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Wang H, Wang Y, Wang S, Ling M, Luo J, Sun J, Xi Q, Chen T, Zhang Y. Assessment of isolation strategies to remove caseins for high-quality milk-derived extracellular vesicles. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)01026-9. [PMID: 39033914 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-25162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Increasing studies have highlighted the significance of milk-derived extracellular vesicles (MEVs) in mother-newborn integration, as well as their application as novel drug delivery systems and diagnostic biomarkers. However, conventional ultracentrifugation (UC) often results in the co-precipitation of casein micelles in MEV pellets. In this study, we compared methods with different principles to screen the optimal pretreatment in caseins removal, and found that isoelectric precipitation by hydrochloric acid (HA) could most effectively remove caseins in porcine milk. We further characterized MEV populations isolated by UC and HA/UC from diverse aspects, including particle methodology via nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), RNA and protein contents, and purity analysis. Importantly, the proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of MEVs were evaluated in vitro, showing the superiority of MEVs via HA/UC in functionality compared with UC. Our results suggest that HA pretreatment before ultracentrifugation could effectively remove caseins and other protein complexes, leading to MEVs via HA/UC with higher purity and more significant effects in vitro. This study provides valuable insights for the advancement of MEVs isolation techniques across different species and accurate function analysis of MEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shumeng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mingwang Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Junyi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiajie Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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2
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Jing R, Zhang L, Li R, Yang Z, Song J, Wang Q, Cao N, Han G, Yin H. Milk-derived extracellular vesicles functionalized with anti-tumour necrosis factor-α nanobody and anti-microbial peptide alleviate ulcerative colitis in mice. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12462. [PMID: 38840457 PMCID: PMC11154809 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) manifests clinically with chronic intestinal inflammation and microflora dysbiosis. Although biologics can effectively control inflammation, efficient delivery to the colon and colon epithelial cells remains challenging. Milk-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) show promise as an oral delivery tool, however, the ability to load biologics into EV presents challenges to therapeutic applications. Here, we demonstrate that fusing cell-penetrating peptide (TAT) to green fluorescent protein (GFP) enabled biologics loading into EV and protected against degradation in the gastrointestinal environment in vitro and in vivo after oral delivery. Oral administration of EV loaded with anti-tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) nanobody (VHHm3F) (EVVHH) via TAT significantly reduced tissue TNF-α levels and alleviated pathologies in mice with acute UC, compared to VHH alone. In mice with chronic UC, simultaneously introducing VHH and an antimicrobial peptide LL37 into EV (EVLV), then administering orally improved intestinal barrier, inflammation and microbiota balance, resulted in relief of UC-induced depression and anxiety. Collectively, we demonstrated that oral delivery of EVLV effectively alleviated UC in mice and TAT efficiently loaded biologics into EV to confer protection from degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. This therapeutic strategy is promising for UC and is a simple and generalizable approach towards drug-loaded orally-administrable EV treatment for other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwei Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics & Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) & School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Leijie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics & Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) & School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Ruibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics & Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) & School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Zhongqiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics & Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) & School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics & Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) & School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics & Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) & School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Nan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics & Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) & School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Gang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics & Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) & School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - HaiFang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics & Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) & School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
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3
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Prasadani M, Kodithuwakku S, Pennarossa G, Fazeli A, Brevini TAL. Therapeutic Potential of Bovine Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5543. [PMID: 38791583 PMCID: PMC11122584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk is a fundamental component of the human diet, owing to its substantial nutritional content. In addition, milk contains nanoparticles called extracellular vesicles (EVs), which have indicated their potential beneficial roles such as cell-to-cell communication, disease biomarkers, and therapeutics agents. Amidst other types of EVs, milk EVs (MEVs) have their significance due to their high abundance, easy access, and stability in harsh environmental conditions, such as low pH in the gut. There have been plenty of studies conducted to evaluate the therapeutic potential of bovine MEVs over the past few years, and attention has been given to their engineering for drug delivery and targeted therapy. However, there is a gap between the experimental findings available and clinical trials due to the many challenges related to EV isolation, cargo, and the uniformity of the material. This review aims to provide a comprehensive comparison of various techniques for the isolation of MEVs and offers a summary of the therapeutic potential of bovine MEVs described over the last decade, analyzing potential challenges and further applications. Although a number of aspects still need to be further elucidated, the available data point to the role of MEVs as a potential candidate with therapeutics potential, and the supplementation of MEVs would pave the way to understanding their in-depth effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusha Prasadani
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (M.P.); (S.K.); (A.F.)
