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Zheng R, Zhang L, Parvin R, Su L, Chi J, Shi K, Ye F, Huang X. Progress and Perspective of CRISPR-Cas9 Technology in Translational Medicine. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300195. [PMID: 37356052 PMCID: PMC10477906 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Translational medicine aims to improve human health by exploring potential treatment methods developed during basic scientific research and applying them to the treatment of patients in clinical settings. The advanced perceptions of gene functions have remarkably revolutionized clinical treatment strategies for target agents. However, the progress in gene editing therapy has been hindered due to the severe off-target effects and limited editing sites. Fortunately, the development in the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) system has renewed hope for gene therapy field. The CRISPR-Cas9 system can fulfill various simple or complex purposes, including gene knockout, knock-in, activation, interference, base editing, and sequence detection. Accordingly, the CRISPR-Cas9 system is adaptable to translational medicine, which calls for the alteration of genomic sequences. This review aims to present the latest CRISPR-Cas9 technology achievements and prospect to translational medicine advances. The principle and characterization of the CRISPR-Cas9 system are firstly introduced. The authors then focus on recent pre-clinical and clinical research directions, including the construction of disease models, disease-related gene screening and regulation, and disease treatment and diagnosis for multiple refractory diseases. Finally, some clinical challenges including off-target effects, in vivo vectors, and ethical problems, and future perspective are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixuan Zheng
- Joint Centre of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Division of Pulmonary MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
| | - Lexiang Zhang
- Joint Centre of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative MedicineVision and Brain Health); Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
| | - Rokshana Parvin
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative MedicineVision and Brain Health); Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
| | - Lihuang Su
- Joint Centre of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Division of Pulmonary MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
| | - Junjie Chi
- Joint Centre of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
| | - Keqing Shi
- Joint Centre of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Joint Centre of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative MedicineVision and Brain Health); Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Joint Centre of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Division of Pulmonary MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
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Design and synthesis of DNA hydrogel based on EXPAR and CRISPR/Cas14a for ultrasensitive detection of creatine kinase MB. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 218:114792. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Huang K, Zapata D, Tang Y, Teng Y, Li Y. In vivo delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing components for therapeutic applications. Biomaterials 2022; 291:121876. [PMID: 36334354 PMCID: PMC10018374 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Since its mechanism discovery in 2012 and the first application for mammalian genome editing in 2013, CRISPR-Cas9 has revolutionized the genome engineering field and created countless opportunities in both basic science and translational medicine. The first clinical trial of CRISPR therapeutics was initiated in 2016, which employed ex vivo CRISPR-Cas9 edited PD-1 knockout T cells for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. So far there have been dozens of clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov in regard to using the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing as the main intervention for therapeutic applications; however, most of these studies use ex vivo genome editing approach, and only a few apply the in vivo editing strategy. Compared to ex vivo editing, in vivo genome editing bypasses tedious procedures related to cell isolation, maintenance, selection, and transplantation. It is also applicable to a wide range of diseases and disorders. The main obstacles to the successful translation of in vivo therapeutic genome editing include the lack of safe and efficient delivery system and safety concerns resulting from the off-target effects. In this review, we highlight the therapeutic applications of in vivo genome editing mediated by the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Following a brief introduction of the history, biology, and functionality of CRISPR-Cas9, we showcase a series of exemplary studies in regard to the design and implementation of in vivo genome editing systems that target the brain, inner ear, eye, heart, liver, lung, muscle, skin, immune system, and tumor. Current challenges and opportunities in the field of CRISPR-enabled therapeutic in vivo genome editing are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Daniel Zapata
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Yan Tang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Yamin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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Gao F, Yin J, Chen Y, Guo C, Hu H, Su J. Recent advances in aptamer-based targeted drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:972933. [PMID: 36051580 PMCID: PMC9424825 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.972933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has become an important strategy in precision medicine for the targeted therapy of many diseases, expecially various types of cancer. As a promising targeted element, nucleic acid aptamers are single-stranded functional oligonucleotides which have specific abilities to bind with various target molecules ranging from small molecules to entire organisms. They are often named ‘chemical antibody’ and have aroused extensive interest in diverse clinical studies on account of their advantages, such as considerable biostability, versatile chemical modification, low immunogenicity and quick tissue penetration. Thus, aptamer-embedded drug delivery systems offer an unprecedented opportunity in bioanalysis and biomedicine. In this short review, we endeavor to discuss the recent advances in aptamer-based targeted drug delivery platforms for cancer therapy. Some perspectives on the advantages, challenges and opportunities are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Institude of Translation Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Yin
