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Liu C, Guan C, Li Y, Li Z, Wang Y, Han G. Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of Common Oral Diseases. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38366356 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2315112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Limiting and preventing oral diseases remains a major challenge to the health of populations around the world, so finding ways to detect early-stage diseases (e.g., caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancer) and aiding in their prevention has always been an important clinical treatment concept. The development and application of electrochemical detection technology can provide important support for the early detection and non-invasive diagnosis of oral diseases and make up for the shortcomings of traditional diagnostic methods, which are highly sensitive, non-invasive, cost-effective, and less labor-intensive. It detects specific disease markers in body fluids through electrochemical reactions, discovers early warning signals of diseases, and realizes rapid and reliable diagnosis. This paper comprehensively summarizes the development and application of electrochemical biosensors in the detection and diagnosis of common oral diseases in terms of application platforms, sensing types, and disease detection, and discusses the challenges faced by electrochemical biosensors in the detection of oral diseases as well as the great prospects for future applications, in the hope of providing important insights for the future development of electrochemical biosensors for the early detection of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Liu
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changjun Guan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guanghong Han
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Lou C, Yang H, Hou Y, Huang H, Qiu J, Wang C, Sang Y, Liu H, Han L. Microfluidic Platforms for Real-Time In Situ Monitoring of Biomarkers for Cellular Processes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307051. [PMID: 37844125 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Cellular processes are mechanisms carried out at the cellular level that are aimed at guaranteeing the stability of the organism they comprise. The investigation of cellular processes is key to understanding cell fate, understanding pathogenic mechanisms, and developing new therapeutic technologies. Microfluidic platforms are thought to be the most powerful tools among all methodologies for investigating cellular processes because they can integrate almost all types of the existing intracellular and extracellular biomarker-sensing methods and observation approaches for cell behavior, combined with precisely controlled cell culture, manipulation, stimulation, and analysis. Most importantly, microfluidic platforms can realize real-time in situ detection of secreted proteins, exosomes, and other biomarkers produced during cell physiological processes, thereby providing the possibility to draw the whole picture for a cellular process. Owing to their advantages of high throughput, low sample consumption, and precise cell control, microfluidic platforms with real-time in situ monitoring characteristics are widely being used in cell analysis, disease diagnosis, pharmaceutical research, and biological production. This review focuses on the basic concepts, recent progress, and application prospects of microfluidic platforms for real-time in situ monitoring of biomarkers in cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Hongru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Ying Hou
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (IAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Haina Huang
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (IAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Jichuan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (IAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhua Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (IAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, P. R. China
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An QQ, Feng XZ, Zhan T, Cheng YY, Han GC, Chen Z, Kraatz HB. A simple synthesis of a core-shell structure PPy-Au nanocomposite for immunosensing of C-reactive protein. Talanta 2024; 267:125158. [PMID: 37683320 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is an inflammatory biomarker and can accurately predict the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We synthesized a core-shell structure PPy-Au nanocomposite in situ by chemically oxidizing pyrrole (Py) with HAuCl4 and the produced Au nanoparticles realized the doping in the polymerization. Analysis of morphology and energy spectrum as well as electrochemical characterization confirmed the successful one-pot synthesis. The conductive polymers with porous structure provide abundant sites for anti-CRP binding and effectively enhanced the sensitivity of the label-free BSA/anti-CRP/PPy-Au/GCE immunosensor. Its analytical performance was observed using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), with a linear range from 0.0005 to 60 μg mL-1 and a detection limit of 0.17 ng mL-1. The platform demonstrated satisfactory selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. To validate its clinical application, we detected CRP in human serum samples with a recovery rate of 101.00-105.95% and investigated the consistency of the developed method and immunoturbidimetry with a deviation between -1.2% and +3.2%, suggesting great potential for use in point-of-care testing (POCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Qi An
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Feng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Tao Zhan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Yun-Yun Cheng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Guo-Cheng Han
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Zhencheng Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.
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Cheng YY, Feng XZ, Zhan T, An QQ, Han GC, Chen Z, Kraatz HB. A facile indole probe for ultrasensitive immunosensor fabrication toward C-reactive protein sensing. Talanta 2023; 262:124696. [PMID: 37244246 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a protein biomarker for acute phase response. Herein, we fabricate a highly sensitive electrochemical immunosensor for CRP on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with indole as a novel electrochemical probe and Au nanoparticles for signal amplification. Amongst, indole appeared as transparent nanofilms on the electrode surface, and underwent a one-electron and one-proton transfer to form oxindole during the oxidation process. Upon optimization of experimental conditions, a logarithmic correlation between CRP concentration (0.0001-100 μg∙mL-1) and response current was revealed with a detection limit of 0.03 ng∙mL-1 and a sensitivity of 5.7055 μA∙μg-1∙mL∙cm-2. The sensor exhibited exceptionally distinction selectivity, reproducibility and stability of the electrochemical immunosensor studied. The recovery rate of CRP in human serum samples determined by the standard addition method, ranged between 98.2-102.2%. Overall, the developed immunosensor is promising, and has the potential for CRP detection in real human serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yun Cheng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Feng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Tao Zhan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Qi-Qi An
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Guo-Cheng Han
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Zhencheng Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.