| | - Suranga Kodithuwakku
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (M.P.); (S.K.); (A.F.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Georgia Pennarossa
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology and Tissue Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Alireza Fazeli
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (M.P.); (S.K.); (A.F.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2SF, UK
| | - Tiziana A. L. Brevini
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology and Tissue Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
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Salehi M, Negahdari B, Mehryab F, Shekari F. Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Biomedical Applications, Current Challenges, and Future Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8304-8331. [PMID: 38587896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano to-micrometer-sized sacs that are released by almost all animal and plant cells and act as intercellular communicators by transferring their cargos between the source and target cells. As a safe and scalable alternative to conditioned medium-derived EVs, milk-derived EVs (miEVs) have recently gained a great deal of popularity. Numerous studies have shown that miEVs have intrinsic therapeutic actions that can treat diseases and enhance human health. Additionally, they can be used as natural drug carriers and novel classes of biomarkers. However, due to the complexity of the milk, the successful translation of miEVs from benchtop to bedside still faces several unfilled gaps, especially a lack of standardized protocols for the isolation of high-purity miEVs. In this work, by comprehensively reviewing the bovine miEVs studies, we provide an overview of current knowledge and research on miEVs while highlighting their challenges and enormous promise as a novel class of theranostics. It is hoped that this study will pave the way for clinical applications of miEVs by addressing their challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Salehi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14177-55469, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14177-55469, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mehryab
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6153, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP-TDC), Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
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Liu R. A promising area of research in medicine: recent advances in properties and applications of Lactobacillus-derived exosomes. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1266510. [PMID: 38686107 PMCID: PMC11056577 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1266510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus-derived exosomes, small extracellular vesicles released by bacteria, have emerged as a promising area of research in recent years. These exosomes possess a unique structural and functional diversity that allows them to regulate the immune response and promote gut health. The isolation and purification of these exosomes are crucial for their effective use as a therapeutic agent. Several isolation and purification methods have been developed, including differential ultracentrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, and size-exclusion chromatography. Lactobacillus-derived exosomes have been demonstrated to have therapeutic potential in various diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, liver disease, and neurological disorders. Moreover, they have been shown to serve as effective carriers for drug delivery. Genetic engineering of these exosomes has also shown promise in enhancing their therapeutic potential. Overall, Lactobacillus-derived exosomes represent a promising area of research for the development of novel therapeutics for immunomodulation, gut health, and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Zhang C, Zheng J, Han X, Zhao J, Cheng S, Li A. Bovine Colostrum miR-30a-5p Targets the NF-κB Signaling Pathway to Alleviate Inflammation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38606544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common disease of the digestive system, and an excessive immune response mediated by the nuclear factor κ-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway is an essential etiology. Recent studies have found that bovine milk exosomes can improve intestinal mucosal health by delivering microRNA (miRNA), but the mechanism of action is so far unknown. In the present study, we analyzed the differential expression profiles of miRNA in colostrum and mature milk exosomes using high-throughput sequencing, based on the demonstration that colostrum exosomes inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal epithelial NF-κB inflammatory pathway better than mature milk exosomes. The bta-miR-30a-5p, which is specifically highly expressed in colostrum, was screened, and its predicted target gene TRAM was found to be closely related to the NF-κB signaling pathway by functional enrichment analysis. Further, we used gene overexpression and silencing techniques and found that the bta-miR-30a-5p transfection treatment was confirmed to inhibit LPS-induced NF-κB signaling pathway activation and downstream pro-inflammatory factor expression, while the expression of its potential target gene, TRAM, was also suppressed. It is hypothesized that the high expression of bta-miR-30a-5p in colostrum, which targets TRAM to inhibit the downstream NF-κB inflammatory pathway, may be one of the molecular mechanisms responsible for its superior effect on resisting inflammatory attack compared to mature milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Company Limited, Shanghai 200436, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Xueting Han
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Shihui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Aili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Company Limited, Shanghai 200436, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
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7
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Dai C, Xu Q, Li L, Liu Y, Qu S. Milk Extracellular Vesicles: Natural Nanoparticles for Enhancing Oral Drug Delivery against Bacterial Infections. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1988-2000. [PMID: 38529792 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery is typically preferred as a therapeutic intervention due to the complexities and expenses associated with intravenous administration. However, some drugs are poorly absorbed orally, requiring intravenous administration to bypass the gastrointestinal tract and deliver the drug directly into the bloodstream. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel drug delivery platforms to overcome the challenges of oral drug delivery with low solubility, low permeability, oral degradation, and low bioavailability. Advances in extracellular vesicles (EVs) as natural carriers have provided emerging approaches to improve potential therapeutic applications. Milk not only contains traditional nutrients but is also rich in EVs. In this Review, we focus mainly on the purification of milk EVs (mEVs), their safety, and the advantages of mEV-based drug carriers in combatting intestinal infections. Additionally, we summarize several advantages of mEVs over conventional synthetic carriers, such as low immunogenicity, high biocompatibility, and the ability to transfer bioactive molecules between cells. Considering the unmet gaps of mEVs in clinical translation, it is essential to review the cargo loading into mEVs and future perspectives for their use as natural drug carriers for oral delivery. This overview of mEV-based drug carriers for oral delivery sheds light on alternative approaches to treat clinical infections associated with intestinal pathogens and the development of novel oral delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunchun Dai
