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Bendi A, Yadav P, Saini K, Singh Bhathiwal A, Raghav N. A Comprehensive Examination of Heterocyclic Scaffold Chemistry for Antitubercular Activity. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400067. [PMID: 38500408 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a communicable disease which affects humans particularly the lungs and is transmitted mainly through air. Despite two decades of intensive research aimed at understanding and combating tuberculosis, persistent biological uncertainties continue to hinder progress. Nowadays, heterocyclic compounds have proven themselves in effective treatment of tuberculosis because of their wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. Antituberculosis or antimycobacterial agents encompass a broad array of compounds utilized singly or in conjunction to combat Mycobacterium infections, spanning from tuberculosis to leprosy. Here, we summarize the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds which includes the greener synthetic route as well as use of nano compounds as catalyst along with their anti TB activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjaneyulu Bendi
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, Rajanukunte, Itgalpura, 560064, Bangalore, India
| | - Priyanka Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, SGT University, 122505, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Komal Saini
- Applied Sciences and Humanities, World College of Technology and Management, 122506, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Anirudh Singh Bhathiwal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, SGT University, 122505, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Neera Raghav
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, 136119, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
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2
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Alzahrani AY, Gomha SM, Zaki ME, Farag B, Abdelgawad FE, Mohamed MA. Chitosan-sulfonic acid-catalyzed green synthesis of naphthalene-based azines as potential anticancer agents. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:647-663. [PMID: 38385167 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study focuses on advancing green chemistry in anticancer drug discovery, particularly through the synthesis of azine derivatives with a naphthalene core using CS-SO3H as a catalyst. Methods: Novel benzaldazine and ketazine derivatives were synthesized using (E)-(naphthalen-1-ylmethylene)hydrazine and various carbonyl compounds. The methods employed included thermal and grinding techniques, utilizing CS-SO3H as an eco-friendly and cost-effective catalyst. Results: The approach resulted in high yields, short reaction times and demonstrated catalyst reusability. Cytotoxicity tests highlighted compounds 3b, 11 and 13 as potent against the HEPG2-1. Conclusion: This study successfully aligns with the objectives of eco-conscious drug development in organic chemistry. Molecular docking and in silico studies further indicate the potential of these ligands as antitumor medicines, with favorable oral bioavailability properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Ya Alzahrani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Arts, King Khalid University, Mohail Assir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sobhi M Gomha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Magdi Ea Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basant Farag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Fathy E Abdelgawad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A Mohamed
- Technology of Textile Department, Faculty of Technology & Education, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62521, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science & Humanity study-Afif, Shaqra University, 11911, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Pal K, Lala S, Agarwal P, Patel TS, Legac J, Rahman MA, Ahmedi S, Shahid N, Singh S, Kumari K, Madhav H, Sen A, Manzoor N, Dixit BC, Van Zyl R, Rosenthal PJ, Hoda N. Naphthyl bearing 1,3,4-thiadiazoleacetamides targeting the parasitic folate pathway as anti-infectious agents: in silico, synthesis, and biological approach. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2768-2781. [PMID: 38107179 PMCID: PMC10718588 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00423f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is still a complex and lethal parasitic infectious disease, despite the availability of effective antimalarial drugs. Resistance of malaria parasites to current treatments necessitates new antimalarials targeting P. falciparum proteins. The present study reported the design and synthesis of a series of a 2-(4-substituted piperazin-1-yl)-N-(5-((naphthalen-2-yloxy)methyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide hybrids for the inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (PfDHFR) using computational biology tools followed by chemical synthesis, structural characterization, and functional analysis. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimalarial activity against CQ-sensitive PfNF54 and CQ-resistant PfW2 strain. Compounds T5 and T6 are the most active compounds having anti-plasmodial activity against PfNF54 with IC50 values of 0.94 and 3.46 μM respectively. Compound T8 is the most active against the PfW2 strain having an IC50 of 3.91 μM. Further, these active hybrids (T5, T6, and T8) were also evaluated for enzyme inhibition assay against PfDHFR. All the tested compounds were non-toxic against the Hek293 cell line with good selectivity indices. Hemolysis assay also showed non-toxicity of these compounds on normal uninfected human RBCs. In silico molecular docking studies were carried out in the binding pocket of both the wild-type and quadruple mutant Pf-DHFR-TS to gain further insights into probable modes of action of active compounds. ADME prediction and physiochemical properties support their drug-likeness. Additionally, they were screened for antileishmanial activity against L. donovani promastigotes to explore broader applications. Thus, this study provides molecular frameworks for developing potent antimalarials and antileishmanial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Pal
