1
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Karmakar H, Kumar GS, Pal K, Chandrasekhar V, Panda TK. Tri-coordinated zinc alkyl complexes with N^ S/ Se coordination of imino-phosphanamidinate chalcogenide ligands as precursors for efficient hydroboration of nitriles and esters. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:10592-10602. [PMID: 38855964 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00840e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
A series of tri-coordinated zinc alkyl complexes with the general molecular formula [κ2NE-{NHIRP(Ph)(E)N-Dipp}ZnEt] [R = Dipp (2,6-diisopropylphenyl), E = S (3a), Se (3b) and R = tBu (tert-butyl), E = S (4a), Se (4b)] bearing imino-phosphanamidinate chalcogenide ligands were prepared in good yields from the reaction between the protic imino-phosphanamidinate chalcogenide ligand [NHIRP(Ph)(E)NH-Dipp] [R = Dipp, E = S (1a), Se (1b) and R = tBu, E = S (2a), Se (2b)] and diethylzinc at room temperature. The molecular structures of all the zinc complexes were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In the solid state, all complexes exhibited a distorted trigonal planar geometry around the zinc ion. Metal-chalcogenide (Zn-S/Se) interactions were observed in the coordination sphere. These zinc alkyl complexes were employed as pre-catalysts in the hydroboration reaction of nitriles and esters to obtain the corresponding N,N-diborylamines and boronate esters, respectively, under ambient conditions. A wide substrate scope of nitriles and esters is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Gobbilla Sai Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Kuntal Pal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, 500107, Hyderabad, India.
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
| | - Tarun K Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
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2
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Komuro T, Hayasaka K, Takahashi K, Ishiwata N, Yamauchi K, Tobita H, Hashimoto H. Iron complexes supported by silyl-NHC chelate ligands: synthesis and use for double hydroboration of nitriles. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:4041-4047. [PMID: 38333906 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03605g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Iron complexes bearing new silyl-NHC bidentate ligands were synthesised by treating Fe3(CO)12 with a mixture of N-(hydrosilyl)methyl imidazolium salts and a base. These complexes showed high performance in the catalytic double hydroboration of nitrile with pinacolborane (HBpin) to produce N,N-bis(boryl)amine by a combination of UV irradiation and mild heating (60 °C). The product yields for the hydroboration of aromatic and aliphatic nitriles reached 85%-95% (NMR) using an iron complex (5 mol%). Reducing the loading amount of the iron complex to 0.5 mol% still afforded the products in high yields. An analogous ruthenium complex, which was similarly synthesised using Ru3(CO)12, showed lower activity. Stoichiometric reactions of the iron complex with nitriles afforded Fe(0)-N-silylimine complexes, which may be dormant states in nitrile hydroboration. A catalytic mechanism including Fe(0) N-silylimine species is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Komuro
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Kohei Hayasaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Kasumi Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Nozomu Ishiwata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Kota Yamauchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Tobita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Hisako Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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3
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van IJzendoorn B, Whittingham JBM, Whitehead GFS, Kaltsoyannis N, Mehta M. A robust Zintl cluster for the catalytic reduction of pyridines, imines and nitriles. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13787-13796. [PMID: 37721024 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02896h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite p-block clusters being known for over a century, their application as catalysts to mediate organic transformations is underexplored. Here, the boron functionalized [P7] cluster [(BBN)P7]2- ([1]2-; BBN = 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) is applied in the dearomatized reduction of pyridines, as well as the hydroboration of imines and nitriles. These transformations afford amine products, which are important precursors to pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and polymers. Catalyst [1]2- has high stability in these reductions: recycling nine times in quinoline hydroboration led to virtually no loss in catalyst performance. The catalyst can also be recycled between two different organic transformations, again with no loss in catalyst competency. The mechanism for pyridine reduction was probed experimentally using variable time normalization analysis, and computationally using density functional theory. This work demonstrates that Zintl clusters can mediate the reduction of nitrogen containing substrates in a transition metal-free manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bono van IJzendoorn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | | | - George F S Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Nikolas Kaltsoyannis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Meera Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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4
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Kumar GS, Kumar R, Sau A, Chandrasekhar V, Panda TK. Zinc Catalyzed Hydroboration of Esters and Nitriles with Pinacolborane. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12613-12622. [PMID: 37615400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
We developed a bench-stable iminopyridine-ligated zinc complex for the effective catalytic hydroboration of esters and nitriles under solvent-free conditions. Various esters and nitriles bearing different functionalities were selectively reduced to form corresponding alcohols and amines in good yields. Detailed Hammett plots are provided to explain the electronic effects on the phenyl ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gobbilla Sai Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 502284, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 502284, India