- Animal-Derived Food Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qingjun Xu
- Animal-Derived Food Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lin Li
- Animal-Derived Food Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Shaoqi Qu
- Animal-Derived Food Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Han G, Kim H, Jang H, Kim ES, Kim SH, Yang Y. Oral TNF-α siRNA delivery via milk-derived exosomes for effective treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Bioact Mater 2024; 34:138-149. [PMID: 38223538 PMCID: PMC10784143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral administration facilitates the direct delivery of drugs to lesions within the small intestine and colon, making it an ideal approach for treating patients with inflammatory bowel disease. However, multiple physical barriers impede the delivery of oral RNA drugs through the gastrointestinal tract. Herein, we developed a novel oral siRNA delivery system that protects nucleic acids in extreme environments by employing exosomes derived from milk to encapsulate tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) siRNA completely. The remarkable structural stability of milk-derived exosomes (M-Exos), as opposed to those from HEK293T cells, makes them exceptional siRNA carriers. Results demonstrate that milk exosomes loaded with TNF-α siRNA (M-Exo/siR) can effectively inhibit the expression of TNF-α-related inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, given that milk exosomes are composed of unique lipids with high bioavailability, orally administered M-Exo/siR effectively reach colonic tissues, leading to decreased TNF-α expression and successful alleviation of colitis symptoms in a dextran sulfate sodium-induced inflammatory bowel disease murine model. Hence, milk-derived exosomes carrying TNF-α siRNA can be effectively employed to treat inflammatory bowel disease. Indeed, using exosomes naturally derived from milk may shift the current paradigm of oral gene delivery, including siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonhee Han
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosuk Kim
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hochung Jang
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoosoo Yang
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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Liu W, Du C, Nan L, Li C, Wang H, Fan Y, Zhang S. The Difference of Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles from Cow Colostrum and Mature Milk on miRNAs Expression and Protecting Intestinal Epithelial Cells against Lipopolysaccharide Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3880. [PMID: 38612689 PMCID: PMC11011493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) play crucial roles in forming an essential barrier, providing host defense against pathogens and regulating nutrients absorption. Milk-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) within its miRNAs are capable of modulating the recipient cell function. However, the differences between colostrum and mature milk EVs and their biological function in attenuating intestinal epithelial cell injury remain poorly understood. Thus, we carried out the present study to characterize the difference between colostrum and mature milk-derived miRNA of EVs and the effect of colostrum and mature milk EVs on the proliferation, apoptosis, proinflammatory cytokines and intestinal epithelial barrier related genes in IEC-6 induced by LPS. Differential expression of 329 miRNAs was identified between colostrum and mature milk EVs, with 185 miRNAs being downregulated and 144 upregulated. In addition, colostrum contains a greater number and protein concentration of EVs than mature milk. Furthermore, compared to control, EVs derived from colostrum significantly inhibited the expression of apoptosis- (Bax, p53, and caspase-3) and proinflammatory-related genes (TNFα, IL6, and IL1β). EVs derived from mature milk did not affect expression of apoptosis-related genes (Bax, p53, bcl2, and caspase-3). The EVs derived from mature milk significantly inhibited the expression of proinflammatory-related genes (TNFα and IL6). Western blot analysis also indicated that colostrum and mature milk EVs significantly decreased the apoptosis of IEC-6 cells. The EdU assay results showed that colostrum and mature milk EVs significantly increased the proliferation of IEC-6 cells. The expression of intestinal barrier-related genes (TJP1, CLDN1, OCLN, CDX2, MUC2, and IGF1R) was significantly promoted in IEC-6 cells after colostrum and mature milk EVs addition. Importantly, colostrum and mature milk EVs significantly relieved the LPS-induced inhibition of proliferation and intestinal barrier-related genes expression and attenuated apoptosis and proinflammatory responses induced by LPS in IEC-6 cells. Flow cytometry and Western blot analysis also indicated that colostrum and mature milk EVs significantly affect the apoptosis of IEC-6 cells induced by LPS. The results also indicated that EVs derived from colostrum had better effects on inhibiting the apoptosis- and proinflammatory cytokines-related genes expression. However, the EVs derived from mature milk exhibited beneficial effects on intestinal epithelial barrier protection. The present study will provide a better understanding of the role of EVs derived from colostrum and milk in dairy cows with different responses in the regulation of intestinal cells function, and also presents new evidence for the change of EVs cargos during various stages of lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenju Liu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (C.D.); (L.N.); (C.L.); (H.W.); (Y.F.)
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chao Du
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (C.D.); (L.N.); (C.L.); (H.W.); (Y.F.)
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liangkang Nan
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (C.D.); (L.N.); (C.L.); (H.W.); (Y.F.)
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunfang Li
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (C.D.); (L.N.); (C.L.); (H.W.); (Y.F.)
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haitong Wang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (C.D.); (L.N.); (C.L.); (H.W.); (Y.F.)
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yikai Fan
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (C.D.); (L.N.); (C.L.); (H.W.); (Y.F.)
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (C.D.); (L.N.); (C.L.); (H.W.); (Y.F.)