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India +91 11 26985507 +91 9910200655
| | - Sahil Lala
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand South Africa
- Wits Institute for Research Malaria (WRIM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand South Africa
| | - Priyanka Agarwal
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand South Africa
- Wits Institute for Research Malaria (WRIM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand South Africa
| | - Tarosh S Patel
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120 Gujarat India
| | - Jenny Legac
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco CA USA
| | - Md Ataur Rahman
- Chemistry Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD) Saadiyat Island Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Saiema Ahmedi
- Medical Mycology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Nida Shahid
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi India
| | - Sneha Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences Bihar India
| | - Kajal Kumari
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences Bihar India
| | - Hari Madhav
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India +91 11 26985507 +91 9910200655
| | - Abhik Sen
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences Bihar India
| | - Nikhat Manzoor
- Medical Mycology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Bharat C Dixit
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120 Gujarat India
| | - Robyn Van Zyl
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand South Africa
- Wits Institute for Research Malaria (WRIM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand South Africa
| | | | - Nasimul Hoda
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India +91 11 26985507 +91 9910200655
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Worayuthakarn R, Boontan K, Chainok K, Ruchirawat S, Thasana N. Base-Mediated and Silver-Catalyzed Divergent Synthesis of Hydroxynaphthalenamides and Phosphorylated Dihydronaphthylamides from Enone-Oxazolones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16520-16538. [PMID: 37974421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
An efficient divergent approach to functionalized naphthalene derivatives, the naphthalenamides, via base-mediated and silver-catalyzed cyclization has been developed using enone-oxazolones as the precursors. This protocol utilized base in methanol with heating to construct the corresponding hydroxynaphthalenamides 2 by a C-C bond formation, oxazolone ring-opening, and aromatization in good yields. On the other hand, phosphorylated dihydronaphthylamides 3 were generated by using H-phosphonate as the phosphonating reagent in a silver-catalyzed cyclization involving the phospha-1,4-addition/intramolecular ring closure with concomitant C-P/C-C bond formation in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattana Worayuthakarn
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Kanyanat Boontan
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Kittipong Chainok
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Multifunctional Crystalline Materials and Applications (TU-MCMA), Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- Chemical Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nopporn Thasana
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- Chemical Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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5
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Waghmare PS, Chinnabattigalla S, Gedu S. One-Pot Dual C-C Bond-Forming Cascade Process via Suzuki Coupling and Intramolecular Cyclocondensation: An Access to Functionalized Naphthalenes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13392-13403. [PMID: 37722130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Naphthyl ketones encompass a class of essential compounds of biological and industrial significance. The development of synthetic strategies to achieve naphthyl ketones in single-step reactions from readily available materials is highly desirable. Herein, domino one-pot synthesis of functionalized naphthyl ketones via intermolecular Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, followed by intramolecular distal aldol-type condensation with the γ-methyl/methylene groups is reported. The present strategy displayed a comprehensive substrate scope and good functional group tolerance and enabled access to a variety of substituted naphthyl ketones, including aromatic-aliphatic hybrid frameworks of interesting structural features starting from the easily accessible starting materials such as α-iodoenone and 2-formylphenylboronic acids as well as 2-formylphenylboronic acid pinacol esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip S Waghmare
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India
| | | | - Satyanarayana Gedu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India
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6
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Zheng S, Wu W, Jiang Q, Lin C, Fang Y, Dai H, Tang B, Tan Y. Synthesis of novel naphthalene-chimonanthine scaffolds hybrids with potent antibacterial or antifungal activity. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:3261-3266. [PMID: 37682697 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2067851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a total of 19 novel naphthalene hybrids with chimonanthine scaffolds were efficiently synthesised from indole-3-acetonitrile in good yields. The prepared compounds were evaluated for biological activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp, Candida albicans, Salmonella spp, and Staphylococcus aureus. The preliminary bioassays showed that most of the synthesised compounds exhibited significant antibacterial or antifungal activity. Notably, compound 8 showed potent activity against Cryptococcus neofonmans, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp, and Candida albicans than the positive control, all with the same MIC value of 3.53 µM. Compound 8 had a broad spectrum of antibacterial or antifungal activity, and will be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Zheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiaoju Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuansong Lin
