electrodes can be tailored to favor reversible biocompatible charge transfer. To this end, different PEDOT formulations and their respective back electrodes are studied using cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, and direct measurements of H2O2 and O2. This combination of electrochemical methods sheds light on the time dynamics of reversible and irreversible charge transfer and the relationship between capacitance and ROS generation. The results presented here show that although all electrode materials investigated generate ROS, the onset of ROS can be delayed by increasing the electrode's capacitance via PEDOT coating, which has implications for future bioelectronic devices that allow longer reversibly driven pulse durations during DCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Matter
- Department of Microtechnology and NanoscienceChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSE 41296Sweden
- Department of Microsystems EngineeringUniversity of FreiburgGeorges‐Köhler‐Allee 20179110FreiburgGermany
- Brainlinks‐Braintools CenterUniversity of FreiburgGeorges‐Köhler‐Allee 20179110FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS)University of FreiburgAlbertstraße 1979104FreiburgGermany
| | - Oliya S. Abdullaeva
- Division of Nursing and Medical TechnologyLuleå University of TechnologyLuleåSE 97187Sweden
| | - Sebastian Shaner
- Department of Microsystems EngineeringUniversity of FreiburgGeorges‐Köhler‐Allee 20179110FreiburgGermany
- Brainlinks‐Braintools CenterUniversity of FreiburgGeorges‐Köhler‐Allee 20179110FreiburgGermany
| | - José Leal
- Department of Microsystems EngineeringUniversity of FreiburgGeorges‐Köhler‐Allee 20179110FreiburgGermany
- Brainlinks‐Braintools CenterUniversity of FreiburgGeorges‐Köhler‐Allee 20179110FreiburgGermany
| | - Maria Asplund
- Department of Microtechnology and NanoscienceChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSE 41296Sweden
- Department of Microsystems EngineeringUniversity of FreiburgGeorges‐Köhler‐Allee 20179110FreiburgGermany
- Brainlinks‐Braintools CenterUniversity of FreiburgGeorges‐Köhler‐Allee 20179110FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS)University of FreiburgAlbertstraße 1979104FreiburgGermany
- Division of Nursing and Medical TechnologyLuleå University of TechnologyLuleåSE 97187Sweden
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Nguyen MH, Onken A, Sündermann J, Shamsuyeva M, Singla P, Depuydt T, Peeters M, Wagner P, Bethmann K, Körner J, Endres HJ, Lenarz T, Doll T. Electrochemical Degradation of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Future Applications of Inflammation Sensing in Cochlear Implants. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:25223-25238. [PMID: 38882102 PMCID: PMC11170751 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
After cochlear implant (CI) insertion, there is a possibility of postoperative inflammation, which may involve proinflammatory markers such as interleukin-6. Detecting this inflammation promptly is crucial for administering anti-inflammatory drugs, if required. One potential method for detecting inflammation is using molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs). These MIPs, which can be deposited on the CI electrode, provide readout employing impedance measurements, a feature already available on the CI circuit. MIPs designed for this purpose should possess biocompatibility, conductivity, and degradability. The degradability is crucial because there is a limitation on the number of electrodes available, and once the inflammation sensor degrades after the acute inflammation period, it should remain usable as a regular electrode. In this work, conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate-based MIPs were synthesized against biotin as a surrogate target marker. Specific biotin binding with MIPs was determined before and after degradation using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and compared with the control nonimprinted polymers (NIPs). Subsequently, MIPs were electrochemically degraded by EIS with different potentials, wherein a potential dependence was observed. With decreasing potential, fewer dissolved polymers and more monomer molecules were detected in the solution in which degradation took place. At a potential of 0.205 V a negligible amount of dissolved polymer in addition to the dissolved monomer molecules was measured, which can be defined as the limiting potential. Below this potential, only dissolved monomer molecules are obtained, which enables renal clearance. Biocompatibility testing revealed that both the polymer and the solution with dissolved monomer molecules do not exceed the ISO 10993-5 cytotoxicity threshold. Based on these findings, we have developed conductive, biocompatible, and controllably degradable MIPs capable of detecting biotin. This research work paves the way for the advancement of CIs, where inflammation can be detected using molecular imprinting technology without compromising the stability and biosafety of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Hai Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology and Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Adrian Onken
- Department of Otolaryngology and Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Sündermann
- Department of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Madina Shamsuyeva
- IKK - Institute of Plastics and Circular Economy, Leibniz University Hannover, An der Universität 2, 30823 Garbsen, Germany
| | - Pankaj Singla
- Engineering Department, University of Manchester, Engineering A building, Booth E Street, M13 9QS Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Depuydt
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Marloes Peeters
- Engineering Department, University of Manchester, Engineering A building, Booth E Street, M13 9QS Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Wagner
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Konrad Bethmann
- Department of Information processing, Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Körner
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstraße 9a, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans-Josef Endres
- IKK - Institute of Plastics and Circular Economy, Leibniz University Hannover, An der Universität 2, 30823 Garbsen, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otolaryngology and Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Theodor Doll
- Department of Otolaryngology and Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Barhoumi M, Liu J, Hübner W, Lefkidis G. Using single and double laser pulses on the molecular Ni 4@C 48H 36 system to design integrated nanospintronic units. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:16070-16090. [PMID: 38780108 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00523f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The accomplishment of long-distance spin transfer scenarios between several magnetic centers is a big challenge for building and supporting spin-logic units for developing future all-optical magnetic unit operations. Using high-level quantum chemistry theory CCSD and EOM-CCSD, we systematically study the ultrafast laser-induced spin-dynamics process on a carbon-based material, to which four magnetic centers are attached. We show that the CCSD method with the 6-31G basis set calculation is sensitive to the C-Ni bond length. The spin density distribution, which is computed using EOM-CCSD with LanL2DZ+ECP calculations, Mulliken population analysis, including spin-orbit-coupling (SOC) and a magnetic field, fulfills the requirements for achieving spin dynamics processes. Different local spin-flip and spin-transfer processes are accomplished within the subpicosecond regime. The impact of the propagation direction of the laser pulse by switching their polar and the azimuthal angles in spherical coordinates on the spin dynamics processes is analyzed. Double laser pulses with time delay δt ≥ 200 × FWHM yield in a realistic magnetic field gradient selectively a lateral resolution, which corresponds to distances smaller than the CMOS scale (2 nm in 2024) while our system size is comparable to the CMOS scale. Here Λ and V processes with two quasi-degenerate intermediate levels are used. We propose a model of an integrated spin-logic processor created from an array of individual spin-logic blocks, which are realized by four magnetic centers Ni. The findings of this study demonstrate the enormous potential of using laser-induced spin dynamics as the fundamental mechanism for future molecular magnetic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Barhoumi
- Deutsche Telekom Chair of Communication Networks, Institute of Communication Technology, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Quantum Communication Networks (QCNets) Research Group, Institute of Communication Technology, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Physics, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, P.O. Box 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hübner
- Department of Physics, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, P.O. Box 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Georgios Lefkidis
- Department of Physics, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, P.O. Box 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi'an, China
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Aizamddin MF, Zainal Ariffin Z, Nor Amdan NA, Nawawi MA, Jani NA, Safian MF, Shaffee SNA, Nik Mohamed Daud NMR, Myo Thant MM, Mahat MM. Highly Durable Antibacterial Textiles: Cross-Linked Protonated Polyaniline-Polyacrylic Acid with Prolonged Electrical Stability. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:23303-23315. [PMID: 38854582 PMCID: PMC11154899 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
This study addressed the limited antibacterial durability of textile materials, which has suppressed their applications in preventing infectious disease transmission. A class of highly durable antibacterial textiles was developed by incorporating protonated polyaniline (PANI) textile with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as the functional binder via cross-linking polymerization. The resulting PAA-PANI textile exhibits exceptional electrical conductivity, reaching 8.33 ± 0.04 × 10-3 S/cm when cross-linked with 30% PAA. Remarkably, this textile maintains its electrical stability at 10-3 S/cm even after 50 washing cycles, demonstrating unparalleled durability. Furthermore, the PANI-PAA textile showcases remarkable antibacterial efficacy, with 95.48% efficiency against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 92.35% efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, even after 50 washing cycles. Comparatively, the PAA-PANI textile outperforms its PANI counterpart by achieving an astounding 80% scavenging activity rate, whereas the latter only displayed a rate of 3.22%. This result suggests a solid integration of PAA-PANI into the textile, leading to sustainable antioxidant release. The successful cross-linking of PAA-PANI in textiles holds significant implications for various industries, offering a foundation for the development of wearable textiles with unprecedented antibacterial durability and electrical stability. This breakthrough opens new avenues for combating infectious diseases and enhancing the performance of wearable technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faiz Aizamddin
- Group
Research and Technology, PETRONAS Research
Sdn. Bhd., Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Selangor, Malaysia
- School
of Physics and Material Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia
| | - Zaidah Zainal Ariffin
- School
of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah
Alam 40450, Malaysia
| | - Nur Asyura Nor Amdan
- Bacteriology
Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azizi Nawawi
- School
of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor 40450, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aimi Jani