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Nimbkar S, Leena MM, Moses JA, Anandharamakrishnan C. Microfluidic assessment of nutritional biomarkers: Concepts, approaches and advances. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5113-5127. [PMID: 36503314 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2150597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Among various approaches to understand the health status of an individual, nutritional biomarkers can provide valuable information, particularly in terms of deficiencies, if any, and their severity. Commonly, the approach revolves around molecular sciences, and the information gained can support prognosis, diagnosis, remediation, and impact assessment of therapies. Microfluidic platforms can offer benefits of low sample and reagent requirements, low cost, high precision, and lower detection limits, with simplicity in handling and the provision for complete automation and integration with information and communication technologies (ICTs). While several advances are being made, this work details the underlying concepts, with emphasis on different point-of-care devices for the analysis of macro and micronutrient biomarkers. In addition, the scope of using different wearable microfluidic sensors for real-time and noninvasive determination of biomarkers is detailed. While several challenges remain, a strong focus is given on recent advances, presenting the state-of-the-art of this field. With more such biomarkers being discovered and commercialization-driven research, trends indicate the wide prospects of this advancing field in supporting clinicians, food technologists, nutritionists, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Nimbkar
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Maria Leena
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeyan Arthur Moses
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chinnaswamy Anandharamakrishnan
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Pal M, Muinao T, Parihar A, Roy DK, Boruah HPD, Mahindroo N, Khan R. Biosensors based detection of novel biomarkers associated with COVID-19: Current progress and future promise. BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS: X 2022; 12:100281. [PMID: 36405494 PMCID: PMC9661549 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2022.100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic situation of COVID-19 has caused global alarm in health care, devastating loss of lives, strangled economy, and paralysis of normal livelihood. The high inter-individual transmission rate created havoc in the global community. Although tremendous efforts are pitching in from across the globe to understand this disease, the clinical features seemed to have a wide range including fever, cough, and fatigue are the prominent features. Congestion, rhinorrhea, sore throat, and diarrhea are other less common features observed. The challenge of this disease lies in the difficulty in maneuvering the clinical course causing severe complications. One of the major causative factors for multi-organ failure in patients with severe COVID-19 complications is systemic vasculitis and cytokine-mediated coagulation disorders. Hence, effective markers trailing the disease severity and disease prognosis are urgently required for prompt medical treatment. In this review article, we have emphasized currently identified inflammatory, hematological, immunological, and biochemical biomarkers of COVID-19. We also discussed currently available biosensors for the detection of COVID-19-associated biomarkers & risk factors and the detection methods as well as their performances. These could be effective tools for rapid and more promising diagnoses in the current pandemic situation. Effective biomarkers and their rapid, scalable, & sensitive detection might be beneficial for the prevention of serious complications and the clinical management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mintu Pal
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NEIST Campus, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India
| | - Thingreila Muinao
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NEIST Campus, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - Arpana Parihar
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, 462026, MP, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, JIS University, Kolkata, 700109, India
| | - Hari Prasanna Deka Boruah
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NEIST Campus, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
- Government Model College, Kaziranga, Golaghat, Assam, 785609, India
| | - Neeraj Mahindroo
- School of Pharmacy, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411038, India
| | - Raju Khan
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, 462026, MP, India
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Mou L, Mandal K, Mecwan MM, Hernandez AL, Maity S, Sharma S, Herculano RD, Kawakita S, Jucaud V, Dokmeci MR, Khademhosseini A. Integrated biosensors for monitoring microphysiological systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3801-3816. [PMID: 36074812 PMCID: PMC9635816 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00262k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPSs), also known as organ-on-a-chip models, aim to recapitulate the functional components of human tissues or organs in vitro. Over the last decade, with the advances in biomaterials, 3D bioprinting, and microfluidics, numerous MPSs have emerged with applications to study diseased and healthy tissue models. Various organs have been modeled using MPS technology, such as the heart, liver, lung, and blood-brain barrier. An important aspect of in vitro modeling is the accurate phenotypical and functional characterization of the modeled organ. However, most conventional characterization methods are invasive and destructive and do not allow continuous monitoring of the cells in culture. On the other hand, microfluidic biosensors enable in-line, real-time sensing of target molecules with an excellent limit of detection and in a non-invasive manner, thereby effectively overcoming the limitation of the traditional techniques. Consequently, microfluidic biosensors have been increasingly integrated into MPSs and used for in-line target detection. This review discusses the state-of-the-art microfluidic biosensors by providing specific examples, detailing their main advantages in monitoring MPSs, and highlighting current developments in this field. Finally, we describe the remaining challenges and potential future developments to advance the current state-of-the-art in integrated microfluidic biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Mou