- Shanghai Shipbuiding Technology Research Institute Zhoushan Ship Engineering Research Center, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Fang
- Shanghai Shipbuiding Technology Research Institute Zhoushan Ship Engineering Research Center, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huihui Dai
- Shanghai Shipbuiding Technology Research Institute Zhoushan Ship Engineering Research Center, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Tan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Yadav R, Meena D, Singh K, Tyagi R, Yadav Y, Sagar R. Recent advances in the synthesis of new benzothiazole based anti-tubercular compounds. RSC Adv 2023; 13:21890-21925. [PMID: 37483662 PMCID: PMC10359851 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03862a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the recent synthetic developments of benzothiazole based anti-tubercular compounds and their in vitro and in vivo activity. The inhibitory concentrations of the newly synthesized molecules were compared with the standard reference drugs. The better inhibition potency was found in new benzothiazole derivatives against M. tuberculosis. Synthesis of benzothiazole derivatives was achieved through various synthetic pathways including diazo-coupling, Knoevenagel condensation, Biginelli reaction, molecular hybridization techniques, microwave irradiation, one-pot multicomponent reactions etc. Other than recent synthetic developments, mechanism of resistance of anti-TB drugs is also incorporated in this review. Structure activity relationships of the new benzothiazole derivatives along with the molecular docking studies of selected compounds have been discussed against the target DprE1 in search of a potent inhibitor with enhanced anti-tubercular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Yadav
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067 India
| | - Dilkhush Meena
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067 India
| | - Kavita Singh
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067 India
| | - Rajdeep Tyagi
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067 India
| | - Yogesh Yadav
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067 India
| | - Ram Sagar
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067 India
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8
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Salem ME, Mahrous EM, Ragab EA, Nafie MS, Dawood KM. Synthesis of novel mono- and bis-pyrazolylthiazole derivatives as anti-liver cancer agents through EGFR/HER2 target inhibition. BMC Chem 2023; 17:51. [PMID: 37291635 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-00921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
3-Bromoacetyl-4-(2-naphthoyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole (6) was synthesized from 2-acetylnaphthalene and was used as a new key building block for constructing the title targets. Thus, the reaction of 6 with the thiosemicarbazones 7a-d and 9-11 afforded the corresponding simple naphthoyl-(3-pyrazolyl)thiazole hybrids 8a-d and 12 ~ 14. The symmetric bis-(2-naphthoyl-pyrazol-3-yl)thiazol-2-yl)hydrazono)methyl)phenoxy)alkanes 18a-c and 21a-c were similarly synthesized from reaction of 6 with the appropriate bis-thiosemicarbazones 17a-c and 19a-c, respectively. The synthesized two series of simple and symmetrical bis-molecular hybrid merging naphthalene, thiazole, and pyrazole were evaluated for their cytotoxicity. Compounds 18b,c and 21a showed the most potent cytotoxicity (IC50 = 0.97-3.57 µM) compared to Lapatinib (IC50 = 7.45 µM). Additionally, they were safe (non-cytotoxic) against the THLE2 cells with higher IC50 values. Compounds 18c exhibited promising EGFR and HER-2 inhibitory activities with IC50 = 4.98 and 9.85 nM, respectively, compared to Lapatinib (IC50 = 6.1 and 17.2 nM). Apoptosis investigation revealed that 18c significantly activated apoptotic cell death in HepG2 cells, increasing the death rate by 63.6-fold and arresting cell proliferation at the S-phase. Compound 18c upregulated P53 by 8.6-fold, Bax by 8.9-fold, caspase-3,8,9 by 9, 2.3, and 7.6-fold, while it inhibited the Bcl-2 expression by 0.34-fold. Thereby, compound 18c exhibited promising cytotoxicity against EGFR/HER2 inhibition against liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa E Salem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Esraa M Mahrous
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Eman A Ragab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Nafie
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry program), Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Kamal M Dawood
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
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9
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Zakharov AV, Timofeeva SM, Yadykov AV, Krayushkin MM, Shirinian VZ. Skeletal photoinduced rearrangement of diarylethenes: ethene bridge effects. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2015-2023. [PMID: 36790344 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02315f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