- School
of Physics and Material Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia
| | - Muhd Fauzi Safian
- School
of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor 40450, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nur Amira Shaffee
- Group
Research and Technology, PETRONAS Research
Sdn. Bhd., Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Maung Maung Myo Thant
- Group
Research and Technology, PETRONAS Research
Sdn. Bhd., Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Muzamir Mahat
- School
of Physics and Material Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia
- Textile Research
Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti
Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia
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Pan Y, Zhang J, Guo X, Li Y, Li L, Pan L. Recent Advances in Conductive Polymers-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Biomedical and Environmental Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1597. [PMID: 38891543 PMCID: PMC11174834 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors play a pivotal role in various fields, such as biomedicine and environmental detection, due to their exceptional sensitivity, selectivity, stability, rapid response time, user-friendly operation, and ease of miniaturization and integration. In addition to the research conducted in the application field, significant focus is placed on the selection and optimization of electrode interface materials for electrochemical sensors. The detection performance of these sensors can be significantly enhanced by modifying the interface of either inorganic metal electrodes or printed electrodes. Among numerous available modification materials, conductive polymers (CPs) possess not only excellent conductivity exhibited by inorganic conductors but also unique three-dimensional structural characteristics inherent to polymers. This distinctive combination allows CPs to increase active sites during the detection process while providing channels for rapid ion transmission and facilitating efficient electron transfer during reaction processes. This review article primarily highlights recent research progress concerning CPs as an ideal choice for modifying electrochemical sensors owing to their remarkable features that make them well-suited for biomedical and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youheng Pan
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yarou Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lijia Pan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Huang H, Cong HT, Lin Z, Liao L, Shuai CX, Qu N, Luo Y, Guo S, Xu QC, Bai H, Jiang Y. Manipulation of Conducting Polymer Hydrogels with Different Shapes and Related Multifunctionality. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309575. [PMID: 38279627 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Maneuver of conducting polymers (CPs) into lightweight hydrogels can improve their functional performances in energy devices, chemical sensing, pollutant removal, drug delivery, etc. Current approaches for the manipulation of CP hydrogels are limited, and they are mostly accompanied by harsh conditions, tedious processing, compositing with other constituents, or using unusual chemicals. Herein, a two-step route is introduced for the controllable fabrication of CP hydrogels in ambient conditions, where gelation of the shape-anisotropic nano-oxidants followed by in-situ oxidative polymerization leads to the formation of polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole hydrogels. The method is readily coupled with different approaches for materials processing of PANI hydrogels into varied shapes, including spherical beads, continuous wires, patterned films, and free-standing objects. In comparison with their bulky counterparts, lightweight PANI items exhibit improved properties when those with specific shapes are used as electrodes for supercapacitors, gas sensors, or dye adsorbents. The current study therefore provides a general and controllable approach for the implementation of CP into hydrogels of varied external shapes, which can pave the way for the integration of lightweight CP structures with emerging functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- College of Materials, College of Physical Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramic Fibers, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Tao Cong
- College of Materials, College of Physical Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramic Fibers, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Zewen Lin
- College of Materials, College of Physical Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramic Fibers, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Longhui Liao
- College of Materials, College of Physical Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramic Fibers, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Xi Shuai
- College of Materials, College of Physical Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramic Fibers, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Nuo Qu
- College of Materials, College of Physical Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramic Fibers, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yujiao Luo
- College of Materials, College of Physical Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramic Fibers, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Shengshi Guo
- College of Materials, College of Physical Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramic Fibers, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Chi Xu
- College of Materials, College of Physical Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramic Fibers, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hua Bai
- College of Materials, College of Physical Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramic Fibers, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- College of Materials, College of Physical Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramic Fibers, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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11
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Nasser RA, Arya SS, Alshehhi KH, Teo JCM, Pitsalidis C. Conducting polymer scaffolds: a new frontier in bioelectronics and bioengineering. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:760-779. [PMID: 38184439 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Conducting polymer (CP) scaffolds have emerged as a transformative tool in bioelectronics and bioengineering, advancing the ability to interface with biological systems. Their unique combination of electrical conductivity, tailorability, and biocompatibility surpasses the capabilities of traditional nonconducting scaffolds while granting them access to the realm of bioelectronics. This review examines recent developments in CP scaffolds, focusing on material and device advancements, as well as their interplay with biological systems. We highlight applications for monitoring, tissue stimulation, and drug delivery and discuss perspectives and challenges currently faced for their ultimate translation and clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A Nasser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Sagar S Arya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Khulood H Alshehhi
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Jeremy C M Teo
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Department, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Charalampos Pitsalidis
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE; Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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12
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Menandro AS, Péres LO, Bohne C. Solubilization and Photostabilization in a Sodium Deoxycholate Hydrogel of a Neutral Conjugated Thiophene Oligomer and Polymer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:11215-11227. [PMID: 38748867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Oligo(3-hexylthiophene-co-1,4-phenylene) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) were solubilized in sodium deoxycholate self-assemblies in water solutions and hydrogels, with the goal of solubilizing sufficient material in a hydrogel for fluorescence applications. The neutral conjugated oligomer and polymer were incorporated as monomers into the self-assemblies with sodium deoxycholate aggregates, leading to the photoprotection of these neutral conjugated and water-insoluble molecules. Dynamic light scattering, rheology, and fluorescence experiments established that the deoxycholate aggregation and gel formation properties were not altered with the incorporation of the oligomer or polymer into the deoxycholate self-assemblies, showing that this adaptable host system with some molecular recognition elements is a viable strategy to incorporate into hydrogels neutral conjugated molecules as isolated monomers. This strategy has the potential to be used when conjugated molecules are used for fluorescence applications in hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra S Menandro
- Laboratory of Hybrid Materials, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP 09913-030, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Laura O Péres
- Laboratory of Hybrid Materials, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Cornelia Bohne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
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13
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Mahmood J, Arsalani N, Naghash-Hamed S, Hanif Z, Geckeler KE. Preparation and characterization of hybrid polypyrrole nanoparticles as a conducting polymer with controllable size. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11653. [PMID: 38773190 PMCID: PMC11109234 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hybrid polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles were prepared using a low-temperature oxidative polymerization process in an acidic solution with polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a template and amine source. The results showed that the nanoparticles have an amorphous structure in the X-ray diffractogram and exhibited good dispersibility in water, uniform size, and a specific conductivity ranging from 0.1 to 6.9 S/cm. The particle size could be tuned from 85 to 300 nm by varying the reactant concentration. Undoping the samples with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution altered the optical absorption properties and surface roughness of the particles. However, it did not affect the particle size. The nanoparticles also exhibited optical sensing properties based on their UV-vis absorption changes with the pH. Moreover, nanoparticles could have potential applications in gene delivery and bio-adsorption for contaminant removal. This work demonstrates a simple and effective method for preparing hybrid polypyrrole nanoparticles with controllable size, dispersibility, and conductivity for various nanotechnology, biotechnology, and environmental engineering purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeed Mahmood
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Arsalani
- Research Laboratory of Polymer, Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Samin Naghash-Hamed
- Research Laboratory of Polymer, Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahid Hanif
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education (KOREATECH), Cheonan, Chungnam, 31253, South Korea
- Advanced Technology Research Centre, Korea University of Technology and Education, P.O. Box 31253, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kurt E Geckeler
- Department of Nanobio Materials and Electronics, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 500712, South Korea.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 500712, South Korea.