| | - Abhijit Sau
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 502284, India
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500107, India
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Tarun K Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 502284, India
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5
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Baker GJ, White AJP, Casely IJ, Grainger D, Crimmin MR. Catalytic, Z-Selective, Semi-Hydrogenation of Alkynes with a Zinc-Anilide Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7667-7674. [PMID: 36972405 PMCID: PMC10080692 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The reversible activation of dihydrogen with a molecular zinc anilide complex is reported. The mechanism of this reaction has been probed through stoichiometric experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The combined evidence suggests that H2 activation occurs by addition across the Zn-N bond via a four-membered transition state in which the Zn and N atoms play a dual role of Lewis acid and Lewis base. The zinc hydride complex that results from H2 addition has been shown to be remarkably effective for the hydrozincation of C═C bonds at modest temperatures. The scope of hydrozincation includes alkynes, alkenes, and a 1,3-butadiyne. For alkynes, the hydrozincation step is stereospecific leading exclusively to the syn-isomer. Competition experiments show that the hydrozincation of alkynes is faster than the equivalent alkene substrates. These new discoveries have been used to develop a catalytic system for the semi-hydrogenation of alkynes. The catalytic scope includes both aryl- and alkyl-substituted internal alkynes and proceeds with high alkene: alkane, Z:E ratios, and modest functional group tolerance. This work offers a first example of selective hydrogenation catalysis using zinc complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg J Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, White City, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, White City, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J Casely
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Damian Grainger
- Johnson Matthey, 28 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0FP, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, White City, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
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6
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Kanno S, Kakiuchi F, Kochi T. Palladium-Catalyzed Hydroboration/Cyclization of 1, n-Dienes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2621-2630. [PMID: 36701792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
While the hydroboration of alkenes is well established, the corresponding cyclization reaction of dienes remains challenging. Here, we report a new method for hydroboration/cyclization applicable to various 1,n-dienes and hydroboranes. The method features the direct synthesis of borylalkyl cyclopentanes from common 1,6-dienes, which is highlighted by syntheses of elaborated pyrrolidine cores from easily accessible diallylamines. Notably, 1,n-dienes (n > 6) also undergo five-membered ring formation, offering "remote" hydroboration/cyclization that would be otherwise difficult to achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Kanno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Kakiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takuya Kochi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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7
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Prey SE, Herok C, Fantuzzi F, Bolte M, Lerner HW, Engels B, Wagner M. Multifaceted behavior of a doubly reduced arylborane in B-H-bond activation and hydroboration catalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:849-860. [PMID: 36755708 PMCID: PMC9890859 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05518j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkali-metal salts of 9,10-dimethyl-9,10-dihydro-9,10-diboraanthrancene (M2[DBA-Me2]; M+ = Li+, Na+, K+) activate the H-B bond of pinacolborane (HBpin) in THF already at room temperature. For M+ = Na+, K+, the addition products M2[4] are formed, which contain one new H-B and one new B-Bpin bond; for M+ = Li+, the H- ion is instantaneously transferred from the DBA-Me2 unit to another equivalent of HBpin to afford Li[5]. Although Li[5] might commonly be considered a [Bpin]- adduct of neutral DBA-Me2, it donates a [Bpin]+ cation to Li[SiPh3], generating the silyl borane Ph3Si-Bpin; Li2[DBA-Me2] with an aromatic central B2C4 ring acts as the leaving group. Furthermore, Li2[DBA-Me2] catalyzes the hydroboration of various unsaturated substrates with HBpin in THF. Quantum-chemical calculations complemented by in situ NMR spectroscopy revealed two different mechanistic scenarios that are governed by the steric demand of the substrate used: in the case of the bulky Ph(H)C[double bond, length as m-dash]NtBu, the reaction requires elevated temperatures of 100 °C, starts with H-Bpin activation which subsequently generates Li[BH4], so that the mechanism eventually turns into "hidden borohydride catalysis". Ph(H)C[double bond, length as m-dash]NPh, Ph2C[double bond, length as m-dash]O, Ph2C[double bond, length as m-dash]CH2, and iPrN[double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]NiPr undergo hydroboration already at room temperature. Here, the active hydroboration catalyst is the [4 + 2] cycloadduct between the respective substrate and Li2[DBA-Me2]: in the key step, attack of HBpin on the bridging unit opens the bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene scaffold and gives the activated HBpin adduct of the Lewis-basic moiety that was previously coordinated to the DBA-B atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven E. Prey
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität FrankfurtFrankfurt am Main D-60438Germany
| | - Christoph Herok
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Würzburg D-97074 Germany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Würzburg D-97074 Germany .,School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent Canterbury CT2 7NH UK
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main D-60438 Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main D-60438 Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Würzburg D-97074 Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main D-60438 Germany