A skeletal photorearrangement involving UV-induced 6π-electrocyclization of diarylethenes with various ethene bridges has been studied. It has been found that deprotonation is the predominant step among the three possible alternative reaction pathways (radical abstraction, deprotonation, or sigmatropic shift) following 6π-electrocyclization, and incorporation of an electronegative carbonyl group into the geminal position to the phenyl residue results in a reduction in the reaction time and an increase in the yield of the desired product. The significant increase in the reaction time in less polar solvents (toluene, TCM) also indicates a large contribution of the deprotonation step to the skeletal photorearrangement of diarylethenes. Performing the reaction in toluene in the presence of tertiary amines leads to a reduction in the reaction time and an increase in the yield of the desired product. The best results were achieved when the reaction was carried out in toluene in the presence of DIPEA. The experimental results are in good agreement with the DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Zakharov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - S M Timofeeva
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - A V Yadykov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - M M Krayushkin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - V Z Shirinian
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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10
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Pyrazole derivatives as potent EGFR inhibitors: synthesis, biological evaluation and in silico and biodistribution study. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1755-1769. [PMID: 36524436 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Synthesis of pyrazole derivatives as EGFR inhibitors. Materials & methods: Cytotoxicity and EGFR inhibitory effect were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and EGFR kits, respectively. The biodistribution of radioiodinated compound nanoparticles in tumor-bearing mice was studied. Results: The IC50 values of compound 4a against HepG2 cells and EGFR were 0.15 ± 0.03 and 0.31 ± 0.008 μM, respectively, while those of erlotinib were 0.73 ± 0.04 and 0.11 ± 0.008 μM, respectively. The binding scores of compound 4a and erlotinib to EGFR were -9.52 and -10.23 Kcal/mol, respectively. The maximum tumor uptake of radioiodinated compound after intravenous nanoparticle injection was 6.7 ± 0.3% radioactivity/g. Conclusion: Compound 4a is a promising antitumor agent with a potential EGFR inhibitory effect.
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11
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Ragheb MA, Abdelwahab RE, Darweesh AF, Soliman MH, Elwahy AHM, Abdelhamid IA. Hantzsch-Like Synthesis, DNA Photocleavage, DNA/BSA Binding, and Molecular Docking Studies of Bis(sulfanediyl)bis(tetrahydro-5-deazaflavin) Analogs Linked to Naphthalene Core. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100958. [PMID: 36045280 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The cyclocondensation reaction of aldehydes with dimedone and bis(6-aminopyrimidin-4-one) in acetic acid led to the formation of the corresponding bis(pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-4,6-diones) which are known as bis(sulfanediyl)bis(tetrahydro-5-deazaflavin) analogs in a single step. Also, bis(pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-4,6-diones) which are linked to naphthyl core via phenoxymethyl linkage is prepared. The interactions of the synthesized compounds with DNA and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied. Gel electrophoresis assay was used to show the capability of the compounds to photocleave the supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA in UV-A (365 nm). Besides, the most photocleavable compound, bis(tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-4,6-dione) linked to pyridin-3-yl at position-5 exhibits good binding affinities toward CT-DNA and BSA as supported by UV/VIS spectral studies. In addition to the experimental findings, a molecular docking simulation was performed to collect detailed binding data for this compound to both biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Ragheb
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Reham E Abdelwahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Darweesh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Marwa H Soliman
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H M Elwahy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ismail A Abdelhamid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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12
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Anwar F, Saleem U, rehman AU, Ahmad B, Ismail T, Mirza MU, Ahmad S. Acute Oral, Subacute, and Developmental Toxicity Profiling of Naphthalene 2-Yl, 2-Chloro, 5-Nitrobenzoate: Assessment Based on Stress Response, Toxicity, and Adverse Outcome Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:810704. [PMID: 35126145 PMCID: PMC8811508 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.810704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The U.S. National Research Council (NRC) introduced new approaches to report toxicity studies. The NRC vision is to explore the toxicity pathways leading to the adverse effects in intact organisms by the exposure of the chemicals. This study examines the toxicity profiling of the naphthalene-2-yl 2-chloro-5-dinitrobenzoate (SF5) by adopting the vision of NRC that moves from traditional animal studies to the cellular pathways. Acute, subacute, and developmental toxicity studies were assayed according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines. The stress response pathway, toxicity pathway, and adverse effects outcome parameters were analyzed by using their standard protocols. The results showed that the acute toxicity study increases the liver enzyme levels. In a subacute toxicity study, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were raised in both male and female animals. SF5 significantly increases the normal sperm count in the male animals corresponding to a decrease in the abnormality count. Developmental toxicity showed the normal skeletal and morphological parameters, except little hydrocephalus was observed in developmental toxicity. Doses of 