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14
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Kumari J, Paul O, Verdellen L, Berking B, Chen W, Gerrits L, Postma J, Wagener FADTG, Kouwer PHJ. Conductive Polyisocyanide Hydrogels Inhibit Fibrosis and Promote Myogenesis. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3258-3270. [PMID: 38593039 PMCID: PMC11110048 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Reliable in vitro models closely resembling native tissue are urgently needed for disease modeling and drug screening applications. Recently, conductive biomaterials have received increasing attention in the development of in vitro models as they permit exogenous electrical signals to guide cells toward a desired cellular response. Interestingly, they have demonstrated that they promote cellular proliferation and adhesion even without external electrical stimulation. This paper describes the development of a conductive, fully synthetic hydrogel based on hybrids of the peptide-modified polyisocyanide (PIC-RGD) and the relatively conductive poly(aniline-co-N-(4-sulfophenyl)aniline) (PASA) and its suitability as the in vitro matrix. We demonstrate that incorporating PASA enhances the PIC-RGD hydrogel's electroactive nature without significantly altering the fibrous architecture and nonlinear mechanics of the PIC-RGD network. The biocompatibility of our model was assessed through phenotyping cultured human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) and murine C2C12 myoblasts. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that PIC-PASA hydrogels inhibit the fibrotic behavior of HFFs while promoting myogenesis in C2C12 cells without electrical stimulation. The composite PIC-PASA hydrogel can actively change the cell fate of different cell types, providing an attractive tool to improve skin and muscle repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Kumari
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department
of Dentistry—Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Odile Paul
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Verdellen
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bela Berking
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wen Chen
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Gerrits
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Postma
- Department
of General Instrumentation, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A. D. T. G. Wagener
- Department
of Dentistry—Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H. J. Kouwer
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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15
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Nnadiekwe CC, Sajid H, Abdulazeez I, Al-Saadi AA. Anodic voltage performance of conducting polymer-functionalized boron nitride nanosheets: a DFT assessment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:13955-13964. [PMID: 38668770 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06074h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
The search for low-diffusion barriers and high-capacity anode materials is considered a key step in boosting the efficiency of metal-ion batteries. Herein, we investigate the impact of a series of conducting polymers (CPs), namely, polyacetylene (PA), polypyrrole (PP), poly-p-phenylene (PPPh), and polythiophene (PT), on enhancing the material design and anodic performance of boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS)-based Li-ion and Na-ion batteries. For this purpose, first principle DFT simulations, utilizing both clustered and periodic models, are systematically performed to assess the stability of such nanostructures and their electronic behavior as potential anodic materials. It is revealed that frontier molecular orbitals calculated for BNNSs are stabilized upon association with the series of CPs, resulting in a reduction in the energy gaps of CP-BNNSs by nearly 50%, which in turn improves the charge transfer properties and cell reaction kinetics. A remarkable improvement in the cell voltage is predicted for PP and PT functionalized BNNSs, reaching approximately 3.5 V for Li+ and 3.0 V for Na+ ions. The outcome of the study emphasizes the influence of the size of metal ions, whether mono- or di-valent, and the nature of adsorbed conducting polymers. Manipulating the electronic features of boron nitride nanostructured surfaces through non-covalent functionalization with conducting polymers could pave the way for the design of highly efficient energy storage anodic CP-BNNS-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidera C Nnadiekwe
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hasnain Sajid
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Ismail Abdulazeez
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Saadi
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Luo S, Lian E, He J, deMello JC. Flexible Transparent Electrodes Formed from Template-Patterned Thin-Film Silver. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2300058. [PMID: 37229613 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Template-patterned, flexible transparent electrodes (TEs) formed from an ultrathin silver film on top of a commercial optical adhesive - Norland Optical Adhesive 63 (NOA63) - are reported. NOA63 is shown to be an effective base-layer for ultrathin silver films that advantageously prevents coalescence of vapor-deposited silver atoms into large, isolated islands (Volmer-Weber growth), and so aids the formation of ultrasmooth continuous films. 12 nm silver films on top of free-standing NOA63 combine high, haze-free visible-light transparency (T ≈ 60% at 550 nm) with low sheet-resistance (R s ${\mathcal{R}}_s$ ≈ 16 Ω sq-1), and exhibit excellent resilience to bending, making them attractive candidates for flexible TEs. Etching the NOA63 base-layer with an oxygen plasma before silver deposition causes the silver to laterally segregate into isolated pillars, resulting in a much higher sheet resistance (R s ${\mathcal{R}}_{s}$ > 8 × 106 Ω sq-1) than silver grown on pristine NOA63 . Hence, by selectively etching NOA63 before metal deposition, insulating regions may be defined within an otherwise conducting silver film, resulting in a differentially conductive film that can serve as a patterned TE for flexible devices. Transmittance may be increased (to 79% at 550 nm) by depositing an antireflective layer of Al2O3 on the Ag layer at the cost of reduced flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihai Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Enkui Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Jiali He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - John C deMello
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway
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17
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Liu Z, Lai J, Kong D, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Dai J, Zhang M. Advances in electroactive bioscaffolds for repairing spinal cord injury. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:032005. [PMID: 38636508 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad4079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological disorder, leading to loss of motor or somatosensory function, which is the most challenging worldwide medical problem. Re-establishment of intact neural circuits is the basis of spinal cord regeneration. Considering the crucial role of electrical signals in the nervous system, electroactive bioscaffolds have been widely developed for SCI repair. They can produce conductive pathways and a pro-regenerative microenvironment at the lesion site similar to that of the natural spinal cord, leading to neuronal regeneration and axonal growth, and functionally reactivating the damaged neural circuits. In this review, we first demonstrate the pathophysiological characteristics induced by SCI. Then, the crucial role of electrical signals in SCI repair is introduced. Based on a comprehensive analysis of these characteristics, recent advances in the electroactive bioscaffolds for SCI repair are summarized, focusing on both the conductive bioscaffolds and piezoelectric bioscaffolds, used independently or in combination with external electronic stimulation. Finally, thoughts on challenges and opportunities that may shape the future of bioscaffolds in SCI repair are concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqi Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Lai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexin Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiakang Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
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18
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Abdel Aziz I, Gladisch J, Musumeci C, Moser M, Griggs S, Kousseff CJ, Berggren M, McCulloch I, Stavrinidou E. Electrochemical modulation of mechanical properties of glycolated polythiophenes. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:2021-2031. [PMID: 38372393 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01827j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical doping of organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors is key for modulating their conductivity, charge storage and volume enabling high performing bioelectronic devices such as recording and stimulating electrodes, transistors-based sensors and actuators. However, electrochemical doping has not been explored to the same extent for modulating the mechanical properties of OMIECs on demand. Here, we report a qualitative and quantitative study on how the mechanical properties of a glycolated polythiophene, p(g3T2), change in situ during electrochemical doping and de-doping. The Young's modulus of p(g3T2) changes from 69 MPa in the dry state to less than 10 MPa in the hydrated state and then further decreases down to 0.4 MPa when electrochemically doped. With electrochemical doping-dedoping the Young's modulus of p(g3T2) changes by more than one order of magnitude reversibly, representing the largest modulation reported for an OMIEC. Furthermore, we show that the electrolyte concentration affects the magnitude of the change, demonstrating that in less concentrated electrolytes more water is driven into the film due to osmosis and therefore the film becomes softer. Finally, we find that the oligo ethylene glycol side chain functionality, specifically the length and asymmetry, affects the extent of modulation. Our findings show that glycolated polythiophenes are promising materials for mechanical actuators with a tunable modulus similar to the range of biological tissues, thus opening a pathway for new mechanostimulation devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Abdel Aziz
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping 601 74, Sweden.
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa 20018, Spain
| | - Johannes Gladisch
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping 601 74, Sweden.
| | - Chiara Musumeci
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping 601 74, Sweden.
| | | | - Sophie Griggs
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping 601 74, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping 601 74, Sweden
| | | | - Eleni Stavrinidou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping 601 74, Sweden.
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19
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Khanwalker M, Hatada M, LaBelle JT, Sode K. Development of an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy immunosensor for insulin monitoring employing pyrroloquinoline quinone as an ingestible redox probe. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 250:116049. [PMID: 38290381 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Contemporary electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)-based biosensors face limitations in their applicability for in vivo measurements, primarily due to the necessity of using a redox probe capable of undergoing oxidation and reduction reactions in solution. Although previous investigations have demonstrated the effectiveness of EIS-based biosensors in detecting various target analytes using potassium ferricyanide as a redox probe, its unsuitability for blood or serum measurements, attributed to its inherent toxicity, poses a significant challenge. In response to this challenge, our study adopted a unique approach, focusing on the use of ingestible materials, by exploring naturally occurring substances within the body, with a specific emphasis on pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ). Following an assessment of PQQ's electrochemical attributes, we conducted a comprehensive series of EIS measurements. This involved the thorough characterization of the sensor's evolution, starting from the bare electrode and progressing to the immobilization of antibodies. The sensor's performance was then evaluated through the quantification of insulin concentrations ranging from 1 pM to 100 nM. A single frequency was identified for insulin measurements, offering a pathway for potential in vivo applications by combining PQQ as a redox probe with EIS measurements. This innovative approach holds promise for advancing the field of in vivo biosensing based on the EIS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund Khanwalker
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA
| | - Mika Hatada
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA
| | - Jeffery T LaBelle
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering Science and Technology, Grand Canyon University, Phoenix, AZ, AZ85017, USA
| | - Koji Sode
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA.
