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Liu X, Zhao Z, Li W, Li Y, Yang Q, Liu N, Chen Y, Yin L. Engineering Nucleotidoproteins for Base-Pairing-Assisted Cytosolic Delivery and Genome Editing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307664. [PMID: 37718311 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein therapeutics targeting intracellular machineries hold profound potential for disease treatment, and hence robust cytosolic protein delivery technologies are imperatively demanded. Inspired by the super-negatively charged, nucleotide-enriched structure of nucleic acids, adenylated pro-proteins (A-proteins) with dramatically enhanced negative surface charges have been engineered for the first time via facile green synthesis. Then, thymidine-modified polyethyleneimine is developed, which exhibits strong electrostatic attraction, complementary base pairing, and hydrophobic interaction with A-proteins to form salt-resistant nanocomplexes with robust cytosolic delivery efficiencies. The acidic endolysosomal environment enables traceless restoration of the A-proteins and consequently promotes the intracellular release of the native proteins. This strategy shows high efficiency and universality for a variety of proteins with different molecular weights and isoelectric points in mammalian cells. Moreover, it enables highly efficient delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins targeting fusion oncogene EWSR1-FLI1, leading to pronounced anti-tumor efficacy against Ewing sarcoma. This study provides a potent and versatile platform for cytosolic protein delivery and gene editing, and may benefit the development of protein pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Thoracic Cancer, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyin Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yajie Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ningyu Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongbing Chen
- Department of Thoracic Cancer, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lichen Yin
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Metabolic Glycoengineering: A Promising Strategy to Remodel Microenvironments for Regenerative Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:1655750. [PMID: 36814525 PMCID: PMC9940976 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1655750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based regenerative therapy utilizes the differentiation potential of stem cells to rejuvenate tissues. But the dynamic fate of stem cells is calling for precise control to optimize their therapeutic efficiency. Stem cell fate is regulated by specific conditions called "microenvironments." Among the various factors in the microenvironment, the cell-surface glycan acts as a mediator of cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions and manipulates the behavior of cells. Herein, metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) is an easy but powerful technology for remodeling the structure of glycan. By presenting unnatural glycans on the surface, MGE provides us an opportunity to reshape the microenvironment and evoke desired cellular responses. In this review, we firstly focused on the determining role of glycans on cellular activity; then, we introduced how MGE influences glycosylation and subsequently affects cell fate; at last, we outlined the application of MGE in regenerative therapy, especially in the musculoskeletal system, and the future direction of MGE is discussed.
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Kufleitner M, Haiber LM, Wittmann V. Metabolic glycoengineering - exploring glycosylation with bioorthogonal chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:510-535. [PMID: 36537135 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00764a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Glycans are involved in numerous biological recognition events. Being secondary gene products, their labeling by genetic methods - comparable to GFP labeling of proteins - is not possible. To overcome this limitation, metabolic glycoengineering (MGE, also known as metabolic oligosaccharide engineering, MOE) has been developed. In this approach, cells or organisms are treated with synthetic carbohydrate derivatives that are modified with a chemical reporter group. In the cytosol, the compounds are metabolized and incorporated into newly synthesized glycoconjugates. Subsequently, the reporter groups can be further derivatized in a bioorthogonal ligation reaction. In this way, glycans can be visualized or isolated. Furthermore, diverse targeting strategies have been developed to direct drugs, nanoparticles, or whole cells to a desired location. This review summarizes research in the field of MGE carried out in recent years. After an introduction to the bioorthogonal ligation reactions that have been used in in connection with MGE, an overview on carbohydrate derivatives for MGE is given. The last part of the review focuses on the many applications of MGE starting from mammalian cells to experiments with animals and other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kufleitner
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Lisa Maria Haiber
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Valentin Wittmann
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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Ying L, Xu J, Han D, Zhang Q, Hong Z. The Applications of Metabolic Glycoengineering. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:840831. [PMID: 35252203 PMCID: PMC8892211 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.840831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cell membranes are decorated by the glycocalyx, which offer versatile means of generating biochemical signals. By manipulating the set of glycans displayed on cell surface, it is vital for gaining insight into the cellular behavior modulation and medical and biotechnological adhibition. Although genetic engineering is proven to be an effective approach for cell surface modification, the technique is only suitable for natural and genetically encoded molecules. To circumvent these limitations, non-genetic approaches are developed for modifying cell surfaces with unnatural but functional groups. Here, we review latest development of metabolic glycoengineering (MGE), which enriches the chemical functions of the cell surface and is becoming an intriguing new tool for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Particular emphasis of this review is placed on discussing current applications and perspectives of MGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Ying
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Enze Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Junxi Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dawei Han
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Enze Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Qingguo Zhang
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Enze Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- *Correspondence: Qingguo Zhang, ; Zhenghua Hong,
| | - Zhenghua Hong
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Enze Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- *Correspondence: Qingguo Zhang, ; Zhenghua Hong,
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Li Y, Shen C, Liang X, Deng K, Zeng Z, Xu X. Dynamic-Responsive Virus-Mimetic Nanocapsules Facilitate Protein Drug Penetration and Extracellular-Specific Unpacking for Antitumor Treatment. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:3447-3453. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00500j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein-based drugs have been demonstrating great potential on the treatment of various diseases, but most of them encounter many difficulties in clinical trials or uses, such as instability, low bioavailability,...
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Tan A, Liu Q, Septiadi D, Chu S, Liu T, Richards SJ, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Petri-Fink A, Gibson MI, Boyd BJ. Understanding selectivity of metabolic labelling and click-targeting in multicellular environments as a route to tissue selective drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:5365-5373. [PMID: 34161405 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00721a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells generally exhibit higher metabolic demands relative to that of normal tissue cells. This offers great possibilities to exploit metabolic glycoengineering in combination with bio-orthogonal chemistry reactions to achieve tumour site-targeted therapeutic delivery. This work addresses the selectivity of metabolic glycan labelling in diseased (i.e., cancer) versus normal cells grown in a multicellular environment. Dibenzocylooctyne (DBCO)-bearing acetylated-d-mannosamine (Ac4ManNDBCO) was synthesised to metabolically label three different types of cell lines originating from the human lung tissues: A549 adenocarcinomic alveolar basal epithelial cells, MeT5A non-cancerous mesothelial cells, and MRC5 non-cancerous fibroblasts. These cell lines displayed different labelling sensitivity, which trended with their doubling time in the following order: A549 ≈ MeT5A > MRC5. The higher metabolic labelling efficiency inherently led to a higher extent of specific binding and accumulation of the clickable N3-conjugated gold nanoparticles (N3-AuNps, core diameter = 30 nm) in the DBCO-glycan modified A549 and MeT5A cells, but to a less prominent effect in MRC5 cells. These findings demonstrate that relative rates of cell metabolism can be exploited using metabolic labelling to recruit nanotherapeutics whilst minimising non-specific targeting of surrounding tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Tan
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, VIC 3052, Australia. and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia and Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Qingtao Liu
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Dedy Septiadi
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Shuiling Chu
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Tianqing Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Sarah-Jane Richards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ben J Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Campus, VIC 3052, Australia. and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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