- Institude of Translation Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Changyong Guo
- Institude of Translation Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Honggang Hu
- Institude of Translation Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jiacan Su, ; Honggang Hu,
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institude of Translation Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jiacan Su, ; Honggang Hu,
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Bhattacharjee R, Nandi A, Mitra P, Saha K, Patel P, Jha E, Panda PK, Singh SK, Dutt A, Mishra YK, Verma SK, Suar M. Theragnostic application of nanoparticle and CRISPR against food-borne multi-drug resistant pathogens. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100291. [PMID: 35711292 PMCID: PMC9194658 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne infection is one of the leading sources of infections spreading across the world. Foodborne pathogens are recognized as multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens posing a significant problem in the food industry and healthy consumers resulting in enhanced economic burden, and nosocomial infections. The continued search for enhanced microbial detection tools has piqued the interest of the CRISPR-Cas system and Nanoparticles. CRISPR-Cas system is present in the bacterial genome of some prokaryotes and is repurposed as a theragnostic tool against MDR pathogens. Nanoparticles and composites have also emerged as an efficient tool in theragnostic applications against MDR pathogens. The diagnostic limitations of the CRISPR-Cas system are believed to be overcome by a synergistic combination of the nanoparticles system and CRISPR-Cas using nanoparticles as vehicles. In this review, we have discussed the diagnostic application of CRISPR-Cas technologies along with their potential usage in applications like phage resistance, phage vaccination, strain typing, genome editing, and antimicrobial. we have also elucidated the antimicrobial and detection role of nanoparticles against foodborne MDR pathogens. Moreover, the novel combinatorial approach of CRISPR-Cas and nanoparticles for their synergistic effects in pathogen clearance and drug delivery vehicles has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhattacharjee
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Aditya Nandi
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Priya Mitra
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Koustav Saha
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Paritosh Patel
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ealisha Jha
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sushil Kumar Singh
- DBT- NECAB, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agriculture University, Jorhat, 785013, Assam, India
| | - Ateet Dutt
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, UNAM, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, DK-6400, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Suresh K. Verma
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Xu Z, Wang Q, Zhong H, Jiang Y, Shi X, Yuan B, Yu N, Zhang S, Yuan X, Guo S, Yang Y. Carrier strategies boost the application of CRISPR/Cas system in gene therapy. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2022; 2:20210081. [PMID: 37323878 PMCID: PMC10190933 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Emerging clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) genome editing technology shows great potential in gene therapy. However, proteins and nucleic acids suffer from enzymatic degradation in the physiological environment and low permeability into cells. Exploiting carriers to protect the CRISPR system from degradation, enhance its targeting of specific tissues and cells, and reduce its immunogenicity is essential to stimulate its clinical applications. Here, the authors review the state-of-the-art CRISPR delivery systems and their applications, and describe strategies to improve the safety and efficacy of CRISPR mediated genome editing, categorized by three types of cargo formats, that is, Cas: single-guide RNA ribonucleoprotein, Cas mRNA and single-guide RNA, and Cas plasmid expressing CRISPR/Cas systems. The authors hope this review will help develop safe and efficient nanomaterial-based carriers for CRISPR tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunkai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Qingnan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CenterChengduChina
| | - Haiping Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yaoyao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xiaoguang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Bo Yuan
- School of MedicineNankai UniversityTianjinChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceTianjin Eye InstituteTianjin Eye HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Na Yu
- Translational Medicine CenterKey Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Second Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shubiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of EducationDalian Minzu UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xiaoyong Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceTianjin Eye InstituteTianjin Eye HospitalTianjinChina
- Clinical College of OphthalmologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Shutao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CenterChengduChina
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Wei S, Shao X, Liu Y, Xiong B, Cui P, Liu Z, Li Q. Genome editing of PD-L1 mediated by nucleobase-modified polyamidoamine for cancer immunotherapy. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:1291-1300. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02688g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade therapy against programmed death protein-1 and its ligand (PD-1/PD-L1) has been accepted as a promising approach to activate the immune system's anti-tumor response. Although small interfering RNA...