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20
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Fu GE, Yang H, Zhao W, Samorì P, Zhang T. 2D Conjugated Polymer Thin Films for Organic Electronics: Opportunities and Challenges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2311541. [PMID: 38551322 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
2D conjugated polymers (2DCPs) possess extended in-plane π-conjugated lattice and out-of-plane π-π stacking, which results in enhanced electronic performance and potentially unique band structures. These properties, along with predesignability, well-defined channels, easy postmodification, and order structure attract extensive attention from material science to organic electronics. In this review, the recent advance in the interfacial synthesis and conductivity tuning strategies of 2DCP thin films, as well as their application in organic electronics is summarized. Furthermore, it is shown that, by combining topology structure design and targeted conductivity adjustment, researchers have fabricated 2DCP thin films with predesigned active groups, highly ordered structures, and enhanced conductivity. These films exhibit great potential for various thin-film organic electronics, such as organic transistors, memristors, electrochromism, chemiresistors, and photodetectors. Finally, the future research directions and perspectives of 2DCPs are discussed in terms of the interfacial synthetic design and structure engineering for the fabrication of fully conjugated 2DCP thin films, as well as the functional manipulation of conductivity to advance their applications in future organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-En Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Haoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Wenkai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
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21
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Krawczyk S, Golba S, Neves C, Tedim J. Chlorpromazine-Polypyrrole Drug Delivery System Tailored for Neurological Application. Molecules 2024; 29:1531. [PMID: 38611809 PMCID: PMC11013625 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, drug delivery systems (DDSs) are gaining more and more attention. Conducting polymers (CPs) are efficiently used for DDS construction as such systems can be used in therapy. In this research, a well-known CP, polypyrrole (PPy), was synthesized in the presence of the polysaccharide heparin (HEP) and chlorpromazine (CPZ) using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as electrolyte on a steel substrate. The obtained results demonstrate the successful incorporation of CPZ and HEP into the polymer matrix, with the deposited films maintaining stable electrochemical parameters across multiple doping/dedoping cycles. Surface roughness, estimated via AFM analysis, revealed a correlation with layer thickness-decreasing for thinner layers and increasing for thicker ones. Moreover, SEM images revealed a change in the morphology of PPy films when PPy is electropolymerized in the presence of CPZ and HEP, while FTIR confirmed the presence of CPZ and HEP within PPy. Due to its lower molecular mass compared to HEP, CPZ was readily integrated into the thin polymer matrix during deposition, with diffusion being unimpeded, as opposed to films with greater thickness. Finally, the resulting system exhibited the ability to release CPZ, enabling a dosing range of 10 mg to 20 mg per day, effectively covering the therapeutic concentration range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Krawczyk
- Department of Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, Doctoral School, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Sylwia Golba
- Department of Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, Bankowa 14, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Cristina Neves
- Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, Centre for Research in Ceramics and Composite Materials (CICECO), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.N.); (J.T.)
| | - João Tedim
- Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, Centre for Research in Ceramics and Composite Materials (CICECO), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.N.); (J.T.)
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22
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Dang NTT, Le TQ, Duc Cuong N, Linh NLM, Le LS, Tran TD, Nguyen HP. Polythiophene-wrapped Chitosan Nanofibrils with a Bouligand Structure toward Electrochemical Macroscopic Membranes. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13680-13691. [PMID: 38559940 PMCID: PMC10976385 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Exploring structural biomimicry is a great opportunity to replicate hierarchical frameworks inspired by nature in advanced functional materials for boosting new applications. In this work, we present the biomimetic integration of polythiophene into chitosan nanofibrils in a twisted Bouligand structure to afford free-standing macroscopic composite membranes with electrochemical functionality. By considering the integrity of the Bouligand structure in crab shells, we can produce large, free-standing chitosan nanofibril membranes with iridescent colors and flexible toughness. These unique structured features lead the chitosan membranes to host functional additives to mimic hierarchically layered composites. We used the iridescent chitosan nanofibrils as a photonic platform to investigate the host-guest combination between thiophene and chitosan through oxidative polymerization to fabricate homogeneous polythiophene-wrapped chitosan composites. This biomimetic incorporation fully retains the twisted Bouligand organization of nanofibrils in the polymerized assemblies, thus giving rise to free-standing macroscopic electrochemical membranes. Our further experiments are the modification of the biomimetic polythiophene-wrapped chitosan composites on a glassy carbon electrode to design a three-electrode system for simultaneous electrochemical detection of uric acid, xanthine, hypoxanthine, and caffeine at trace concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhan Thi Thanh Dang
- Department
of Chemistry, Hue University of Education, Hue University, 34 Le Loi, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Thang Quoc Le
- Department
of Chemistry, Hue University of Education, Hue University, 34 Le Loi, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Duc Cuong
- Department
of Chemistry, Hue University of Education, Hue University, 34 Le Loi, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Le My Linh
- Department
of Chemistry, Hue University of Education, Hue University, 34 Le Loi, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Lam Son Le
- Department
of Chemistry, Hue University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen
Hue, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Tien Dong Tran
- Department
of Chemistry, Hue University of Education, Hue University, 34 Le Loi, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Hai Phong Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, Hue University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen
Hue, Hue 530000, Vietnam
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23
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Ohta M, Okuda A, Hosoya S, Yoshigoe Y, Saito S. Synthesis of Interlocked and Non-Interlocked Deca(para-phenylene) Derivatives by Ni-mediated Biaryl Coupling. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304309. [PMID: 38199956 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Oligo(para-phenylene) (PPn) is a compound composed of directly connected 1,4-phenylene moieties. The synthesis of PPn composed of six or more phenylene moieties with no substituent at the internal phenylene moiety has been challenging because of its low solubility. Herein we synthesized oligo(para-phenylene)[2]rotaxanes, including a deca(para-phenylene)[2]rotaxane, with a defined number of phenylene moieties. Biaryl coupling of iodoarenes mediated by macrocyclic dibenzodihydrophenanthroline-Ni complex was utilized for the first time to synthesize the [2]rotaxanes. Compared to the non-interlocked deca(para-phenylene), the deca(para-phenylene)[2]rotaxane showed higher solubility. The properties of the oligo(para-phenylene)[2]rotaxanes and non-interlocked oligo(para-phenylene)s were analyzed by spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misuzu Ohta
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayano Okuda
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichi Hosoya
- Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshigoe
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Pandya N, Sharma C, Desai G, Agrawal Y. Studies of thermoluminescence properties of liquid crystalline N-phenyl substituted phenyl polysiloxane hydroxamic acids. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4723. [PMID: 38516725 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The investigation of thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves in liquid crystalline side chain N-phenyl-substituted phenyl polysiloxane hydroxamic acids (PHAs) has yielded significant insights. These polymers demonstrated TL behavior when exposed to β-radiation between 0 and 220°C, indicating inherent luminescent properties when irradiated. Notably, a dose-dependent relationship was observed in reported derivatized polymers; this study elucidates the diverse TL characteristics exhibited by various liquid crystalline side chain N-phenyl-substituted phenyl PHAs when exposed to β-radiation. Understanding these dose-dependent and dose-independent behaviors enhances the knowledge of their luminescent properties and potential applications in radiation detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirav Pandya
- Department of Physics, LJ School of Applied Sciences, Lok Jagruti Kendra University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Chandramauly Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, LJ School of Applied Sciences, Lok Jagruti Kendra University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Yadvendra Agrawal
- Centre of Excellence in Macromolecules and Nanotechnology, Lok Jagruti Kendra University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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25
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Wachholz Junior D, Hryniewicz BM, Tatsuo Kubota L. Advanced Hybrid materials in electrochemical sensors: Combining MOFs and conducting polymers for environmental monitoring. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141479. [PMID: 38367874 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The integration of conducting polymers (CPs) with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has arisen as a dynamic and innovative approach to overcome some intrinsic limitations of both materials, representing a transformative method to address the pressing need for high-performance environmental monitoring tools. MOFs, with their intricate structures and versatile functional groups, provide tuneable porosity and an extensive surface area, facilitating the selective adsorption of target analytes. Conversely, CPs, characterized by their exceptional electrical conductivity and redox properties, serve as proficient signal transducers. By combining these two materials, a novel class of hybrid materials emerges, capitalizing on the unique attributes of both components. These MOF/CP hybrids exhibit heightened sensitivity, selectivity, and adaptability, making them primordial in detecting and quantifying environmental contaminants. This review examines the synergy between MOFs and CPs, highlighting recent advancements, challenges, and prospects, thus offering a promising solution for developing advanced functional materials with tailored properties and multifunctionality to be applied in electrochemical sensors for environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagwin Wachholz Junior
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytic, Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Bruna M Hryniewicz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytic, Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Lauro Tatsuo Kubota
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytic, Campinas, Brazil.