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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10
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Li X, Ji LJ, Feng KD, Huang H, Liang MR, Cheng SJ, Meng XD. Emerging role of exosomes in ulcerative colitis: Targeting NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:527-541. [PMID: 38463022 PMCID: PMC10921143 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i6.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory bowel disease. Despite ongoing advances in our understanding of UC, its pathogenesis is yet unelucidated, underscoring the urgent need for novel treatment strategies for patients with UC. Exosomes are nanoscale membrane particles that mediate intercellular communication by carrying various bioactive molecules, such as proteins, RNAs, DNA, and metabolites. The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a cytosolic tripartite protein complex whose activation induces the maturation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18, triggering the inflammatory response to a pathogenic agent or injury. Growing evidence suggests that exosomes are new modulators of the NLRP3 inflammasome, with vital roles in the pathological process of UC. Here, recent evidence is reviewed on the role of exosomes and NLRP3 inflammasome in UC. First, the dual role of exosomes on NLRP3 inflammasome and the effect of NLRP3 inflammasome on exosome secretion are summarized. Finally, an outlook on the directions of exosome-NLRP3 inflammasome crosstalk research in the context of UC is proposed and areas of further research on this topic are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Li-Jiang Ji
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kai-Di Feng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mei-Rou Liang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shi-Jin Cheng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiu-Dong Meng
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
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11
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Zhou A, Liu G, Jiang X. Characteristic of the components and the metabolism mechanism of goat colostrum: a review. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4135-4146. [PMID: 37039778 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2199500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Colostrum contains large number of nutrients that promote the growth, differentiation, and biological functions for goat kids early somatic cells, which is crucial to meet the nutritional demands, immune function, and the health of goat kids later growth. Great attention has been given not only to nutritional ingredient differences between colostrum and normal milk, but also to function differences, and their effect on the physical and sensory properties of goat kid's growth performance and health status. This paper reviews the research progress of goat colostrum in recent years, mainly including the colostrum yield, components, i.e., proteins, lactose, and immunoglobulin, as well as the influence factor, i.e., number of lactation and littler size, nutrition during the gestation, and breeding environment. In addition, this review aims to summarize the synthesis and secretion mechanisms, and the digestion and absorption mechanism of goat colostrum. We conclude that even though the composition and physicochemical properties of goat colostrum are highly dynamic and variable, and the digestion and absorption mechanism has not been made fully clear until now, direct feed microbial (DFM) may be a promising alternative for improving the quality of colostrum that should be further explored for their practical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mianyang, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Guiqiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xunping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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12
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Liu L, Wu W, Li S, Ma L, Liu Y, Wang X, Jiang Y. Engineered baicalein-decorated zinc phosphates for synergistic alleviation of inflammatory bowel disease by repairing the mucosal barrier and relieving oxidative stress. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7678-7691. [PMID: 37870399 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01284k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Orally administered baicalein-decorated zinc phosphates (ZnBM) were engineered for mucosal barrier improvement and intestinal inflammation relief. ZnBM with a size of 1.78 μm comprised 5.58 wt% baicalein and 13.17 wt% zinc. The incorporation of baicalein endowed ZnBM with excellent radical scavenging activities. ZnBM exhibited good stability with negligible zinc release in PBS solution for 2 days, and 32.82% of the zinc could reach the gut. In addition, ZnBM polarized macrophages into the anti-inflammatory M2 type and effectively scavenged intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7. Meanwhile, ZnBM effectively scavenged intracellular ROS of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced Caco-2 cells and exerted a reparative effect on the LPS-damaged Caco-2 monolayer, causing an obvious improvement of the barrier function. Reduced systemic exposure to FITC-dextran was observed to illustrate barrier restoration by ZnBM, which was achieved through upregulation of tight junction protein expression. Notably, the commonly used clinical drug 5-aminosalicylic acid is toxic to the liver and kidneys, and commercial ZnO caused the death of mice during treatment. Apparently, the therapeutic effect of ZnBM was significantly better than that of baicalein alone in chronic colitis. Overall, ZnBM exhibited outstanding therapeutic efficacy and is expected to treat colitis due to its effectiveness, biosecurity, facile preparation, and easy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
| | - Weisong Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
| | - Siqi Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
| | - Li Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
| | - Yunting Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Yanjun Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
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13
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Aidos L, Pallaoro M, Mirra G, Serra V, Castrica M, Agradi S, Curone G, Vigo D, Riva F, Balzaretti CM, De Bellis R, Pastorelli G, Brecchia G, Modina SC, Di Giancamillo A. Intestine Health and Barrier Function in Fattening Rabbits Fed Bovine Colostrum. Vet Sci 2023; 10:657. [PMID: 37999480 PMCID: PMC10675739 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10110657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The permeability of the immature intestine is higher in newborns than in adults; a damaged gut barrier in young animals increases the susceptibility to digestive and infectious diseases later in life. It is therefore of major importance to avoid impairment of the intestinal barrier, specifically in a delicate phase of development, such as weaning. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of bovine colostrum supplementation on the intestinal barrier, such as the intestinal morphology and proliferation level and tight junctions expression (zonulin) and enteric nervous system (ENS) inflammation status (through the expression of PGP9.5 and GFAP) in fattening rabbits. Rabbits of 35 days of age were randomly divided into three groups (n = 13) based on the dietary administration: commercial feed (control group, CTR) and commercial feed supplemented with 2.5% and 5% bovine colostrum (BC1 and BC2 groups, respectively). Rabbits receiving the BC1 diet showed a tendency to have better duodenum morphology and higher proliferation rates (p < 0.001) than the control group. An evaluation of the zonulin expression showed that it was higher in the BC2 group, suggesting increased permeability, which was partially confirmed by the expression of GFAP. Our results suggest that adding 2.5% BC into the diet could be a good compromise between intestinal morphology and permeability, since rabbits fed the highest inclusion level of BC showed signs of higher intestinal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Aidos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.A.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (V.S.); (S.A.); (G.C.); (D.V.); (F.R.); (C.M.B.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (S.C.M.)