20 mg/kg in males and 4 mg/kg in females showed decreased glutathione (GSH) levels in the kidney and liver. MDA levels were also increased in the kidney and liver. However, histopathological studies did not show any cellular change in these organs. No statistical difference was observed in histamine levels, testosterone, nuclear factor erythroid two-related factor-2 (Nrf2), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), which showed no initiation of the stress response, toxicity, and adverse effect pathways. Immunomodulation was observed at low doses in subacute toxicity studies. It was concluded that SF5 did not produce abrupt and high-toxicity levels in organs and biochemical parameters. So, it is safe for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareeha Anwar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Govt. College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Atta ur rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Bashir Ahmad, ; Sarfraz Ahmad,
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology—Abbottabad Campus, Abottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Mirza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Sarfraz Ahmad
- Drug Design and Development Research Group (DDDRG), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Bashir Ahmad, ; Sarfraz Ahmad,
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13
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Wu W, Jiang Q, Tan Y, Zhou Y, Chen J, Tang B, Zhu R, Zheng S. Synthesis and fungicidal activity of novel pyrroloindole scaffolds and their derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01670b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The key scaffold of a pyrroloindole ring is a very important structure, which is isolated from plants and fungi with a variety of medical and fungicidal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiaoju Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Tan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaojun Zheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Zakharov AV, Yadykov AV, Gaeva EB, Metelitsa AV, Shirinian VZ. Photoinduced Skeletal Rearrangement of Diarylethenes: Photorelease of Lewis Acid and Synthetic Applications. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16806-16814. [PMID: 34709041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The skeletal photorearrangement including 6π-electrocyclization induced by UV light of ortho-halogen-substituted diarylethenes has been studied. It has been found that the reaction pathways leading to bi- or tricyclic frameworks depend on the kind of halogen substituent and solvent. Photocyclization with halogen abstraction leads to bicyclic fused aromatics, while the tricyclic frameworks are formed due to the tandem 6π-electrocyclization/sigmatropic shift reaction. THF is preferred as the solvent in the former process and chloroform in the latter reaction. It was found for the first time that, owing to the ability of this series of diarylethenes to undergo skeletal photorearrangement with the release of the bromide cation, they can be used both as brominating agents and as Lewis acids for catalyzing electrophilic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Zakharov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Anton V Yadykov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Elena B Gaeva
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachka Avenue, Rostov on Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Anatoly V Metelitsa
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachka Avenue, Rostov on Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Valerii Z Shirinian
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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15
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Gawandi SJ, Desai VG, Joshi S, Shingade S, Pissurlenkar RR. Assessment of elementary derivatives of 1,5-benzodiazepine as anticancer agents with synergy potential. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105331. [PMID: 34689084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we designed and synthesized 1,5-benzodiazepines as a lead molecule for anticancer activity and as potent synergistic activity with drug Methotrexate. Working under the framework of green chemistry principles, series of 1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives (3a-3a1) were synthesized using biocatalyst i.e. thiamine hydrochloride under solvent free neat heat conditions. These compounds were screened for in vitro anti cancer activity against couple of cancer cell lines (HeLa and HEPG2) and normal human cell line HEK-293 via MTT assay. The IC50 values for the compounds were in the range 0.067 to 0.35 µM, better than Paclitaxel and compatible with the drug Methotrexate. Compound 3x was found to be influential against both the cell lines with IC50 values of 0.067 ± 0.002 µM against HeLa and 0.087 ± 0.003 µM against HEPG2 cell line, having activity as compatible to the standard drug Methotrexate. Bioinformatic analysis showed that these compounds are good tyrosine kinase inhibitors which was then proved using enzyme inhibition assay. The studies of apoptosis revealed late apoptotic mode of cell death for the compounds against HEPG2 cancer cell line using flow cytometry method. Synergistic studies of compound 3x and drug Methotrexate showed that the combination was highly active against cancer HeLa and HEPG2 cell line with IC50 value 0.046 ± 0.002 µM and 0.057 ± 0.002 µM respectively, which was well supported by apoptosis pathway. Further the compounds proved its scope as DNA intercalating agents, as its molecular docking and DNA binding studies revealed that the compounds would fit well into the DNA strands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinthiya J Gawandi
- Department of Chemistry, Dnyanprassarak Mandal's College & Research Centre, Assagao, Bardez, 403507, India
| | - Vidya G Desai
- Department of Chemistry, Dnyanprassarak Mandal's College & Research Centre, Assagao, Bardez, 403507, India.
