1
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Nachaki E, Kuroda DG. Transitioning from Regular Electrolytes to Solvate Ionic Liquids to High-Concentration Electrolytes: Changes in Transport Properties and Ionic Speciation. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:11522-11533. [PMID: 39050925 PMCID: PMC11264273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c02248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Glyme-based lithium-ion electrolytes have received considerable attention from the scientific community due to their improved safety, as well as electrochemical and thermal stability over carbonate-based electrolytes. However, these electrolytes suffer from major drawbacks such as high viscosities. To overcome the challenges that hinder their full potential, the molecular description of glyme-based lithium electrolytes in the high-concentration regime, particularly in the solvate ionic liquid (SIL) and high-concentration electrolyte (HCE) regimes, is needed. In this study, model glyme-based electrolytes based on a lithium thiocyanate and either tetraglyme (G4) or a mixture of monoglyme (G1) and diglyme (G2) were investigated as a function of the solvent-to-lithium ratio using linear and nonlinear IR spectroscopies, in combination with ab initio computations as well as electrochemical methods . The transport properties reveal enhanced ionicities in the HCE and SIL regimes ([O]/[Li] ≤ 5) compared to the regular electrolytes (REs, with [O]/[Li] > 5) in both pure (G4) and mixed (G1:G2) glymes. IR and ab initio computations relate these larger ionicities to the higher concentration of charged aggregates in the HCE and SIL electrolytes ([O]/[Li] ≤ 5). Moreover, it was observed that the use of mixed glymes appears to have a minimal effect on the transport properties of REs but exhibits deleterious effects on SILs. Overall, the results provide a molecular framework for describing the local structure of lithium glyme-based electrolytes and demonstrate the key role that the nature of glyme solvation plays in the molecular structure and consequently the macroscopic properties of the Li-glyme SILs, HCEs, and REs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest
O. Nachaki
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Daniel G. Kuroda
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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2
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Yin XT, You EM, Zhou RY, Zhu LH, Wang WW, Li KX, Wu DY, Gu Y, Li JF, Mao BW, Yan JW. Unraveling the energy storage mechanism in graphene-based nonaqueous electrochemical capacitors by gap-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5624. [PMID: 38965231 PMCID: PMC11224393 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49973-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphene has been extensively utilized as an electrode material for nonaqueous electrochemical capacitors. However, a comprehensive understanding of the charging mechanism and ion arrangement at the graphene/electrolyte interface remain elusive. Herein, a gap-enhanced Raman spectroscopic strategy is designed to characterize the dynamic interfacial process of graphene with an adjustable number of layers, which is based on synergistic enhancement of localized surface plasmons from shell-isolated nanoparticles and a metal substrate. By employing such a strategy combined with complementary characterization techniques, we study the potential-dependent configuration of adsorbed ions and capacitance curves for graphene based on the number of layers. As the number of layers increases, the properties of graphene transform from a metalloid nature to graphite-like behavior. The charging mechanism shifts from co-ion desorption in single-layer graphene to ion exchange domination in few-layer graphene. The increase in area specific capacitance from 64 to 145 µF cm-2 is attributed to the influence on ion packing, thereby impacting the electrochemical performance. Furthermore, the potential-dependent coordination structure of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide in tetraglyme ([Li(G4)][FSI]) at graphene/electrolyte interface is revealed. This work adds to the understanding of graphene interfaces with distinct properties, offering insights for optimization of electrochemical capacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - En-Ming You
- School of Ocean Information Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Oceanic Information Perception and Intelligent Processing, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ru-Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li-Hong Zhu
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - De-Yin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Bing-Wei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jia-Wei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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3
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Philippi F, Middendorf M, Shigenobu K, Matsuyama Y, Palumbo O, Pugh D, Sudoh T, Dokko K, Watanabe M, Schönhoff M, Shinoda W, Ueno K. Evolving better solvate electrolytes for lithium secondary batteries. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7342-7358. [PMID: 38756793 PMCID: PMC11095511 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01492h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The overall performance of lithium batteries remains unmatched to this date. Decades of optimisation have resulted in long-lasting batteries with high energy density suitable for mobile applications. However, the electrolytes used at present suffer from low lithium transference numbers, which induces concentration polarisation and reduces efficiency of charging and discharging. Here we show how targeted modifications can be used to systematically evolve anion structural motifs which can yield electrolytes with high transference numbers. Using a multidisciplinary combination of theoretical and experimental approaches, we screened a large number of anions. Thus, we identified anions which reach lithium transference numbers around 0.9, surpassing conventional electrolytes. Specifically, we find that nitrile groups have a coordination tendency similar to SO2 and are capable of inducing the formation of Li+ rich clusters. In the bigger picture, we identified a balanced anion/solvent coordination tendency as one of the key design parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Philippi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama 240-8501 Japan
