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Pavlović RZ, Zhiquan L, Finnegan TJ, Waudby CA, Wang X, Gunawardana VWL, Zhu X, Wong CM, Hamby T, Moore CE, Hoefer N, McComb DW, Sevov CS, Badjić JD. Closed Aromatic Tubes-Capsularenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211304. [PMID: 35981224 PMCID: PMC9825917 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we describe a synthetic method for incorporating arenes into closed tubes that we name capsularenes. First, we prepared vase-shaped molecular baskets 4-7. The baskets comprise a benzene base fused to three bicycle[2.2.1]heptane rings that extend into phthalimide (4), naphthalimide (6), and anthraceneimide sides (7), each carrying a dimethoxyethane acetal group. In the presence of catalytic trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), the acetals at top of 4, 6 and 7 change into aliphatic aldehydes followed by their intramolecular cyclization into 1,3,5-trioxane (1 H NMR spectroscopy). Such ring closure is nearly a quantitative process that furnishes differently sized capsularenes 1 (0.7×0.9 nm), 8 (0.7×1.1 nm;) and 9 (0.7×1.4 nm;) characterized by X-Ray crystallography, microcrystal electron diffraction, UV/Vis, fluorescence, cyclic voltammetry, and thermogravimetry. With exceptional rigidity, unique topology, great thermal stability, and perhaps tuneable optoelectronic characteristics, capsularenes hold promise for the construction of novel organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslav Z. Pavlović
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Lei Zhiquan
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Tyler J. Finnegan
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | | | - Xiuze Wang
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | | | - Xingrong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Curt M. Wong
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Taylor Hamby
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Nicole Hoefer
- Center for Electron Microscopy and AnalysisThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - David W. McComb
- Center for Electron Microscopy and AnalysisThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA,Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Christo S. Sevov
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Jovica D. Badjić
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
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2
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Liu Z, Zhou Y, Yuan L. Hydrogen-bonded aromatic amide macrocycles: synthesis, properties and functions. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9023-9051. [PMID: 36128982 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01263d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a classic example of nearly planar cyclic compounds, hydrogen-bonded aromatic amide (H-bonded aramide) macrocycles, consisting of consecutive intramolecular hydrogen bonds and aromatic residues, receive considerable research attention due to their rich host-guest chemistry. This review provides a detailed summary of the synthesis, properties and functions of H-bonded aramide macrocycles and their derivatives. Herein, the constitutional patterns of these macrocycles are divided into two subcategories: interior hydrogen bonding motifs and exterior hydrogen bonding motifs. Based on these two motifs, we summarize the facile synthesis, self-assembly, host-guest interaction complexation of H-bonded aramide macrocycles and the resulting applications such as molecular recognition, artificial ion channels, soft materials, supramolecular catalysis, and artificial molecular machines. The development of H-bonded aramide macrocycles is still in its infancy, although a considerable number of examples have been reported. We hope that this review will provide useful information and unlock new opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejiang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Yidan Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Lihua Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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3
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Pavlović RZ, Zhiquan L, Finnegan TJ, Waudby CA, Wang X, Gunawardana VWL, Zhu X, Wong CM, Hamby T, Moore CE, Hoefer N, McComb DW, Sevov CS, Badjic JD. Closed Aromatic Tubes ‐ Capsularenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202211304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Zhiquan
- The Ohio State University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | | | - Xiuze Wang
- The Ohio State University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | - Xingrong Zhu
- The Ohio State University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Curt M. Wong
- The Ohio State University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Taylor Hamby
- The Ohio State University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- The Ohio State University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Nicole Hoefer
- The Ohio State University Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis UNITED STATES
| | - David W McComb
- The Ohio State University Material Science and Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Christo S. Sevov
- The Ohio State University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Jovica D Badjic
- Ohio State University Department of Chemistry 100 W. 18th Avenue 43210 Columbus UNITED STATES
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4
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Roy I, David AHG, Das PJ, Pe DJ, Stoddart JF. Fluorescent cyclophanes and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5557-5605. [PMID: 35704949 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00352b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
With the serendipitous discovery of crown ethers by Pedersen more than half a century ago and the subsequent introduction of host-guest chemistry and supramolecular chemistry by Cram and Lehn, respectively, followed by the design and synthesis of wholly synthetic cyclophanes-in particular, fluorescent cyclophanes, having rich structural characteristics and functions-have been the focus of considerable research activity during the past few decades. Cyclophanes with remarkable emissive properties have been investigated continuously over the years and employed in numerous applications across the field of science and technology. In this Review, we feature the recent developments in the chemistry of fluorescent cyclophanes, along with their design and synthesis. Their host-guest chemistry and applications related to their structure and properties are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Arthur H G David
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Partha Jyoti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - David J Pe
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA. .,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310021, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou, 311215, China
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5
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Yao C, Kauffmann B, Huc I, Ferrand Y. Self-assembling figure-of-eight and pseudoplectoneme aromatic oligoamide ribbons. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5789-5792. [PMID: 35466334 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01696f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two oligoamide macrocycles composed of eight and twelve 7-amino-8-fluoro-2-quinolinecarboxylic acid monomers were synthesised despite the propensity of their acyclic precursors to fold and self-assemble into double helices. Macrocyclisations were made possible through the transient use of helicity disruptors. The resulting macrocyclic ribbons were found to adopt figure-of-eight and pseudoplectoneme shapes that maintain an ability to self-assemble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Yao
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, CBMN UMR 5248, 2 rue Escarpit, 33600 Pessac, France.
| | - Brice Kauffmann
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Européen de Chimie Biologie (UMS3033/US001), 2 rue Escarpit, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Ivan Huc
- Department Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence e-conversion, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Yann Ferrand
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, CBMN UMR 5248, 2 rue Escarpit, 33600 Pessac, France.
