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Guo H, Zhang H, Sun T, Wang X, Gong P. Research on Key Technologies of Dual-Light-Type Photoelectric Colorimetric Method for Phosphate Determination. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:821. [PMID: 39064332 PMCID: PMC11279197 DOI: 10.3390/mi15070821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Phosphate plays a crucial role in microbial proliferation, and the regulation of the phosphate concentration can modulate the fermentation efficiency. In this study, based on Lambert-Beer's Law and the selective absorption characteristics of substances under light, a dual-light-type photoelectric colorimetric device for phosphate determination was designed. The device's main components, such as the excitation light path and incubation stations, were modeled and simulated. The primary performance of the instrument was verified, and comparative experiments with a UV-1780 spectrophotometer were conducted to validate its performance. The experimental results demonstrate that this device exhibits a high degree of linearity with an R2 value of 0.9956 and a repeatability of ≤1.72%. The average temperature rise rate at the incubation stations was measured at 0.44 °C/s, with a temperature uniformity ≤ ±0.1 °C (temperature set at 37.3 °C). Consistently observed trends in the measurement of 23 CHO cell suspensions using the UV-1780 spectrophotometer further validated the accuracy and reliability of the device's detection results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhuang Guo
- School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (H.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China;
| | - Tingting Sun
- School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (H.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (H.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Ping Gong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China;
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Motahari S, Morgan S, Hendricks A, Sonnichsen C, Sieben V. Continuous Flow with Reagent Injection on an Inlaid Microfluidic Platform Applied to Nitrite Determination. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:519. [PMID: 38675330 PMCID: PMC11052183 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
A continuous flow with reagent injection method on a novel inlaid microfluidic platform for nitrite determination has been successfully developed. The significance of the high-frequency monitoring of nutrient fluctuations in marine environments is crucial for understanding our impacts on the ecosystem. Many in-situ systems face limitations in high-frequency data collection and have restricted deployment times due to high reagent consumption. The proposed microfluidic device employs automatic colorimetric absorbance spectrophotometry, using the Griess assay for nitrite determination, with minimal reagent usage. The sensor incorporates 10 solenoid valves, four syringes, two LEDs, four photodiodes, and an inlaid microfluidic technique to facilitate optical measurements of fluid volumes. In this flow system, Taylor-Aris dispersion was simulated for different injection volumes at a constant flow rate, and the results have been experimentally confirmed using red food dye injection into a carrier stream. A series of tests were conducted to determine a suitable injection frequency for the reagent. Following the initial system characterization, seven different standard concentrations ranging from 0.125 to 10 µM nitrite were run through the microfluidic device to acquire a calibration curve. Three different calibrations were performed to optimize plug length, with reagent injection volumes of 4, 20, and 50 µL. A straightforward signal processing method was implemented to mitigate the Schlieren effect caused by differences in refractive indexes between the reagent and standards. The results demonstrate that a sampling frequency of at least 10 samples per hour is achievable using this system. The obtained attenuation coefficients exhibited good agreement with the literature, while the reagent consumption was significantly reduced. The limit of detection for a 20 µL injection volume was determined to be 94 nM from the sample intake, and the limit of quantification was 312 nM. Going forward, the demonstrated system will be packaged in a submersible enclosure to facilitate in-situ colorimetric measurements in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrooz Motahari
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (S.M.); (A.H.); (C.S.)
| | - Sean Morgan
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
| | - Andre Hendricks
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (S.M.); (A.H.); (C.S.)
| | - Colin Sonnichsen
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (S.M.); (A.H.); (C.S.)
| | - Vincent Sieben
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (S.M.); (A.H.); (C.S.)