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Photoactivatable nanoCRISPR/Cas9 System Based on crRNA Reversibly Immobilized on Carbon Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010919. [PMID: 34681578 PMCID: PMC8539621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we proposed a new approach to engineering a photoactivatable CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system. The novel nanoCRISPR/Cas9 system is based on the use of auxiliary photocleavable oligodeoxyribonucleotides (PC-DNAs) complementary to crRNA. PC-DNAs contained up to three UV-sensitive linkers made of 1-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,2-ethanediol inside the oligonucleotide chain. Immobilizing PC-DNAs on the surface of carbon nanoparticles through 3′-terminal pyrene residue provided sufficient blocking of crRNA (and corresponding Cas9 activity) before UV irradiation and allows for crRNA release after UV irradiation at 365 nm, which restores Cas9 activity. We optimized the length of blocking photocleavable oligonucleotide, number of linkers, time of irradiation, and the type of carbon nanoparticles. Based on the results, we consider the nanoCRISPR/Cas9 system involving carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles the most promising. It provides the greatest difference of functional activity before/after irradiation and can be used in prospective for magnetic field-controlled delivery of CRISPR system into the target cells or tissues and spatiotemporal gene editing induced by UV irradiation.
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Kumar R, Santa Chalarca CF, Bockman MR, Bruggen CV, Grimme CJ, Dalal RJ, Hanson MG, Hexum JK, Reineke TM. Polymeric Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11527-11652. [PMID: 33939409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advent of genome editing has transformed the therapeutic landscape for several debilitating diseases, and the clinical outlook for gene therapeutics has never been more promising. The therapeutic potential of nucleic acids has been limited by a reliance on engineered viral vectors for delivery. Chemically defined polymers can remediate technological, regulatory, and clinical challenges associated with viral modes of gene delivery. Because of their scalability, versatility, and exquisite tunability, polymers are ideal biomaterial platforms for delivering nucleic acid payloads efficiently while minimizing immune response and cellular toxicity. While polymeric gene delivery has progressed significantly in the past four decades, clinical translation of polymeric vehicles faces several formidable challenges. The aim of our Account is to illustrate diverse concepts in designing polymeric vectors towards meeting therapeutic goals of in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy. Here, we highlight several classes of polymers employed in gene delivery and summarize the recent work on understanding the contributions of chemical and architectural design parameters. We touch upon characterization methods used to visualize and understand events transpiring at the interfaces between polymer, nucleic acids, and the physiological environment. We conclude that interdisciplinary approaches and methodologies motivated by fundamental questions are key to designing high-performing polymeric vehicles for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Matthew R Bockman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Craig Van Bruggen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christian J Grimme
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rishad J Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mckenna G Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph K Hexum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Xie S, Ai L, Cui C, Fu T, Cheng X, Qu F, Tan W. Functional Aptamer-Embedded Nanomaterials for Diagnostics and Therapeutics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:9542-9560. [PMID: 33595277 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, various nanomaterials with unique properties have been explored for bioapplications. Meanwhile, aptamers, generated from the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment technology, are becoming an indispensable element in the design of functional nanomaterials because of their small size, high stability, and convenient modification, especially endowing nanomaterials with recognition capability to specific targets. Therefore, the incorporation of aptamers into nanomaterials offers an unprecedented opportunity in the research fields of diagnostics and therapeutics. Here, we focus on recent advances in aptamer-embedded nanomaterials for bioapplications. First, we briefly introduce the properties of nanomaterials that can be functionalized with aptamers. Then, the applications of aptamer-embedded nanomaterials in cellular analysis, imaging, targeted drug delivery, gene editing, and cancer diagnosis/therapy are discussed. Finally, we provide some perspectives on the challenges and opportunities that have arisen from this promising area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitao Xie
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Ai
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Cui
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Ting Fu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangdong Cheng
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengli Qu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical, Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Weihong Tan
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang, China