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26
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Sacchi M, Sauter-Starace F, Mailley P, Texier I. Resorbable conductive materials for optimally interfacing medical devices with the living. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1294238. [PMID: 38449676 PMCID: PMC10916519 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1294238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Implantable and wearable bioelectronic systems are arising growing interest in the medical field. Linking the microelectronic (electronic conductivity) and biological (ionic conductivity) worlds, the biocompatible conductive materials at the electrode/tissue interface are key components in these systems. We herein focus more particularly on resorbable bioelectronic systems, which can safely degrade in the biological environment once they have completed their purpose, namely, stimulating or sensing biological activity in the tissues. Resorbable conductive materials are also explored in the fields of tissue engineering and 3D cell culture. After a short description of polymer-based substrates and scaffolds, and resorbable electrical conductors, we review how they can be combined to design resorbable conductive materials. Although these materials are still emerging, various medical and biomedical applications are already taking shape that can profoundly modify post-operative and wound healing follow-up. Future challenges and perspectives in the field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sacchi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTIS (Département des Technologies pour l’Innovation en Santé), Grenoble, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, JACOB-SEPIA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fabien Sauter-Starace
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTIS (Département des Technologies pour l’Innovation en Santé), Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Mailley
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTIS (Département des Technologies pour l’Innovation en Santé), Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Texier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTIS (Département des Technologies pour l’Innovation en Santé), Grenoble, France
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27
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Sau S, Kundu S. Fabrication of highly stretchable salt and solvent blended PEDOT:PSS/PVA free-standing films: non-linear to linear electrical conduction response. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5193-5206. [PMID: 38332796 PMCID: PMC10851924 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08260a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, ductile and conducting polymeric materials are highly utilizable in the realm of stretchable organic electronics. Here, mechanically ductile and electrically conducting free-standing films are fabricated by blending different solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), diethylene glycol (DEG) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and salts such as silver nitrate (AgNO3), zinc chloride (ZnCl2), copper chloride (CuCl2) and indium chloride (InCl3) with the homogeneous solution of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) through solution casting method. The presence of salt modifies the PEDOT conformation from benzoid to quinoid, and induces the evolution of different morphologies. ZnCl2 or AgNO3 blended films have lower surface roughness and good miscibility with polymers, while CuCl2 or InCl3 blended films have relatively higher surface roughness as well as irregularly distributed surface morphology. Some crystalline domains are also formed due to the salt agglomeration. The presence of salt inside PEDOT:PSS/PVA/solvent system changes the current-voltage response from non-linear to linear. Among all the films, zinc salt blended PEDOT:PSS/PVA/DMSO, PEDOT:PSS/PVA/DEG and PEDOT:PSS/PVA/DMF films have higher conductivity, and zinc salt blended PEDOT:PSS/PVA/DEG film shows the highest conductivity of 0.041 ± 0.0014 S cm-1, while silver salt blended PEDOT:PSS/PVA/DMSO, PEDOT:PSS/PVA/DEG and PEDOT:PSS/PVA/DMF films have higher elongation at break, and silver salt blended PEDOT:PSS/PVA/DMSO film shows the highest elongation at break of 670 ± 31%. Both the charge carriers, i.e., electrons and ions, contribute to the electrical conduction, and the presence of hydrogen bonds and ionic interactions among PEDOT+, PSS-, PVA, residual solvent, salt cations and anions modifies the film behaviours. Among all the films, ZnCl2 blended PEDOT:PSS/PVA/DMSO film offers relatively superior behaviours having higher conductivity (0.025 ± 0.0013 S cm-1) and elongation at break (517 ± 15%), and therefore can have potential applications in the fields of wearable devices, bioelectronics, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Sau
- Soft Nano Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk Guwahati Assam 781035 India
| | - Sarathi Kundu
- Soft Nano Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk Guwahati Assam 781035 India
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28
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Ali I, Islam MR, Yin J, Eichhorn SJ, Chen J, Karim N, Afroj S. Advances in Smart Photovoltaic Textiles. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3871-3915. [PMID: 38261716 PMCID: PMC10851667 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Energy harvesting textiles have emerged as a promising solution to sustainably power wearable electronics. Textile-based solar cells (SCs) interconnected with on-body electronics have emerged to meet such needs. These technologies are lightweight, flexible, and easy to transport while leveraging the abundant natural sunlight in an eco-friendly way. In this Review, we comprehensively explore the working mechanisms, diverse types, and advanced fabrication strategies of photovoltaic textiles. Furthermore, we provide a detailed analysis of the recent progress made in various types of photovoltaic textiles, emphasizing their electrochemical performance. The focal point of this review centers on smart photovoltaic textiles for wearable electronic applications. Finally, we offer insights and perspectives on potential solutions to overcome the existing limitations of textile-based photovoltaics to promote their industrial commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Ali
- Centre
for Print Research (CFPR), The University
of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K.
| | - Md Rashedul Islam
- Centre
for Print Research (CFPR), The University
of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K.
| | - Junyi Yin
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Stephen J. Eichhorn
- Bristol
Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace, and Design Engineering, The University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, U.K.
| | - Jun Chen
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Nazmul Karim
- Centre
for Print Research (CFPR), The University
of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K.
- Nottingham
School of Art and Design, Nottingham Trent
University, Shakespeare Street, Nottingham NG1 4GG, U.K.
| | - Shaila Afroj
- Centre
for Print Research (CFPR), The University
of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K.
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29
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Liang X, Zhang X, Hu Z, Sun Q, Liu M, Gu P, Yang X, Huang J, Zu G. Broad-Range-Response Battery-Type All-in-one Self-Powered Stretchable Pressure-Sensitive Electronic Skin. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305925. [PMID: 37821402 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Highly sensitive self-powered stretchable electronic skins with the capability of detecting broad-range dynamic and static pressures are urgently needed with the increasing demands for miniaturized wearable electronics, robots, artificial intelligence, etc. However, it remains a great challenge to achieve this kind of electronic skins. Here, unprecedented battery-type all-in-one self-powered stretchable electronic skins with a novel structure composed of pressure-sensitive elastic vanadium pentoxide (V2 O5 ) nanowire-based porous cathode, elastic porous polyurethane /carbon nanotube/polypyrrole anode, and polyacrylamide ionic gel electrolyte are reported. A new battery-type self-powered pressure sensing mechanism involving the output current variation caused by the resistance variation of the electrodes and electrolytes under external pressure is revealed. The battery-type self-powered electronic skins combining high sensitivity, broad response range (1.8 Pa-1.5 MPa), high fatigue resistance, and excellent stability against stretching (50% tensile strain) are achieved for the first time. This work provides a new and versatile battery-type sensing strategy for the design of next-generation all-in-one self-powered miniaturized sensors and electronic skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Hu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Qi Sun
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Muxiang Liu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Puzhong Gu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Jia Huang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Zu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
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30
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Uzieliene I, Popov A, Vaiciuleviciute R, Kirdaite G, Bernotiene E, Ramanaviciene A. Polypyrrole-based structures for activation of cellular functions under electrical stimulation. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 155:108585. [PMID: 37847982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Polypyrrole (Ppy) is an electroconductive polymer used in various applications, including in vitro experiments with cell cultures under electrical stimulation (ES). Ppy can be applied in various forms and most importantly, it is biocompatible with cells. Ppy specifically directs ES to cells, which makes Ppy a potential polymer for the development of novel technologies for targeted tissue regeneration. The high potential of ES in combination with different Ppy-based systems, such as hydrogels, scaffolds, or Ppy-layers is advantageous to stimulate cellular differentiation towards neurogenic, cardiac, muscle, and osteogenic lineages. Different in-house devices and the principles of ES application used to stimulate cellular functions are reviewed and summarized. The focus of this review is to observe the most relevant studies and their in-house techniques regarding the application of Ppy-based materials for the use of bone, neural, cardiac, and muscle tissue regeneration under ES. Different types of Ppy materials, such as Ppy particles, layers/films, membranes, and 3D-shaped synthetic and natural scaffolds, as well as combining Ppy with different active molecules are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Uzieliene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Anton Popov
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; NanoTechnas - Center on Nanotechnology and Materials Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko g. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Raminta Vaiciuleviciute
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gailute Kirdaite
- Department of Experimental, Preventive and Clinical Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eiva Bernotiene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, VilniusTech, Sauletekio al. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; NanoTechnas - Center on Nanotechnology and Materials Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko g. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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31
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Le CV, Yoon H. Advances in the Use of Conducting Polymers for Healthcare Monitoring. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1564. [PMID: 38338846 PMCID: PMC10855550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Conducting polymers (CPs) are an innovative class of materials recognized for their high flexibility and biocompatibility, making them an ideal choice for health monitoring applications that require flexibility. They are active in their design. Advances in fabrication technology allow the incorporation of CPs at various levels, by combining diverse CPs monomers with metal particles, 2D materials, carbon nanomaterials, and copolymers through the process of polymerization and mixing. This method produces materials with unique physicochemical properties and is highly customizable. In particular, the development of CPs with expanded surface area and high conductivity has significantly improved the performance of the sensors, providing high sensitivity and flexibility and expanding the range of available options. However, due to the morphological diversity of new materials and thus the variety of characteristics that can be synthesized by combining CPs and other types of functionalities, choosing the right combination for a sensor application is difficult but becomes important. This review focuses on classifying the role of CP and highlights recent advances in sensor design, especially in the field of healthcare monitoring. It also synthesizes the sensing mechanisms and evaluates the performance of CPs on electrochemical surfaces and in the sensor design. Furthermore, the applications that can be revolutionized by CPs will be discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuong Van Le