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6
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Urushibara K, Ferrand Y, Liu Z, Katagiri K, Kawahata M, Morvan E, D'Elia R, Pophristic V, Tanatani A, Huc I. Accessing Improbable Foldamer Shapes with Strained Macrocycles. Chemistry 2021; 27:11205-11215. [PMID: 33905165 PMCID: PMC8453500 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The alkylation of some secondary amide functions with a dimethoxybenzyl (DMB) group in oligomers of 8-amino-2-quinolinecarboxylic acid destabilizes the otherwise favored helical conformations, and allows for cyclization to take place. A cyclic hexamer and a cyclic heptamer were produced in this manner. After DMB removal, X-ray crystallography and NMR show that the macrocycles adopt strained conformations that would be improbable in noncyclic species. The high helix folding propensity of the main chain is partly expressed in these conformations, but it remains frustrated by macrocyclization. Despite being homomeric, the macrocycles possess inequivalent monomer units. Experimental and computational studies highlight specific fluxional pathways within these structures. Extensive simulated annealing molecular dynamics allow for the prediction of the conformations for larger macrocycles with up to sixteen monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Urushibara
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceOchanomizu University2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-kuTokyo112-8610Japan
- CBMN (UMR 5248)Université de BordeauxCNRSBordeaux Institut National Polytechnique2 rue Robert Escarpit33600PessacFrance
| | - Yann Ferrand
- CBMN (UMR 5248)Université de BordeauxCNRSBordeaux Institut National Polytechnique2 rue Robert Escarpit33600PessacFrance
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of the Sciences600 South 43rd StreetPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Kosuke Katagiri
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Science and EngineeringKonan University8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada-kuKobe658-8501Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kawahata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesShowa Pharmaceutical University3-3165 Higashi-TamagawagakuenMachidaTokyo194-8543Japan
| | - Estelle Morvan
- IECB (UMS3033/US001)Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM2 rue Robert Escarpit33600PessacFrance
| | - Ryan D'Elia
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of the Sciences600 South 43rd StreetPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Vojislava Pophristic
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of the Sciences600 South 43rd StreetPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Aya Tanatani
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceOchanomizu University2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-kuTokyo112-8610Japan
| | - Ivan Huc
- CBMN (UMR 5248)Université de BordeauxCNRSBordeaux Institut National Polytechnique2 rue Robert Escarpit33600PessacFrance
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for Integrated Protein ScienceLudwig-Maximilians-UniversitätButenandtstr. 5–1381377MünchenGermany
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7
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Mirzaei S, Castro E, Hernández Sánchez R. Conjugated Molecular Nanotubes. Chemistry 2021; 27:8642-8655. [PMID: 33780560 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Molecular compounds with permanent tubular architectures displaying radial π-conjugation are exceedingly rare. Their radial and axial delocalization presents them with unique optical and electronic properties, such as remarkable tuning of their Stokes shifts, and redox switching between global and local aromaticity. Although these tubular compounds display large internal void spaces, these attributes have not been extensively explored, thus presenting future opportunities in the development of materials. By using cutting-edge synthetic methodologies to bend aromatic surfaces, large opportunities in synthesis, property discovery, and applications are expected in new members of this family of conjugated molecular nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry, Dietrich School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Edison Castro
- Department of Chemistry, Dietrich School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Raúl Hernández Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, Dietrich School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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9
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Hossain MM, Mirzaei MS, Lindeman SV, Mirzaei S, Rathore R. π-Extended dibenzo[ g, p]chrysenes. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00068c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two different series of π-extended dibenzo[g,p]chrysenes are synthesized. The experimental and DFT data showed the significant effects of both position and substituent on the optoelectronic and charge delocalization behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Saeed Mirzaei
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Razi University
- Kermanshah
- Iran
| | | | - Saber Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
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10
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Abstract
Molecular compounds with zigzag carbon nanotube geometries are exceedingly rare. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of carbon-based nanotubes with zigzag geometry, best described as radially oriented [n]cyclo-meta-phenylenes, extending the tubularene family of compounds. By the incorporation of edge-sharing benzene rings into the tubularene's radial π-surface, we have uncovered the first step to give rise to the emergence of radial orbital distribution in zigzag nanorings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison Castro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Saber Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Raúl Hernández Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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11
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Boddeda A, Hossain MM, Mirzaei MS, Lindeman SV, Mirzaei S, Rathore R. Angular ladder-type meta-phenylenes: synthesis and electronic structural analysis. Org Chem Front 2020; 7:3215-3222. [PMID: 33796320 PMCID: PMC8009403 DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00924e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of two new series of angular (all-syn) ladder-type meta-[n]phenylenes (LMP, n = 3-8). One series contains keto groups at the termini bridges, denoted angular keto (AKn), the second contains alkyl groups at all bridge sp3 carbons, denoted angular alkyl (AAn). Their electronic and structural properties were delineated by a combination of electrochemistry and spectroscopic (UV-Vis and emission) methods and further supported by DFT calculations. Interestingly, experimental and DFT data show that changing the bridging group at the termini from alkyl (AAn) to keto (AKn) gives an increase in the first reduction potentials and LUMO energies, as the π-system is extended. Also, the charge (de)localization behavior is different for these two species; while the AAn compounds stablize charge with Robin-Day class III, the AKn compounds show a clear switch from class III to class II. In comparison with the linear analogues (LKn and LAn), DFT results reveal a shape independency of the charge (de)localization mechanism in acceptor-π-acceptor series (AKn/LKn).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Boddeda
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1414, United States
| | | | - M Saeed Mirzaei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sergey V Lindeman
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1414, United States
| | - Saber Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Rajendra Rathore
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1414, United States
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