| | - Margherita Pallaoro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.A.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (V.S.); (S.A.); (G.C.); (D.V.); (F.R.); (C.M.B.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (S.C.M.)
| | - Giorgio Mirra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.A.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (V.S.); (S.A.); (G.C.); (D.V.); (F.R.); (C.M.B.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (S.C.M.)
| | - Valentina Serra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.A.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (V.S.); (S.A.); (G.C.); (D.V.); (F.R.); (C.M.B.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (S.C.M.)
| | - Marta Castrica
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione—BCA, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Stella Agradi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.A.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (V.S.); (S.A.); (G.C.); (D.V.); (F.R.); (C.M.B.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (S.C.M.)
| | - Giulio Curone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.A.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (V.S.); (S.A.); (G.C.); (D.V.); (F.R.); (C.M.B.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (S.C.M.)
| | - Daniele Vigo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.A.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (V.S.); (S.A.); (G.C.); (D.V.); (F.R.); (C.M.B.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (S.C.M.)
| | - Federica Riva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.A.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (V.S.); (S.A.); (G.C.); (D.V.); (F.R.); (C.M.B.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (S.C.M.)
| | - Claudia Maria Balzaretti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.A.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (V.S.); (S.A.); (G.C.); (D.V.); (F.R.); (C.M.B.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (S.C.M.)
| | - Roberta De Bellis
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Via A. Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy;
| | - Grazia Pastorelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.A.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (V.S.); (S.A.); (G.C.); (D.V.); (F.R.); (C.M.B.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (S.C.M.)
| | - Gabriele Brecchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.A.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (V.S.); (S.A.); (G.C.); (D.V.); (F.R.); (C.M.B.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (S.C.M.)
| | - Silvia Clotilde Modina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.A.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (V.S.); (S.A.); (G.C.); (D.V.); (F.R.); (C.M.B.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (S.C.M.)
| | - Alessia Di Giancamillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Kim NH, Kim J, Lee JY, Bae HA, Kim CY. Application of Milk Exosomes for Musculoskeletal Health: Talking Points in Recent Outcomes. Nutrients 2023; 15:4645. [PMID: 37960298 PMCID: PMC10647311 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk is a nutrient-rich food source, and among the various milks, breast milk is a nutrient source provided by mothers to newborns in many mammals. Exosomes are nano-sized membranous extracellular vesicles that play important roles in cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes originate from endogenous synthesis and dietary sources such as milk. Discovered through electron microscopy as floating vesicles, the existence of exosomes in human milk was confirmed owing to a density between 1.10 and 1.18 g/mL in a sucrose gradient corresponding to the known density of exosomes and detection of MHC classes I and II, CD63, CD81, and CD86 on the vesicles. To date, milk exosomes have been used for treating many diseases, including cancers, and are widely proposed as promising carriers for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. However, few studies on milk exosomes focus on geriatric health, especially sarcopenia and osteoporosis related to bone and muscle. Therefore, the present study focused on milk exosomes and their cargoes, which are potential candidates for dietary supplements, and when combined with drugs, they can be effective in treating musculoskeletal diseases. In this review, we introduce the basic concepts, including the definition, various sources, and cargoes of milk exosomes, and exosome isolation and characterization methods. Additionally, we review recent literature on the musculoskeletal system and milk exosomes. Since inflammation and oxidative stress underly musculoskeletal disorders, studies reporting the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of milk exosomes are also summarized. Finally, the therapeutic potential of milk exosomes in targeting muscle and bone health is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Hyung Kim
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (J.K.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-A.B.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhae Kim
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (J.K.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-A.B.)