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Yoon
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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32
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Alkahtani ME, Elbadawi M, Chapman CAR, Green RA, Gaisford S, Orlu M, Basit AW. Electroactive Polymers for On-Demand Drug Release. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2301759. [PMID: 37861058 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Conductive materials have played a significant role in advancing society into the digital era. Such materials are able to harness the power of electricity and are used to control many aspects of daily life. Conductive polymers (CPs) are an emerging group of polymers that possess metal-like conductivity yet retain desirable polymeric features, such as processability, mechanical properties, and biodegradability. Upon receiving an electrical stimulus, CPs can be tailored to achieve a number of responses, such as harvesting energy and stimulating tissue growth. The recent FDA approval of a CP-based material for a medical device has invigorated their research in healthcare. In drug delivery, CPs can act as electrical switches, drug release is achieved at a flick of a switch, thereby providing unprecedented control over drug release. In this review, recent developments in CP as electroactive polymers for voltage-stimuli responsive drug delivery systems are evaluated. The review demonstrates the distinct drug release profiles achieved by electroactive formulations, and both the precision and ease of stimuli response. This level of dynamism promises to yield "smart medicines" and warrants further research. The review concludes by providing an outlook on electroactive formulations in drug delivery and highlighting their integral roles in healthcare IoT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal E Alkahtani
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moe Elbadawi
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Christopher A R Chapman
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Rylie A Green
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Simon Gaisford
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Mine Orlu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Abdul W Basit
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
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33
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Peng J, Tian T, Xu S, Hu R, Tang BZ. Base-Assisted Polymerizations of Elemental Sulfur and Alkynones for Temperature-Controlled Synthesis of Polythiophenes or Poly(1,4-dithiin)s. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:28204-28215. [PMID: 38099712 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing demand for functional polythiophenes in extensive applications such as organic solar cells, electronic skins, thermoelectric materials, and field effect transistors, efficient and economic synthetic approaches for polythiophenes are urgently required. In this work, KOH-assisted polymerizations of elemental sulfur and alkynones were developed to directly afford polythiophenes with various backbones, regioselective structures, and high molecular weights (Mns up to 20700 g/mol) in high yields (up to 97%) at 80 °C in 30 min. When the same polymerization was conducted at room temperature, stable and unique poly(1,4-dithiin)s (Mns up to 21800 g/mol) could be rapidly obtained in high yields (up to 87%) in 10 min. The temperature-controlled KOH-assisted polymerizations of sulfur and alkynones possessed high efficiency, mild conditions, and simple operation, which had provided an economic, efficient, and convenient approach for the direct conversion from elemental sulfur to functional polythiophenes and poly(1,4-dithiin)s with the in situ constructed aromatic or nonaromatic heterocycles embedded in the polymer backbones, demonstrating great synthetic simplicity, high efficiency, good selectivity, and robustness. It is anticipated to accelerate the development of semiconducting polymer materials and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuangshuang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Rongrong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
- AIE Institute, Guangzhou 510530, China
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Kurisu M, Imai M. Concepts of a synthetic minimal cell: Information molecules, metabolic pathways, and vesicle reproduction. Biophys Physicobiol 2023; 21:e210002. [PMID: 38803330 PMCID: PMC11128301 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v21.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
How do the living systems emerge from non-living molecular assemblies? What physical and chemical principles supported the process? To address these questions, a promising strategy is to artificially reconstruct living cells in a bottom-up way. Recently, the authors developed the "synthetic minimal cell" system showing recursive growth and division cycles, where the concepts of information molecules, metabolic pathways, and cell reproduction were artificially and concisely redesigned with the vesicle-based system. We intentionally avoided using the sophisticated molecular machinery of the biological cells and tried to redesign the cells in the simplest forms. This review focuses on the similarities and differences between the biological cells and our synthetic minimal cell concerning each concept of cells. Such comparisons between natural and artificial cells will provide insights on how the molecules should be assembled to create living systems to the wide readers in the field of synthetic biology, artificial cells, and protocells research. This review article is an extended version of the Japanese article "Growth and division of vesicles coupled with information molecules," published in SEIBUTSU-BUTSURI vol. 61, p. 378-381 (2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Kurisu
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masayuki Imai
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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Eftekhari BS, Song D, Janmey PA. Electrical Stimulation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Conductive Substrates Promotes Neural Priming. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300149. [PMID: 37571815 PMCID: PMC10880582 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) within a conductive scaffold is potentially beneficial in encouraging the differentiation of stem cells toward a neuronal phenotype. To improve stem cell-based regenerative therapies, it is essential to use electroconductive scaffolds with appropriate stiffnesses to regulate the amount and location of ES delivery. Herein, biodegradable electroconductive substrates with different stiffnesses are fabricated from chitosan-grafted-polyaniline (CS-g-PANI) copolymers. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) cultured on soft conductive scaffolds show a morphological change with significant filopodial elongation after electrically stimulated culture along with upregulation of neuronal markers and downregulation of glial markers. Compared to stiff conductive scaffolds and non-conductive CS scaffolds, soft conductive CS-g-PANI scaffolds promote increased expression of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and neurofilament heavy chain (NF-H) after application of ES. At the same time, there is a decrease in the expression of the glial markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin after ES. Furthermore, the elevation of intracellular calcium [Ca2+ ] during spontaneous, cell-generated Ca2+ transients further suggests that electric field stimulation of hMSCs cultured on conductive substrates can promote a neural-like phenotype. The findings suggest that the combination of the soft conductive CS-g-PANI substrate and ES is a promising new tool for enhancing neuronal tissue engineering outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dawei Song
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul A. Janmey
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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36
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Manzano VE, D'Accorso NB. From the Lab to the Field: Organic Materials for Industrial Applications and Environmental Remediation. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300412. [PMID: 37818932 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Many new developments for different industries have their origin in basic science. In recent years, this trend has gained attention due to the increasing interaction between academic science and industry. This article presents some rational materials for chemical modifications that were developed by the basic science, then transferred to the productive sector. Conducting hydrophobic coatings for aerospace applications, hydrogels for the oil and gas industry, as well as polymers for removal of heavy metal, were some of the topics approached in the lab to solve industrial problems. Many times, nature is a great source of inspiration to produce new materials. In this sense, superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity (concepts closely related to our everyday life) were the bioinspiration for the development of membranes. These membranes were able to separate hydrocarbons and water, which found application in the treatment of subterranean water for the oil and gas industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica E Manzano
- Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires., Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norma B D'Accorso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Banjar MF, Joynal Abedin FN, Fizal ANS, Muhamad Sarih N, Hossain MS, Osman H, Khalil NA, Ahmad Yahaya AN, Zulkifli M. Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Nanosized Polyaniline. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4565. [PMID: 38232004 PMCID: PMC10708272 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyaniline (PANI) is a conductive polymer easily converted into a conducting state. However, its limited mechanical properties have generated interest in fabricating PANI composites with other polymeric materials. In this study, a PANI-prevulcanized latex composite film was synthesized and fabricated in two phases following chronological steps. The first phase determined the following optimum parameters for synthesizing nanosized PANI, which were as follows: an initial molar ratio of 1, a stirring speed of 600 rpm, a synthesis temperature of 25 °C, purification via filtration, and washing using dopant acid, acetone, and distilled water. The use of a nonionic surfactant, Triton X-100, at 0.1% concentration favored PANI formation in a smaller particle size of approximately 600 nm and good dispersibility over seven days of observation compared to the use of anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) showed that the PANI synthesized using a surfactant was in the emeraldine base form, as the washing process tends to decrease the doping level in the PANI backbone. Our scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the optimized synthesis parameters produced colloidal PANI with an average particle size of 695 nm. This higher aspect ratio explained the higher conductivity of nanosized PANI compared to micron-sized PANI. Following the chronological steps to determine the optimal parameters produced a nanosized PANI powder. The nanosized PANI had higher conductivity than the micron-sized PANI because of its higher aspect ratio. When PANI is synthesized in smaller particle sizes, it has higher conductivity. Atomic force microscopy analysis showed that the current flow is higher across a 5 µm2 scanned area of nanosized PANI because it has a larger surface area. Thus, more sites for the current to flow through were present on the nanosized PANI particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Faizar Banjar
- Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), Alor Gajah 78000, Melaka, Malaysia; (M.F.B.); (F.N.J.A.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Fatin Najwa Joynal Abedin
- Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), Alor Gajah 78000, Melaka, Malaysia; (M.F.B.); (F.N.J.A.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Ahmad Noor Syimir Fizal
- Centre for Sustainability of Ecosystem & Earth Resources (Pusat ALAM), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia;
| | | | - Md. Sohrab Hossain
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP), Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia;
| | - Hakimah Osman
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia;
| | - Nor Afifah Khalil
- Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), Alor Gajah 78000, Melaka, Malaysia; (M.F.B.); (F.N.J.A.); (N.A.K.)