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8
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Ataie S, Baker RT. Comparing B-H Bond Activation in Ni IIX(NNN)-Catalyzed Nitrile Dihydroboration (X = Anionic N-, C-, O-, S-, or P-donor). Inorg Chem 2022; 61:19998-20007. [PMID: 36455067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
One of the key steps in many metal complex-catalyzed hydroboration reactions is B-H bond activation, which results in metal hydride formation. Anionic ligands that include multiple lone pairs of electrons, in cooperation with a metal center, have notable potential in redox-neutral B-H bond activation through metal-ligand cooperation. Herein, using an easily prepared NpyridineNimineNpyrrolide ligand (L2)-, a series of divalent NiIIX(NNN) complexes were synthesized, with X = bromide (2), phenoxide (3), thiophenoxide (4), 2,5-dimethylpyrrolide (5), diphenylphosphide (6), and phenyl (7). The complexes were characterized using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography and employed as precatalysts for nitrile dihydroboration. Superior activity of the phenoxy derivative (3) [vs thiophenoxy (4) or phenyl (7)] suggests that B-H bond activation occurs at the Ni-X (vs ligand Ni-Npyrrolide) bond. Furthermore, stoichiometric treatment of 2-7 with a nitrile showed no reaction, whereas stoichiometric reactions of 2-7 with pinacolborane (HBpin) gave the same Ni-H complex for 2, 3, and 5. Considering that only 2, 3, and 5 successfully catalyzed nitrile dihydroboration, we suggest that the catalytic cycle involves a conventional inner sphere pathway initiated by substrate insertion into Ni-H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ataie
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - R Tom Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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9
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Ding M, Chang J, Mao JX, Zhang J, Chen X. Noncatalyzed Reduction of Nitriles to Primary Amines with Ammonia Borane. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16230-16235. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Man Ding
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Jiarui Chang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Jia-Xue Mao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuenian Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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10
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Morris LJ, Rajeshkumar T, Maron L, Okuda J. Reversible Oxidative Addition of Zinc Hydride at a Gallium(I)-Centre: Labile Mono- and Bis(hydridogallyl)zinc Complexes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201480. [PMID: 35819049 PMCID: PMC9804236 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the presence of TMEDA (N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine), partially deaggregated zinc dihydride as hydrocarbon suspensions react with the gallium(I) compound [(BDI)Ga] (I, BDI={HC(C(CH3 )N(2,6-iPr2 -C6 H3 ))2 }- ) by formal oxidative addition of a Zn-H bond to the gallium(I) centre. Dissociation of the labile TMEDA ligand in the resulting complex [(BDI)Ga(H)-(H)Zn(tmeda)] (1) facilitates insertion of a second equiv. of I into the remaining Zn-H to form a thermally sensitive trinuclear species [{(BDI)Ga(H)}2 Zn] (2). Compound 1 exchanges with polymeric zinc dideuteride [ZnD2 ]n in the presence of TMEDA, and with compounds I and 2 via sequential and reversible ligand dissociation and gallium(I) insertion. Spectroscopic and computational studies demonstrate the reversibility of oxidative addition of each Zn-H bond to the gallium(I) centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis J. Morris
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University52062AachenGermany,Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3TAUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Laurent Maron
- CNRSINSAUPSUMR 5215LPCNOUniversité de Toulouse31077ToulouseFrance
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University52062AachenGermany
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11
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Pradhan S, Sankar RV, Gunanathan C. A Boron-Nitrogen Double Transborylation Strategy for Borane-Catalyzed Hydroboration of Nitriles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12386-12396. [PMID: 36045008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Organoborane-catalyzed hydroboration of nitriles provides N,N-diborylamines, which act as efficient synthons for the synthesis of primary amines and secondary amides. Known nitrile hydroboration methods are dominated by metal catalysis. Simple and metal-free hydroboration of nitriles using diborane [H-B-9-BBN]2 as a catalyst and pinacolborane as a turnover reagent is reported. The reaction of monomeric H-B-9-BBN with nitriles leads to the hydrido-bridged diborylimine intermediate; a subsequent sequential double hydroboration-transborylation pathway involving B-N/B-H σ bond metathesis is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Pradhan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Raman Vijaya Sankar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Chidambaram Gunanathan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
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12
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Sieland B, Hoppe A, Stepen A, Paradies J. Frustrated Lewis pair‐catalyzed hydroboration of nitriles: FLP versus borenium catalysis. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Axel Hoppe
- Paderborn University Faculty of Science GERMANY
| | - Arne Stepen
- Paderborn University Faculty of Science GERMANY
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13
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Ataie S, Ovens JS, Tom Baker R. Solvent-free Zn (NSNO) complex-catalysed dihydroboration of nitriles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8266-8269. [PMID: 35788228 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03517k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-donors are the most commonly employed Lewis bases in ligand-assisted catalysis. A dimeric zinc complex (Zn-1) employing a tetradentate pyridine-thioether-anilido-aryloxide NSNO ligand (L) effects the quantitative conversion of nitriles to the corresponding double hydroborated products at 1 mol% catalyst loading. Variable Time Normalization Analysis kinetic studies showed a first-order dependence with respect to the nitrile, pinacolborane and zinc and clear evidence for catalyst deactivation. A plausible ligand-assisted reaction pathway involves B-H bond activation by the aryloxide (vs. anilido) donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ataie