| | - Joo-Yeon Lee
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (J.K.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-A.B.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-A Bae
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (J.K.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-A.B.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon Young Kim
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (J.K.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-A.B.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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15
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Hou JJ, Li WW, Wang XL, Ma AH, Qin YH. Efficacy of extracellular vesicles as a cell-free therapy in colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1260134. [PMID: 37954844 PMCID: PMC10637393 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1260134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate inflammation, immune responses, gut barrier integrity, and intestinal homeostasis. Recently, the application of EVs in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been under intensive focus. Some studies have been conducted in animal models of colitis, while systematic reviews and meta-analyses are lacking. The current study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating the efficacy of EVs on IBD. Methods: A systematic retrieval of all studies in PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library reported the effects of EVs in the colitis model up to 22 June 2023. The methodological quality was assessed based on SYRCLE's risk of bias (RoB) tool. Disease activity index (DAI), myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), histopathological score (HS), and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) were extracted as analysis indicators by Web Plot Digitizer 4.5. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate the standardized mean difference and 95% confidence interval using random-effect models by Review Manager 5.3 and STATA 14.0 software. Results: A total of 21 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Although the heterogeneity between studies and the potential publication bias limits confidence in the extent of the benefit, EV treatment was superior to the control in the colitis evaluation with reduced DAI, HS, MPO activity, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β, and IL-6, while increasing the content of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis results supported the protective effect of EVs on colitis rodent models based on their potential role in IBD therapy and propelling the field toward clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yue-Hua Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, China
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16
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Liu R, Wu S, Liu W, Wang L, Dong M, Niu W. microRNAs delivered by small extracellular vesicles in MSCs as an emerging tool for bone regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1249860. [PMID: 37720323 PMCID: PMC10501734 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1249860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a dynamic process that involves angiogenesis and the balance of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. In bone tissue engineering, the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising approach to restore bone homeostasis. MSCs, particularly their small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), exert therapeutic effects due to their paracrine capability. Increasing evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) delivered by sEVs from MSCs (MSCs-sEVs) can alter gene expression in recipient cells and enhance bone regeneration. As an ideal delivery vehicle of miRNAs, MSCs-sEVs combine the high bioavailability and stability of sEVs with osteogenic ability of miRNAs, which can effectively overcome the challenge of low delivery efficiency in miRNA therapy. In this review, we focus on the recent advancements in the use of miRNAs delivered by MSCs-sEVs for bone regeneration and disorders. Additionally, we summarize the changes in miRNA expression in osteogenic-related MSCs-sEVs under different microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ming Dong
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Weidong Niu
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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17
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Lee ES, Ko H, Kim CH, Kim HC, Choi SK, Jeong SW, Lee SG, Lee SJ, Na HK, Park JH, Shin JM. Disease-microenvironment modulation by bare- or engineered-exosome for rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Biomater Res 2023; 27:81. [PMID: 37635253 PMCID: PMC10464174 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by eukaryotic cells and have been extensively studied for their surface markers and internal cargo with unique functions. A deeper understanding of exosomes has allowed their application in various research areas, particularly in diagnostics and therapy. MAIN BODY Exosomes have great potential as biomarkers and delivery vehicles for encapsulating therapeutic cargo. However, the limitations of bare exosomes, such as rapid phagocytic clearance and non-specific biodistribution after injection, pose significant challenges to their application as drug delivery systems. This review focuses on exosome-based drug delivery for treating rheumatoid arthritis, emphasizing pre/post-engineering approaches to overcome these challenges. CONCLUSION This review will serve as an essential resource for future studies to develop novel exosome-based therapeutic approaches for rheumatoid arthritis. Overall, the review highlights the potential of exosomes as a promising therapeutic approach for rheumatoid arthritis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sook Lee
- Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Ko
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Ho Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Chul Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, Convergence Research Institute, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-Daero, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kyoon Choi
- Division of Biotechnology, Convergence Research Institute, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-Daero, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Jeong
- Division of Biotechnology, Convergence Research Institute, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-Daero, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Guen Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Convergence Research Institute, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-Daero, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jun Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Convergence Research Institute, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-Daero, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Na
- Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Shin
- Division of Biotechnology, Convergence Research Institute, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-Daero, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, 27469, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Chen L, Ou Q, Kou X. Extracellular vesicles and their indispensable roles in pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: A comprehensive review. Life Sci 2023; 327:121830. [PMID: 37286163 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a global disease with rising incidence worldwide, and its debilitating symptoms and dissatisfactory therapies have brought heavy burdens for patients. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a heterogeneous population of lipid bilayer membranes containing abundant bioactive molecules, have been indicated to play important roles in the pathogenesis and treatment of many diseases. However, to our knowledge, comprehensive reviews summarizing the various roles of diverse source-derived EVs in the pathogenesis and treatment of IBD are still lacking. This review, not only summarizes the EV characteristics, but also focuses on the multiple roles of diverse EVs in IBD pathogenesis and their treatment potential. In addition, hoping to push forward the research frontiers, we point out several challenges that the researchers are faced, about EVs in current IBD research and future therapeutic applications. We also put forward our prospects on future exploration regarding EVs in IBD treatment, including developing IBD vaccines and paying more attention on apoptotic vesicles. This review is aimed to enrich the knowledge on the indispensable roles of EVs in IBD pathogenesis and treatment, providing ideas and reference for future therapeutic strategy for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linling Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 510055 Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianmin Ou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 510055 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Kou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 510055 Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China.