- Polymer Science Program, Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai 90110, Songkla, Thailand
| | - Ahmad Naim Ahmad Yahaya
- Green Chemistry and Sustainability Cluster, Branch Campus, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bio-Engineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), Taboh Naning, Alor Gajah 78000, Melaka, Malaysia;
| | - Muzafar Zulkifli
- Green Chemistry and Sustainability Cluster, Branch Campus, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bio-Engineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), Taboh Naning, Alor Gajah 78000, Melaka, Malaysia;
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38
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Yi H, Patel R, Patel KD, Bouchard LS, Jha A, Perriman AW, Patel M. Conducting polymer-based scaffolds for neuronal tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:11006-11023. [PMID: 37953707 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01838e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal tissue engineering has immense potential for treating neurological disorders and facilitating nerve regeneration. Conducting polymers (CPs) have emerged as a promising class of materials owing to their unique electrical conductivity and biocompatibility. CPs, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), polypyrrole (PPy), and polyaniline (PANi), have been extensively explored for their ability to provide electrical cues to neural cells. These polymers are widely used in various forms, including porous scaffolds, hydrogels, and nanofibers, and offer an ideal platform for promoting cell adhesion, differentiation, and axonal outgrowth. CP-based scaffolds can also serve as drug delivery systems, enabling localized and controlled release of neurotrophic factors and therapeutic agents to enhance neural regeneration and repair. CP-based scaffolds have demonstrated improved neural regeneration, both in vitro and in vivo, for treating spinal cord and peripheral nerve injuries. In this review, we discuss synthesis and scaffold processing methods for CPs and their applications in neuronal tissue regeneration. We focused on a detailed literature review of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagje Yi
- Bio-Convergence (BC), Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, South Korea
| | - Rajkumar Patel
- Energy & Environmental Science and Engineering (EESE), Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsugu, Incheon, 21938, South Korea
| | - Kapil D Patel
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
- Research School of Chemistry (RSC), Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research (JCSMR), Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | | | - Amitabh Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | - Adam Willis Perriman
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
- Research School of Chemistry (RSC), Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research (JCSMR), Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Madhumita Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
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Golba S, Loskot J. The Alphabet of Nanostructured Polypyrrole. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7069. [PMID: 38004999 PMCID: PMC10672593 DOI: 10.3390/ma16227069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
This review is devoted to polypyrrole and its morphology, which governs the electroactivity of the material. The macroscopic properties of the material are strictly relevant to microscopic ordering observed at the local level. During the synthesis, various (nano)morphologies can be produced. The formation of the ordered structure is dictated by the ability of the local forces and effects to induce restraints that help shape the structure. This review covers the aspects of morphology and roughness and their impact on the final properties of the modified electrode activity in selected applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Golba
- Institute Materials Engineering, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty Street 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Jan Loskot
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
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40
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Wysocka-Zolopa M, Wojtulewski K, Basa A, Satuła DM, Markiewicz KH, Grądzka E, Winkler K. Investigation of Magnetic Electrodes in Conducting Polymeric Materials: Electrochemical Properties of a Fullerene[C 60 ]-Pd Polymer and Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanocomposite. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300387. [PMID: 37758284 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
A composite of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles and coordination fullerene polymer (C60 Pd3 )n is formed by chemical deposition of spherical polymer nanoparticles on iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles in benzene containing C60 and Pd(0) complex. The composition of the composite can be controlled by the amount of magnetite and concentration of polymerization precursors as well as the time of polymerization. The magnetic composite material Fe3 O4 -γFe2 O3 /(C60 Pd3 )n is used as a model system to investigate its deposition on a magnetic electrode and its electrochemical properties. The iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles ensure both the magnetic activity of the composite and its nanostructured morphology. Both of these factors are responsible for the enhancement of the electrochemical activity of the polymer phase forming the composite in comparison to the pure polymer material deposited on the same magnetic electrode. In the magnetic field of the electrode, the composite undergoes permanent and strong bonding with the surface of the electrode. The nanostructured morphology of the Fe3 O4 -γFe2 O3 /(C60 Pd3 )n composite also provides very good capacitive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Wysocka-Zolopa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Wojtulewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Basa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dariusz M Satuła
- Department of Physics, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1L, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Karolina H Markiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Emilia Grądzka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Winkler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
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41
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Jiang C, Li T, Huang X, Guo R. Patterned Liquid-Metal-Enabled Universal Soft Electronics (PLUS-E) for Deformation Sensing on 3D Curved Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37878994 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Liquid metals with metallic conductivity and infinitely deformable properties have tremendous potential in the field of conformal electronics. However, most processing methods of liquid metal electronics require sophisticated apparatus or custom masks, resulting in high processing costs and intricate preparation procedures. This study proposes a simple and rapid preparation method for patterned liquid-metal-enabled universal soft electronics (PLUS-E). The utilization of selective adhesion of the liquid metals on stretchable substrates and the adaptive toner mask enables rapid fabrication (<2 s/100 cm2), excellent stretchability (800% strain), and high forming accuracy (100 μm). Benefiting from the adaptive deformation of the substrate and toner mask, PLUS-E can be conformally applied to any shape of 3D surfaces. Besides, the stability of PLUS-E on 3D surfaces is improved by low-fluidity liquid metal composites. The finite element simulation is used to accurately forecast the deformation and resistance changes of the PLUS-E, and it provides guidance for device design and manufacturing. Finally, this method was utilized to develop various sensors for detecting human motion, catheter bending, and balloon expansion. All of them have obtained stable and reliable signal measurements, demonstrating the usefulness of PLUS-E in real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
- Flexible Wearable Technology Research Center, Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of Tsinghua, 906 Yatai Road, Jiaxing 314033, China
- Institute of Wearable Technology and Bioelectronics, Qiantang Science and Technology Innovation Center, 1002 23rd Street, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
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42
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Hooshmand S, Kassanos P, Keshavarz M, Duru P, Kayalan CI, Kale İ, Bayazit MK. Wearable Nano-Based Gas Sensors for Environmental Monitoring and Encountered Challenges in Optimization. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8648. [PMID: 37896744 PMCID: PMC10611361 DOI: 10.3390/s23208648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
With a rising emphasis on public safety and quality of life, there is an urgent need to ensure optimal air quality, both indoors and outdoors. Detecting toxic gaseous compounds plays a pivotal role in shaping our sustainable future. This review aims to elucidate the advancements in smart wearable (nano)sensors for monitoring harmful gaseous pollutants, such as ammonia (NH3), nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), hydrocarbons (CxHy), and hydrogen fluoride (HF). Differentiating this review from its predecessors, we shed light on the challenges faced in enhancing sensor performance and offer a deep dive into the evolution of sensing materials, wearable substrates, electrodes, and types of sensors. Noteworthy materials for robust detection systems encompass 2D nanostructures, carbon nanomaterials, conducting polymers, nanohybrids, and metal oxide semiconductors. A dedicated section dissects the significance of circuit integration, miniaturization, real-time sensing, repeatability, reusability, power efficiency, gas-sensitive material deposition, selectivity, sensitivity, stability, and response/recovery time, pinpointing gaps in the current knowledge and offering avenues for further research. To conclude, we provide insights and suggestions for the prospective trajectory of smart wearable nanosensors in addressing the extant challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hooshmand
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Panagiotis Kassanos
- The Hamlyn Centre, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Meysam Keshavarz
- The Hamlyn Centre, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Pelin Duru
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; (P.D.); (C.I.K.)
| | - Cemre Irmak Kayalan
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; (P.D.); (C.I.K.)
| | - İzzet Kale
- Applied DSP and VLSI Research Group, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK;
| | - Mustafa Kemal Bayazit
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; (P.D.); (C.I.K.)