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, P. R. China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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Karapurkar JK, Antao AM, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. CRISPR-Cas9 based genome editing for defective gene correction in humans and other mammals. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 181:185-229. [PMID: 34127194 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9), derived from bacterial and archean immune systems, has received much attention from the scientific community as a powerful, targeted gene editing tool. The CRISPR/Cas9 system enables a simple, relatively effortless and highly specific gene targeting strategy through temporary or permanent genome regulation or editing. This endonuclease has enabled gene correction by taking advantage of the endogenous homology directed repair (HDR) pathway to successfully target and correct disease-causing gene mutations. Numerous studies using CRISPR support the promise of efficient and simple genome manipulation, and the technique has been validated in in vivo and in vitro experiments, indicating its potential for efficient gene correction at any genomic loci. In this chapter, we detailed various strategies related to gene editing using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We also outlined strategies to improve the efficiency of gene correction via the HDR pathway and to improve viral and non-viral mediated gene delivery methods, with an emphasis on their therapeutic potential for correcting genetic disorder in humans and other mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ainsley Mike Antao
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Boucher P, Cui X, Curiel DT. Adenoviral vectors for in vivo delivery of CRISPR-Cas gene editors. J Control Release 2020; 327:788-800. [PMID: 32891680 PMCID: PMC8091654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Harnessing the bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system for genome editing in eukaryotes has revolutionized basic biomedical research and translational sciences. The ability to create targeted alterations of the genome through this easy to design system has presented unprecedented opportunities to treat inherited disorders and other diseases such as cancer through gene therapy. A major hurdle is the lack of an efficient and safe in vivo delivery system, limiting most of the current gene therapy efforts to ex vivo editing of extracted cells. Here we discuss the unique features of adenoviral vectors that enable tissue specific and efficient delivery of the CRISPR-Cas machinery for in vivo genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Boucher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Cui
- Genome Engineering & iPSC Center, Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David T Curiel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Biologic Therapeutics Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Gong J, Wang HX, Lao YH, Hu H, Vatan N, Guo J, Ho TC, Huang D, Li M, Shao D, Leong KW. A Versatile Nonviral Delivery System for Multiplex Gene-Editing in the Liver. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003537. [PMID: 33053221 PMCID: PMC8274731 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in CRISPR present attractive genome-editing toolsets for therapeutic strategies at the genetic level. Here, a liposome-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticle (lipoMSN) is reported as an effective CRISPR delivery system for multiplex gene-editing in the liver. The MSN provides efficient loading of Cas9 plasmid as well as Cas9 protein/guide RNA ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP), while liposome-coating offers improved serum stability and enhanced cell uptake. Hypothesizing that loss-of-function mutation in the lipid-metabolism-related genes pcsk9, apoc3, and angptl3 would improve cardiovascular health by lowering blood cholesterol and triglycerides, the lipoMSN is used to deliver a combination of RNPs targeting these genes. When targeting a single gene, the lipoMSN achieved a 54% gene-editing efficiency, besting the state-of-art Lipofectamine CRISPRMax. For multiplexing, lipoMSN maintained significant gene-editing at each gene target despite reduced dosage of target-specific RNP. By delivering combinations of targeting RNPs in the same nanoparticle, synergistic effects on lipid metabolism are observed in vitro and vivo. These effects, such as a 50% decrease in serum cholesterol after 4 weeks of post-treatment with lipoMSN carrying both pcsk9 and angptl3-targeted RNPs, could not be reached with a single gene-editing approach. Taken together, this lipoMSN represents a versatile platform for the development of efficient, combinatorial gene-editing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Hong-Xia Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Yeh-Hsing Lao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Hanze Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Naazanene Vatan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Jonathan Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Tzu-Chieh Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Dantong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Dan Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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14
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Sensing through Non-Sensing Ocular Ion Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186925. [PMID: 32967234 PMCID: PMC7554890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are membrane-spanning integral proteins expressed in multiple organs, including the eye. In the eye, ion channels are involved in various physiological processes, like signal transmission and visual processing. A wide range of mutations have been reported in the corresponding genes and their interacting subunit coding genes, which contribute significantly to an array of blindness, termed ocular channelopathies. These mutations result in either a loss- or gain-of channel functions affecting the structure, assembly, trafficking, and localization of channel proteins. A dominant-negative effect is caused in a few channels formed by the assembly of several subunits that exist as homo- or heteromeric proteins. Here, we review the role of different mutations in switching a “sensing” ion channel to “non-sensing,” leading to ocular channelopathies like Leber’s congenital amaurosis 16 (LCA16), cone dystrophy, congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB), achromatopsia, bestrophinopathies, retinitis pigmentosa, etc. We also discuss the various in vitro and in vivo disease models available to investigate the impact of mutations on channel properties, to dissect the disease mechanism, and understand the pathophysiology. Innovating the potential pharmacological and therapeutic approaches and their efficient delivery to the eye for reversing a “non-sensing” channel to “sensing” would be life-changing.
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