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19
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Zhong Y, Wang X, Zhao X, Shen J, Wu X, Gao P, Yang P, Chen J, An W. Multifunctional Milk-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles and Their Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051418. [PMID: 37242660 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been regarded as the next generation of novel delivery systems after lipid nanoparticles because of their advantages and huge prospects in drug delivery. Studies have shown that sEVs are abundant in milk and therefore can be a large and economical source of sEVs. Natural milk-derived small extracellular vesicles (msEVs) have important functions such as immune regulation, anti-bacterial infection, anti-oxidative, etc., and play a beneficial role in human health at multiple levels, including intestinal health, bone/muscle metabolism, and microbiota regulation. In addition, because they can pass the gastrointestinal barrier and have low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility, and stability, msEVs are considered a crucial oral drug delivery vehicle. Moreover, msEVs can be further engineered for targeted delivery to prolong the circulation time or enhance local drug concentrations. However, msEVs separation and purification, complex contents, and quality control hinder their application in drug delivery. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the biogenesis and characteristics, isolation and purification, composition, loading methods, and function of msEVs, based on which their applications in biomedical fields are further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxiu Zhong
- Wenlin An's Laboratory, National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Sinopharm Group, No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Wenlin An's Laboratory, National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Sinopharm Group, No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Xian Zhao
- Wenlin An's Laboratory, National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Sinopharm Group, No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Jiuheng Shen
- Wenlin An's Laboratory, National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Sinopharm Group, No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Wenlin An's Laboratory, National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Sinopharm Group, No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Peifen Gao
- Wenlin An's Laboratory, National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Sinopharm Group, No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Wenlin An's Laboratory, National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Sinopharm Group, No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Junge Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine & Shenzhen Institute of Beihang University, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenlin An
- Wenlin An's Laboratory, National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), Sinopharm Group, No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing 101111, China
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20
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Zhang C, Hu Y, Yuan Y, Guo J, Li H, Li Q, Liu S. Liposome-embedded SOD attenuated DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by ameliorating oxidative stress and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Food Funct 2023; 14:4392-4405. [PMID: 37092895 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03312g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is generally considered inseparable from the development and exacerbation of ulcerative colitis (UC). Therefore, reducing oxidative stress has become a possible way to alleviate UC. In this study, the therapeutic effects of different doses of liposome-embedded superoxide dismutase (L-SOD) on mice with DSS-induced UC were systematically investigated. The results showed that L-SOD significantly attenuated the signs of colitis in mice, including colonic shortening, diarrhoea, bloody stools, and histopathological changes. L-SOD ameliorated DSS-induced oxidative damage, increased SOD, catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) activities, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. In addition, L-SOD ameliorated the inflammatory response by inhibiting the expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines and protected barrier function by promoting the expression of the tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1 in the colon. Importantly, the results demonstrated a bell-shaped distribution of therapeutic effects relative to the administered dose, with an optimal dose of 150 000 U kg-1. These results indicate that L-SOD has great potential as an ingredient in functional foods for the prevention and mitigation of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Yujia Hu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Yi Yuan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Jingke Guo
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
- Department of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhicheng College, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Henian Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Qiaoling Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Shutao Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
- Department of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhicheng College, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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21
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Tian MY, Hao DX, Liu Y, He J, Zhao ZH, Guo TY, Li X, Zhang Y. Milk exosomes: an oral drug delivery system with great application potential. Food Funct 2023; 14:1320-1337. [PMID: 36722924 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02013k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with the smallest diameter, usually divided into cellular sources and body fluid sources. Due to their special properties different from cell-derived exosomes, the application of milk exosomes as an oral drug delivery system has increased greatly. This article introduces the physical and chemical properties of exosomes, separation technology, dyeing and labeling technology, targeted modification technology, and the application of milk exosomes in drug loading and disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Dong-Xia Hao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jin He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Zhuo-Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ting-Yu Guo
- The International Department of the High School Affiliated to Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
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22
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Mecocci S, De Paolis L, Zoccola R, Fruscione F, De Ciucis CG, Chiaradia E, Moccia V, Tognoloni A, Pascucci L, Zoppi S, Zappulli V, Chillemi G, Goria M, Cappelli K, Razzuoli E. Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Potential of Cow Colostrum Extracellular Vesicles (ColosEVs) in an Intestinal In Vitro Model. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123264. [PMID: 36552020 PMCID: PMC9775086 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized double-lipid-membrane-bound structures, acting mainly as signalling mediators between distant cells and, in particular, modulating the immune response and inflammation of targeted cells. Milk and colostrum contain high amounts of EVs that could be exploited as alternative natural systems in antimicrobial fighting. The aim of this study is to evaluate cow colostrum-derived EVs (colosEVs) for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects in vitro to assess their suitability as natural antimicrobial agents as a strategy to cope with the drug resistance problem. ColosEVs were evaluated on a model of neonatal calf diarrhoea caused by Escherichia coli infection, a livestock disease where antibiotic therapy often has poor results. Colostrum from Piedmontese cows was collected within 24 h of calving and colosEVs were immediately isolated. IPEC-J2 cell line was pre-treated with colosEVs for 48 h and then infected with EPEC/NTEC field strains for 2 h. Bacterial adherence and IPEC-J2 gene expression analysis (RT-qPCR) of CXCL8, DEFB1, DEFB4A, TLR4, TLR5, NFKB1, MYD88, CGAS, RIGI and STING were evaluated. The colosEVs pre-treatment significantly reduced the ability of EPEC/NTEC strains to adhere to cell surfaces (p = 0.006), suggesting a role of ColosEVs in modulating host−pathogen interactions. Moreover, our results showed a significant decrease in TLR5 (p < 0.05), CGAS (p < 0.05) and STING (p < 0.01) gene expression in cells that were pre-treated with ColosEVs and then infected, thus highlighting a potential antimicrobial activity of ColosEVs. This is the first preliminarily study investigating ColosEV immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects on an in vitro model of neonatal calf diarrhoea, showing its potential as a therapeutic and prophylactic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Mecocci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Livia De Paolis
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39-24, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Zoccola
- S.C. Biotecnologie Applicate alle Produzioni, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Floriana Fruscione
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39-24, 16129 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (K.C.); Tel.: +39-010-542274 (F.F.); +39-075-5857722 (K.C.)