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Kalpana Mandal
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Marvin Magan Mecwan
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Ana Lopez Hernandez
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Surjendu Maity
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Rondinelli Donizetti Herculano
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Satoru Kawakita
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Konoplev G, Agafonova D, Bakhchova L, Mukhin N, Kurachkina M, Schmidt MP, Verlov N, Sidorov A, Oseev A, Stepanova O, Kozyrev A, Dmitriev A, Hirsch S. Label-Free Physical Techniques and Methodologies for Proteins Detection in Microfluidic Biosensor Structures. Biomedicines 2022; 10:207. [PMID: 35203416 PMCID: PMC8868674 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins in biological fluids (blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid) are important biomarkers of various pathological conditions. Protein biomarkers detection and quantification have been proven to be an indispensable diagnostic tool in clinical practice. There is a growing tendency towards using portable diagnostic biosensor devices for point-of-care (POC) analysis based on microfluidic technology as an alternative to conventional laboratory protein assays. In contrast to universally accepted analytical methods involving protein labeling, label-free approaches often allow the development of biosensors with minimal requirements for sample preparation by omitting expensive labelling reagents. The aim of the present work is to review the variety of physical label-free techniques of protein detection and characterization which are suitable for application in micro-fluidic structures and analyze the technological and material aspects of label-free biosensors that implement these methods. The most widely used optical and impedance spectroscopy techniques: absorption, fluorescence, surface plasmon resonance, Raman scattering, and interferometry, as well as new trends in photonics are reviewed. The challenges of materials selection, surfaces tailoring in microfluidic structures, and enhancement of the sensitivity and miniaturization of biosensor systems are discussed. The review provides an overview for current advances and future trends in microfluidics integrated technologies for label-free protein biomarkers detection and discusses existing challenges and a way towards novel solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgii Konoplev
- Faculty of Electronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Darina Agafonova
- Faculty of Electronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Liubov Bakhchova
- Institute for Automation Technology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Nikolay Mukhin
- Faculty of Electronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.K.)
- Department of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Brandenburg, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany; (M.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Marharyta Kurachkina
- Department of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Brandenburg, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany; (M.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Marc-Peter Schmidt
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Nikolay Verlov
- Molecular and Radiation Biophysics Division, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov, National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, 188300 Gatchina, Russia;
| | - Alexander Sidorov
- Faculty of Electronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.K.)
- Fuculty of Photonics, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Oseev
- FEMTO-ST Institute, CNRS UMR-6174, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France;
| | - Oksana Stepanova
- Faculty of Electronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Andrey Kozyrev
- Faculty of Electronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.); (A.S.); (O.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexander Dmitriev
- Department of Ecological Physiology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine” (FSBSI “IEM”), 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Soeren Hirsch
- Department of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Brandenburg, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany; (M.K.); (S.H.)
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Lin L, Chung CK. PDMS Microfabrication and Design for Microfluidics and Sustainable Energy Application: Review. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1350. [PMID: 34832762 PMCID: PMC8625467 DOI: 10.3390/mi12111350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is popular for wide application in various fields of microfluidics, microneedles, biology, medicine, chemistry, optics, electronics, architecture, and emerging sustainable energy due to the intrinsic non-toxic, transparent, flexible, stretchable, biocompatible, hydrophobic, insulating, and negative triboelectric properties that meet different requirements. For example, the flexibility, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, good stability, and high transparency make PDMS a good candidate for the material selection of microfluidics, microneedles, biomedical, and chemistry microchips as well as for optical examination and wearable electronics. However, the hydrophobic surface and post-surface-treatment hydrophobic recovery impede the development of self-driven capillary microchips. How to develop a long-term hydrophilicity treatment for PDMS is crucial for capillary-driven microfluidics-based application. The dual-tone PDMS-to-PDMS casting for concave-and-convex microstructure without stiction is important for simplifying the process integration. The emerging triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) uses the transparent flexible PDMS as the high negative triboelectric material to make friction with metals or other positive-triboelectric material for harvesting sustainably mechanical energy. The morphology of PDMS is related to TENG performance. This review will address the above issues in terms of PDMS microfabrication and design for the efficient micromixer, microreactor, capillary pump, microneedles, and TENG for more practical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen-Kuei Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Core Facility Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
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