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AlMashrea BA, Almehdi AM, Damiati S. Simple microfluidic devices for in situ detection of water contamination: a state-of-art review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1355768. [PMID: 38371420 PMCID: PMC10869488 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1355768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Water security is an important global issue that is pivotal in the pursuit of sustainable resources for future generations. It is a multifaceted concept that combines water availability with the quality of the water's chemical, biological, and physical characteristics to ensure its suitability and safety. Water quality is a focal aspect of water security. Quality index data are determined and provided via laboratory testing using expensive instrumentation with high maintenance costs and expertise. Due to increased practices in this sector that can compromise water quality, innovative technologies such as microfluidics are necessary to accelerate the timeline of test procedures. Microfluidic technology demonstrates sophisticated functionality in various applications due to the chip's miniaturization system that can control the movement of fluids in tiny amounts and be used for onsite testing when integrated with smart applications. This review aims to highlight the basics of microfluidic technology starting from the component system to the properties of the chip's fabricated materials. The published research on developing microfluidic sensor devices for monitoring chemical and biological contaminants in water is summarized to understand the obstacles and challenges and explore future opportunities for advancement in water quality monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buthaina A. AlMashrea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Chemical Analysis Laboratories Section, Dubai Central Laboratory Department, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed M. Almehdi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samar Damiati
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Briciu-Burghina C, Power S, Delgado A, Regan F. Sensors for Coastal and Ocean Monitoring. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2023; 16:451-469. [PMID: 37314875 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091922-085746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In situ water monitoring sensors are critical to gain an understanding of ocean biochemistry and ecosystem health. They enable the collection of high-frequency data and capture ecosystem spatial and temporal changes, which in turn facilitate long-term global predictions. They are used as decision support tools in emergency situations and for risk mitigation, pollution source tracking, and regulatory monitoring. Advanced sensing platforms exist to support various monitoring needs together with state-of-the-art power and communication capabilities. To be fit-for-purpose, sensors must withstand the challenging marine environment and provide data at an acceptable cost. Significant technological advancements have catalyzed the development of new and improved sensors for coastal and oceanographic applications. Sensors are becoming smaller, smarter, more cost-effective, and increasingly specialized and diversified. This article, therefore, provides a review of the state-of-the art oceanographic and coastal sensors. Progress in sensor development is discussed in terms of performance and the key strategies used for achieving robustness, marine rating, cost reduction, and antifouling protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean Power
- DCU Water Institute, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Adrian Delgado
- DCU Water Institute, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Fiona Regan
- DCU Water Institute, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland;
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Sonnichsen C, Atamanchuk D, Hendricks A, Morgan S, Smith J, Grundke I, Luy E, Sieben VJ. An Automated Microfluidic Analyzer for In Situ Monitoring of Total Alkalinity. ACS Sens 2023; 8:344-352. [PMID: 36602412 PMCID: PMC9888396 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We have designed, built, tested, and deployed an autonomous in situ analyzer for seawater total alkalinity. Such analyzers are required to understand the ocean carbon cycle, including anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake and for mitigation efforts via monitoring, reporting, and verification of carbon dioxide removal through ocean alkalinity enhancement. The microfluidic nature of our instrument makes it relatively lightweight, reagent efficient, and amenable for use on platforms that would carry it on long-term deployments. Our analyzer performs a series of onboard closed-cell titrations with three independent stepper-motor driven syringe pumps, providing highly accurate mixing ratios that can be systematically swept through a range of pH values. Temperature effects are characterized over the range 5-25 °C allowing for field use in most ocean environments. Each titration point requires approximately 170 μL of titrant, 830 μL of sample, 460 J of energy, and a total of 105 s for pumping and optical measurement. The analyzer performance is demonstrated through field data acquired at two sites, representing a cumulative 25 days of operation, and is evaluated against laboratory measurements of discrete water samples. Once calibrated against onboard certified reference material, the analyzer showed an accuracy of -0.17 ± 24 μmol kg-1. We further report a precision of 16 μmol kg-1, evaluated on repeated in situ measurements of the aforementioned certified reference material. The total alkalinity analyzer presented here will allow measurements to take place in remote areas over extended periods of time, facilitating affordable observations of a key parameter of the ocean carbon system with high spatial and temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Sonnichsen
- Dartmouth
Ocean Technologies Inc., 25 Parker Street, Suite 202, Dartmouth, Nova ScotiaB2Y 4T5, Canada
- Dept.
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, Nova ScotiaB3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Dariia Atamanchuk
- Dept.
of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova ScotiaB3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Andre Hendricks
- Dept.
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, Nova ScotiaB3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sean Morgan
- Dept.
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, Nova ScotiaB3H 4R2, Canada
| | - James Smith
- Dartmouth
Ocean Technologies Inc., 25 Parker Street, Suite 202, Dartmouth, Nova ScotiaB2Y 4T5, Canada
| | - Iain Grundke
- Dartmouth
Ocean Technologies Inc., 25 Parker Street, Suite 202, Dartmouth, Nova ScotiaB2Y 4T5, Canada
| | - Edward Luy
- Dartmouth
Ocean Technologies Inc., 25 Parker Street, Suite 202, Dartmouth, Nova ScotiaB2Y 4T5, Canada
- Dept.
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, Nova ScotiaB3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Vincent Joseph Sieben
- Dartmouth
Ocean Technologies Inc., 25 Parker Street, Suite 202, Dartmouth, Nova ScotiaB2Y 4T5, Canada
- Dept.
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, Nova ScotiaB3H 4R2, Canada
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