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43
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Badi N, Roy AS, Al-Aoh HA, Motawea MS, Alghamdi SA, M Alsharari A, Albaqami AS, Ignatiev A. Enhanced and Proficient Soft Template Array of Polyaniline-TiO 2 Nanocomposites Fibers Prepared Using Anionic Surfactant for Fuel Cell Hydrogen Storage. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4186. [PMID: 37896429 PMCID: PMC10610601 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous TiO2-doped polyaniline and polyaniline nanocomposite fibers prepared by the in situ polymerization technique using anionic surfactant in an ice bath were studied. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and XRD patterns for structural analysis. The surface morphology of the polyaniline and its nanocomposites was examined using SEM images. DC conductivity shows the three levels of conductivity inherent in a semiconductor. Among the nanocomposites, the maximum DC conductivity is 5.6 S/cm for 3 wt.% polyaniline-TiO2 nanocomposite. Cyclic voltammetry shows the properties of PANI due to the redox peaks of 0.93 V and 0.24 V. Both peaks are due to the redox transition of PANI from the semiconductor to the conductive state. The hydrogen absorption capacity is approximately 4.5 wt.%, but at 60 °C the capacity doubles to approximately 7.3 wt.%. Conversely, 3 wt.% PANI-TiO2 nanocomposites have a high absorption capacity of 10.4 wt.% compared to other nanocomposites. An overall desorption capacity of 10.4 wt.% reduced to 96% was found for 3 wt.% TiO2-doped PANI nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nacer Badi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Renewable Energy and Environmental Technologies Research Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aashis S Roy
- Department of Chemistry, S.S. Tegnoor Degree College, Gubbi Colony, Kalaburagi 585105, Karnataka, India
| | - Hatem A Al-Aoh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Motawea
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Alghamdi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrhman M Alsharari
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman S Albaqami
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alex Ignatiev
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5004, USA
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44
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Nguyen KV, Lee D, Kim Y, Lee WH. Fiber-Type Transistor-Based Chemical and Physical Sensors Using Conjugated Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4062. [PMID: 37896306 PMCID: PMC10609800 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fiber-type electronics is a crucial field for realizing wearable electronic devices with a wide range of sensing applications. In this paper, we begin by discussing the fabrication of fibers from conjugated polymers. We then explore the utilization of these fibers in the development of field-effect and electrochemical transistors. Finally, we investigate the diverse applications of these fiber-type transistors, encompassing chemical and physical sensors. Our paper aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of the use of conjugated polymers in fiber-type transistor-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wi Hyoung Lee
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Schöbel L, Boccaccini AR. A review of glycosaminoglycan-modified electrically conductive polymers for biomedical applications. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:45-65. [PMID: 37532132 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The application areas of electrically conductive polymers have been steadily growing since their discovery in the late 1970s. Recently, electrically conductive polymers have found their way into biomedicine, allowing the realization of many relevant applications ranging from bioelectronics to scaffolds for tissue engineering. Extracellular matrix components, such as glycosaminoglycans, build an important class of biomaterials that are heavily researched for biomedical applications due to their favorable properties. Due to their highly anionic character and the presence of sulfate groups in glycosaminoglycans, these biomolecules can be employed to functionalize conductive polymers, which enables the tailorability and improvement of cell-material interactions of conductive polymers. This review paper gives an overview of recent research on glycosaminoglycan-modified conductive polymers intended for biomedical applications and discusses the effect of different biological dopants on material characteristics, such as surface roughness, stiffness, and electrochemical properties. Moreover, the key findings of the biological characterization in vitro and in vivo are summarized, and remaining challenges in the field, particularly related to the modification of electrically conductive polymers with glycosaminoglycans to achieve improved functional and biological outcomes, are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The development of functional biomaterials based on electrically conductive polymers (CPs) for various biomedical applications, such as neural regeneration, drug delivery, or bioelectronics, has been increasingly investigated over the last decades. Recent literature has shown that changes in the synthesis procedure or the chosen dopant could adjust the resulting material characteristics. Hence, an interesting approach lies in using natural biomolecules as dopants for CPs to tailor the biological outcome. This review comprehensively summarizes the state of the art in the field of glycosaminoglycan-modified electrically conductive polymers for the first time, particularly highlighting the effect of the chosen dopant on material characteristics, such as surface morphology or stiffness, electrochemical properties, and consequently, cell-material interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schöbel
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Meng X, O'Hare D, Ladame S. Surface immobilization strategies for the development of electrochemical nucleic acid sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115440. [PMID: 37406480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Following the recent pandemic and with the emergence of cell-free nucleic acids in liquid biopsies as promising biomarkers for a broad range of pathologies, there is an increasing demand for a new generation of nucleic acid tests, with a particular focus on cost-effective, highly sensitive and specific biosensors. Easily miniaturized electrochemical sensors show the greatest promise and most typically rely on the chemical functionalization of conductive materials or electrodes with sequence-specific hybridization probes made of standard oligonucleotides (DNA or RNA) or synthetic analogues (e.g. Peptide Nucleic Acids or PNAs). The robustness of such sensors is mostly influenced by the ability to control the density and orientation of the probe at the surface of the electrode, making the chemistry used for this immobilization a key parameter. This exhaustive review will cover the various strategies to immobilize nucleic acid probes onto different solid electrode materials. Both physical and chemical immobilization techniques will be presented. Their applicability to specific electrode materials and surfaces will also be discussed as well as strategies for passivation of the electrode surface as a way of preventing electrode fouling and reducing nonspecific binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Meng
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. https://in.linkedin.com/https://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=xiaotong-meng-888IC
| | - Danny O'Hare
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Sylvain Ladame
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Zhou Z, Tang W, Yang J, Fan C. Application of 4D printing and bioprinting in cardiovascular tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6403-6420. [PMID: 37599608 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00312d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases have remained the leading cause of death worldwide for the past 20 years. The current clinical therapeutic measures, including bypass surgery, stent implantation and pharmacotherapy, are not enough to repair the massive loss of cardiomyocytes after myocardial ischemia. Timely replenishment with functional myocardial tissue via biomedical engineering is the most direct and effective means to improve the prognosis and survival rate of patients. It is widely recognized that 4D printing technology introduces an additional dimension of time in comparison with traditional 3D printing. Additionally, in the context of 4D bioprinting, both the printed material and the resulting product are designed to be biocompatible, which will be the mainstream of bioprinting in the future. Thus, this review focuses on the application of 4D bioprinting in cardiovascular diseases, discusses the bottleneck of the development of 4D bioprinting, and finally looks forward to the future direction and prospect of this revolutionary technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Middle Renmin Road 139, 410011 Changsha, China
| | - Weijie Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Middle Renmin Road 139, 410011 Changsha, China.
| | - Jinfu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Middle Renmin Road 139, 410011 Changsha, China.
| | - Chengming Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Middle Renmin Road 139, 410011 Changsha, China.
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Barhoumi M, Liu J, Lefkidis G, Hübner W. Laser-induced ultrafast spin-transfer processes in non-linear zigzag carbon chain systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:24563-24580. [PMID: 37661835 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02483k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
We combine the high-level quantum chemistry theory CCSD and EOM-CCSD together with local and global Λ processes to investigate the details of the laser-induced ultrafast spin manipulation scenarios in non-linear zigzag carbon chain systems Ni2@C32H32 and Ni2@C36H36. The spin density distribution, which is calculated on each many-body state using a Mulliken population analysis, fulfills the requirements to accomplish the spin dynamics processes. Various spin-flip and spin-transfer scenarios are accomplished. All the spin-dynamics processes can be achieved within subpicosecond times. Under the influence of a magnetic field, we find that the spin-transfer scenarios are preserved, while the local spin-flip scenario on a Ni atom can be significantly inhibited depending on the strength of the magnetic field. The impact of the propagation direction of the laser pulse on the spin dynamics processes by varying their polar and azimuthal angles in spherical coordinates is investigated. Additionally, we find that double laser pulses successfully induce the spin-transfer processes. Our outcomes underline the significant potential of carbon chain systems as building blocks for developing future all-optical integrated logic processing units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Barhoumi
- Department of Physics, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, P.O. Box 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Georgios Lefkidis
- Department of Physics, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, P.O. Box 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Hübner
- Department of Physics, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, P.O. Box 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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Kuznetsova LS, Arlyapov VA, Plekhanova YV, Tarasov SE, Kharkova AS, Saverina EA, Reshetilov AN. Conductive Polymers and Their Nanocomposites: Application Features in Biosensors and Biofuel Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3783. [PMID: 37765637 PMCID: PMC10536614 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conductive polymers and their composites are excellent materials for coupling biological materials and electrodes in bioelectrochemical systems. It is assumed that their relevance and introduction to the field of bioelectrochemical devices will only grow due to their tunable conductivity, easy modification, and biocompatibility. This review analyzes the main trends and trends in the development of the methodology for the application of conductive polymers and their use in biosensors and biofuel elements, as well as describes their future prospects. Approaches to the synthesis of such materials and the peculiarities of obtaining their nanocomposites are presented. Special emphasis is placed on the features of the interfaces of such materials with biological objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubov S. Kuznetsova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Tula State University, 300012 Tula, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav A. Arlyapov
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Tula State University, 300012 Tula, Russia
| | - Yulia V. Plekhanova
- Federal Research Center «Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences», G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Sergei E. Tarasov
- Federal Research Center «Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences», G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Anna S. Kharkova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Tula State University, 300012 Tula, Russia
| | - Evgeniya A. Saverina
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Tula State University, 300012 Tula, Russia
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly N. Reshetilov
- Federal Research Center «Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences», G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
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Raju C, Mridula K, Srinivasan N, Kunnikuruvan S, Sureshan KM. Topochemical Syntheses of Polyarylopeptides Involving Large Molecular Motions: Frustrated Monomer Packing Leads to the Formation of Polymer Blends. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306504. [PMID: 37486334 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
We report the topochemical syntheses of three polyarylopeptides, wherein triazolylphenyl group is integrated into the backbone of peptide chains. We synthesized three different monomers having azide and arylacetylene as end-groups from glycine, L-alanine and L-valine. We crystallized these monomers and the crystal structures of two of them were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. Due to the steric constraints, both of these monomers crystallized with two molecules, viz. conformers A and B, in the asymmetric unit. Consistently, in both cases, the A-conformers are antiparallelly π-stacked and B-conformers are parallelly slip-stacked, exploiting weak interactions. Though the arrangements of molecules in the pristine crystals were unsuitable for topochemical reaction, upon heating, they undergo large motion inside the crystal lattice to reach a transient reactive orientation and thereby the self-sorted conformer stacks react to give a blend of triazole-linked polyarylopeptides having two different linkages. Due to the large molecular motion inside crystals, the product phase loses its crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cijil Raju
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Kozhukunnon Mridula
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Nikitha Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Sooraj Kunnikuruvan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
- Centre for Atomistic Modelling and Materials Design and Centre for Molecular Materials and Functions, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Kana M Sureshan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
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