| | - Shrinivas Joshi
- Novel Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, S.E.T.'s College of Pharmacy, Sangolli Rayanna Nagar, Dharwad 580 002, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunil Shingade
- SSPM's V P College of Pharmacy, Madkhol, Sawantwadi, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
| | - Raghuvir R Pissurlenkar
- (Bio) Molecular Simulations Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goa College of Pharmacy, Panaji, Goa, India
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16
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Gu X, Ma S. Recent Advances in the Development of Pyrazolopyridines as Anticancer Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1643-1657. [PMID: 34488593 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210901102832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer, especially malignant tumor, is a serious threat to people's life and health. It is recognized as an enormous challenge in the 21st century. Continuous efforts are needed to overcome this problem. Pyrazolopyridine nucleus, similar in structure to purine, shows a variety of biological activities, which is mainly attributed to the antagonistic nature towards the natural purines in many biological processes. This has aroused enormous attention for many researchers. At present, a large number of new chemical entities containing pyrazolopyridine nucleus have been found as anticancer agents. In this review we summarize novel pyrazolopyridine-containing derivatives with biological activities. Furthermore, we outline the relationships between the structures of variously modified pyrazolopyridines and their anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Gu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012. China
| | - Shutao Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012. China
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17
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Anwar F, Saleem U, Rehman AU, Ahmad B, Ismail T, Mirza MU, Kee LY, Abdullah I, Ahmad S. Toxicological Screening of 4-Phenyl-3,4-dihydrobenzo[ h]quinolin-2(1 H)-one: A New Potential Candidate for Alzheimer's Treatment. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:10897-10909. [PMID: 34056243 PMCID: PMC8153932 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity studies are necessary for the development of a new drug. Naphthalene is a bicyclic molecule and is easy to derivatize. In our previous study, a derivative of naphthalene (4-phenyl,3,4-dihydrobenzoquinoline-2(H)one) was synthesized and reported its in vitro activity on different enzymes. This study was a probe to investigate the toxicity potential of that compound (SF3). Acute oral (425), subacute (407), and teratogenicity (414) studies were planned according to their respective guidelines given by organization of economic cooperation and development (OECD). Acute oral, subacute, and teratogenicity studies were carried out on 2000, 5-40, and 40 mg/kg doses. Blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analyses. Vital organs were excised for oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and malondialdehyde) and histopathological analysis. LD 50 of SF3 was higher than 2000 mg/kg. In acute and subacute studies, levels of alkaline phosphates and aspartate transaminase were increased. Teratogenicity showed no resorptions, no skeletal or soft tissue abnormalities, and no cleft pallet. Oxidative stress biomarkers were close to the normal, and no increase in the malondialdehyde level was seen. Histopathological studies revealed normal tissue architecture of the selected organs, except kidney, in acute oral and subacute toxicity studies at 40 mg/kg. The study concluded that SF3 is safer if used as a drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareeha Anwar
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Lahore 54000 Pakistan
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Govt. College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Atta ur Rehman
- Department
of Pharmacy, Forman Christian College, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Lahore 54000 Pakistan
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Department
of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information
Technology, Abbottabad Campus, Abottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Mirza
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Rega Institute for
Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, University
of Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Lee Yean Kee
- Drug
Design and Development Research Group (DDDRG), Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Iskandar Abdullah
- Drug
Design and Development Research Group (DDDRG), Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sarfraz Ahmad
- Drug
Design and Development Research Group (DDDRG), Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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18