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Jeffrey S Ovens
- Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - R Tom Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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14
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Rezaei Bazkiaei A, Findlater M, Gorden AEV. Applications of catalysis in hydroboration of imines, nitriles, and carbodiimides. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3675-3702. [PMID: 35451449 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00162d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic hydroboration of imines, nitriles, and carbodiimides is a powerful method of preparing amines which are key synthetic intermediates in the synthesis of many value-added products. Imine hydroboration has perennially featured in notable reports while nitrile and carbodiimide hydroboration have gained attention recently. Initial developments in catalytic hydroboration of imines and nitriles employed precious metals and typically required harsh reaction conditions. More recent advances have shifted toward the use of base metal and main group element catalysis and milder reaction conditions. In this survey, we review metal and nonmetal catalyzed hydroboration of these unsaturated organic molecules and group them into three distinct categories: precious metals, base metals, and main group catalysts. The TON and TOF of imine hydroboration catalysts are reported and summarized with a brief overview of recent advances in the field. Mechanistic and kinetic studies of some of these protocols are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adineh Rezaei Bazkiaei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.
| | - Michael Findlater
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, USA.
| | - Anne E V Gorden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.
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15
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Zou W, Gao L, Cao J, Li Z, Li G, Wang G, Li S. Mechanistic Insight into Hydroboration of Imines from Combined Computational and Experimental Studies. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104004. [PMID: 35018677 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Boron Lewis acid-catalyzed and catalyst-free hydroboration reactions of imines are attractive due to the mild reaction conditions. In this work, the mechanistic details of the hydroboration reactions of two different kinds of imines with pinacolborane (HBpin) are investigated by combining density functional theory calculations and some experimental studies. For the hydroboration reaction of N-(α-methylbenzylidene)aniline catalyzed by tris[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borane (BArF 3 ), our calculations show that the reaction proceeds through a boron Lewis acid-promoted hydride transfer mechanism rather than the classical Lewis acid activation mechanism. For the catalyst- and solvent-free hydroboration reaction of imine, N-benzylideneaniline, our calculations and experimental studies indicate that this reaction is difficult to occur under the reaction conditions reported previously. With a combination of computational and experimental studies, we have established that the commercially available BH3 ⋅ SMe2 can serve as an efficient catalyst for the hydroboration reactions of N-benzylideneaniline and similar imines. The hydroboration reactions catalyzed by BH3 ⋅ SMe2 are most likely to proceed through a hydroboration/B-H/B-N σ-bond metathesis pathway, which is very different from that of the reaction catalyzed by BArF 3 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentian Zou
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Liuzhou Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jia Cao
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Guoao Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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Elsby MR, Oh C, Son M, Kim SYH, Baik MH, Baker RT. Spin-state crossover in photo-catalyzed nitrile dihydroboration via Mn-thiolate cooperation. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12550-12559. [DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04339d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of a phosphine-free SNS-pincer ligand in metal–ligand cooperative hydroboration catalysis was investigated. The bifunctional thiolate donor and spin-state change to high-spin Mn are crucial to accessing low-energy activation barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Elsby
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Changjin Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Son
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Scott Y. H. Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - R. Tom Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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Peng J, Song Y, Wang Y, Liu Z, Chen X. Catalyst-Free Reductions of Nitriles to Amino-Boranes Using Sodium Amidoborane and Lithium Borohydride. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01904j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and facile method to reduce nitriles to amine-boranes was developed. Aromatic and aliphatic nitriles were readily reduced in the presense of both sodium amidoborane (NaAB) and LiBH4 at...
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18
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Geier SJ, Binder JF, Vogels CM, Watanabe LK, Macdonald CLB, Westcott SA. The hydroboration of α-diimines. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01025e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The uncatalyzed addition of catecholborane to α-diimines has been examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Geier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G8, Canada
| | - Justin F. Binder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Christopher M. Vogels
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G8, Canada
| | - Lara K. Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Charles L. B. Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Stephen A. Westcott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G8, Canada
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