| | - Chiara Grazia De Ciucis
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39-24, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Moccia
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alessia Tognoloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luisa Pascucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Simona Zoppi
- S.C. Diagnostica Generale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Zappulli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Chillemi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Goria
- S.C. Biotecnologie Applicate alle Produzioni, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Katia Cappelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (K.C.); Tel.: +39-010-542274 (F.F.); +39-075-5857722 (K.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Razzuoli
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39-24, 16129 Genova, Italy
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23
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Mecocci S, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Cappelli K. Extracellular Vesicles from Animal Milk: Great Potentialities and Critical Issues. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233231. [PMID: 36496752 PMCID: PMC9740508 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Other than representing the main source of nutrition for newborn mammals, milk delivers a sophisticated signaling system from mother to child that promotes postnatal health. The bioactive components transferred through the milk intake are important for the development of the newborn immune system and include oligosaccharides, lactoferrin, lysozyme, α-La, and immunoglobulins. In the last 15 years, a pivotal role in this mother-to-child exchange has been attributed to extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are micro- and nanosized structures enclosed in a phospholipidic double-layer membrane that are produced by all cell types and released in the extracellular environment, reaching both close and distant cells. EVs mediate the intercellular cross-talk from the producing to the receiving cell through the transfer of molecules contained within them such as proteins, antigens, lipids, metabolites, RNAs, and DNA fragments. The complex cargo can induce a wide range of functional modulations in the recipient cell (i.e., anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, angiogenetic, and pro-regenerative modulations) depending on the type of producing cells and the stimuli that these cells receive. EVs can be recovered from every biological fluid, including blood, urine, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, saliva, bile, and milk, which is one of the most promising scalable vesicle sources. This review aimed to present the state-of-the-art of animal-milk-derived EV (mEV) studies due to the exponential growth of this field. A focus on the beneficial potentialities for human health and the issues of studying vesicles from milk, particularly for the analytical methodologies applied, is reported.
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24
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Luo D, Zeng J, Guan J, Xu Y, Jia RB, Chen J, Jiang G, Zhou C. Dietary Supplement of Amomum villosum Lour. Polysaccharide Attenuates Ulcerative Colitis in BALB/c Mice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223737. [PMID: 36429334 PMCID: PMC9689959 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amomum villosum Lour. (A. villosum), a comestible medicinal plant, has been traditionally used in China to treat diarrhea, stomach fullness, and abdominal distension. Polysaccharide, the main chemical component of A. villosum, has been shown to possess potential antioxidant and glycosidase inhibitory activities; however, whether it has anticolitis activity is unknown. The aim of this research was to evaluate the anticolitis effects of A. villosum polysaccharide (AVLP) in BALB/c mice. The results showed that AVLP administration significantly reversed body weight loss, colon shortening and colon weight gain and decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in colitis mice (p < 0.05). AVLP administration also maintained intestinal barrier function by the upregulation of ZO-1 protein expression (p < 0.05). In addition, high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that AVLP possessed a great regulatory effect on the growth of Adlercreutzia, Clostridium, Streptococcus, Parabacteroides, Helicobacter, Odoribacter, and Alistipes (p < 0.05, LDA score > 2). The correlation analysis revealed that the protective effects against colitis of AVLP were highly correlated with intestinal bacterium regulation. These results suggest that AVLP intake could serve as a prospective nutritional strategy for inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Luo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
| | - Jiao Zeng
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
| | - Jingjing Guan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Rui-Bo Jia
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Jin Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Guili Jiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Chunxia Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
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