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Mousavi SH, Mohammadizadeh MR, Poorsadeghi S, Arimitsu S, Mohammadsaleh F, Kojya G, Gima S. One-pot synthesis of new alkyl 1-naphthoates bearing quinoline, pyranone and cyclohexenone moieties via metal-free sequential addition/oxidation reactions. RSC Adv 2021; 11:36748-36752. [PMID: 35494386 PMCID: PMC9043593 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07092d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A mild and one-pot synthetic pathway was successfully developed for the synthesis of new naphthoate-based scaffolds containing quinoline, pyranone and cyclohexenone moieties via a multistep reaction between acenaphthoquinone and various 1,3-diketones in the presence of different primary aliphatic and benzylic alcohols. This reaction proceeds via a sequential addition/oxidation mechanistic process including a metal-free addition step of acenaphthoquinone and 1,3-diketones followed by the H5IO6-mediated C–C oxidative cleavage of the corresponding vicinal diols at room temperature. The alcohols play a dual role, as the reaction solvent as well as the nucleophile, to conduct the reaction process toward naphthoate formation. All alkyl naphthoate derivatives prepared in this work are new compounds and were definitively characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and HRMS analysis, while X-ray crystallography was carried out for one of the products. The synthesis of a naphthalene-based nucleus attached to heterocyclic moieties is noteworthy to follow in the near future for diverse applications in biology, medicine, metal complex design, and semiconductor and optical materials. Various new alkyl 1-naphthoates bearing quinoline, pyranone and cyclohexenone moieties were successfully synthesized by a one-pot sequential addition/oxidation process.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Hekmat Mousavi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Nano and Bioscience and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mohammadizadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Nano and Bioscience and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Samira Poorsadeghi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1-Senbaru, Nakagami, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Satoru Arimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1-Senbaru, Nakagami, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadsaleh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Nano and Bioscience and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Genta Kojya
- Center for Research Advancement and Collaboration, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Shinichi Gima
- Center for Research Advancement and Collaboration, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
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19
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Elghareeb FH, Kandil EM, Abou-Elzahab M, Abdelmoteleb M, Abozeid MA. Rigid 3D-spiro chromanone as a crux for efficient antimicrobial agents: synthesis, biological and computational evaluation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:21301-21314. [PMID: 35478839 PMCID: PMC9034028 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03497a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new and effective antimicrobial agents with novel chemical skeletons and working mechanisms is highly desirable due to the increased number of resistant microbes. Different new compounds based upon a 3D-spiro chromanone scaffold such as Mannich bases 2 and 3 in addition to azo dye 4 were synthesized. Besides, the condensation reactions of the hydrazide-spiro chromanone 8 with different ketonic reagents led to the synthesis of pyrazoles (9 & 10) and anils (11 & 13). Moreover, the methoxyl substituted spiro chromanone 14 was condensed with different hydrazines and hydrazides to give the corresponding hydrazones 15–18 in up to 85% yields. The condensation of the hydrazone 18 with salicylaldehyde yielded coumarinyl spiro chromanone 19 in an excellent yield, whereas its reaction with benzaldehyde followed by hydrazine afforded aminopyrazole derivative 21 in 82% yield. The antimicrobial evaluation suggested that hydrazide 8 has a substantial activity against different microbes (S. aureus: D = 22 mm, MIC = 1.64 μM; E. coli: D = 19 mm, MIC = 1.64 μM; C. albicans: D = 20 mm, MIC = 6.57 μM). Moreover, promising antimicrobial activities were observed for azo dye 4 (D = 13–19 mm, MIC = 5.95–11.89 μM), hydrazone 17 (D = 17–23 mm, MIC = 1.88–3.75 μM), and aminopyrazole 21 (D = 14–19 mm, MIC = 2.24–8.98 μM). The molecular docking revealed that compounds 4, 8, 17, and 21 had good to high binding affinities with different microbial targets such as penicillin-binding proteins (−7.4 to −9.9 kcal), DNA gyrase (−7.8 to −9.0 kcal), lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase (−8.2 to −11.2 kcal), and exo-beta-1,3-glucanase (−8.2 to −11.9 kcal). The QSAR analysis ascertained a good correlation between the antimicrobial activity of 3D-spiro chromanone derivatives and their structural and/or physicochemical parameters. New heterocyclic compounds based upon rigid 3D-spiro chromanone scaffold have been synthesized and evaluated as efficient antimicrobial agents. Molecular docking and QSAR have explained and supported the observed promising antimicrobial activity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- F. H. Elghareeb
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Mansoura University
- Mansoura-35516
- Egypt
| | - E. M. Kandil
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Mansoura University
- Mansoura-35516
- Egypt
| | - M. Abou-Elzahab
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Mansoura University
- Mansoura-35516
- Egypt
| | - M. Abdelmoteleb
- Department of Botany
- Faculty of Science
- Mansoura University
- Mansoura-35516
- Egypt
| | - M. A. Abozeid
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Mansoura University
- Mansoura-35516
- Egypt
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