| | | | - Keisuke Shigenobu
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Yuna Matsuyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama 240-8501 Japan
| | - Oriele Palumbo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - David Pugh
- Department of Chemistry, Britannia House, Kings College London 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
| | - Taku Sudoh
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama 240-8501 Japan
| | - Kaoru Dokko
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama 240-8501 Japan
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Centre, Advanced Institute of Sciences, Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama 240-8501 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Watanabe
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Centre, Advanced Institute of Sciences, Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama 240-8501 Japan
| | | | - Wataru Shinoda
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Kazuhide Ueno
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama 240-8501 Japan
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Centre, Advanced Institute of Sciences, Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama 240-8501 Japan
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4
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Wu LQ, Li Z, Fan ZY, Li K, Li J, Huang D, Li A, Yang Y, Xie W, Zhao Q. Unveiling the Role of Fluorination in Hexacyclic Coordinated Ether Electrolytes for High-Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5964-5976. [PMID: 38381843 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Fluorinated ethers have become promising electrolyte solvent candidates for lithium metal batteries (LMBs) because they are endowed with high oxidative stability and high Coulombic efficiencies of lithium metal stripping/plating. Up to now, most reported fluorinated ether electrolytes are -CF3-based, and the influence of ion solvation in modifying degree of fluorination has not been well-elucidated. In this work, we synthesize a hexacyclic coordinated ether (1-methoxy-3-ethoxypropane, EMP) and its fluorinated ether counterparts with -CH2F (F1EMP), -CHF2 (F2EMP), or -CF3 (F3EMP) as terminal group. With lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide as single salt, the solvation structure, Li-ion transport behavior, lithium deposition kinetics, and high-voltage stability of the electrolytes were systematically studied. Theoretical calculations and spectra reveal the gradually reduced solvating power from nonfluorinated EMP to fully fluorinated F3EMP, which leads to decreased ionic conductivity. In contrast, the weakly solvating fluorinated ethers possess higher Li+ transference number and exchange current density. Overall, partially fluorinated -CHF2 is demonstrated as the desired group. Further full cell testing using high-voltage (4.4 V) and high-loading (3.885 mAh cm-2) LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode demonstrates that F2EMP electrolyte enables 80% capacity retention after 168 cycles under limited Li (50 μm) and lean electrolyte (5 mL Ah-1) conditions and 129 cycles under extremely lean electrolyte (1.8 mL Ah-1) and the anode-free conditions. This work deepens the fundamental understanding on the ion transport and interphase dynamics under various degrees of fluorination and provides a feasible approach toward the design of fluorinated ether electrolytes for practical high-voltage LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Qing Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Fan
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Kun Li
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jia Li
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dubin Huang
- Beijing Golden Feather New Energy Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Aijun Li
- Beijing Golden Feather New Energy Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Beijing Golden Feather New Energy Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Weiwei Xie
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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5
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Bergstrom HK, McCloskey BD. Ion Transport in (Localized) High Concentration Electrolytes for Li-Based Batteries. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2024; 9:373-380. [PMID: 38356937 PMCID: PMC10863389 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
High concentration electrolytes (HCEs) and localized high concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) have emerged as promising candidates to enable higher energy density Li-ion batteries due to their advantageous interfacial properties that result from their unique solvent structures. Using electrophoretic NMR and electrochemical techniques, we characterize and report full transport properties, including the lithium transference numbers (t+) for electrolytes ranging from the conventional ∼1 M to HCE regimes as well as for LHCE systems. We find that compared to conventional electrolytes, t+ increases for HCEs; however the addition of diluents to LHCEs significantly decreases t+. Viscosity effects alone cannot explain this behavior. Using Onsager transport coefficients calculated from our experiments, we demonstrate that there is more positively correlated cation-cation motion in HCEs as well as fast cation-anion ligand exchange consistent with a concerted ion-hopping mechanism. The addition of diluents to LHCEs results in more anticorrelated motion indicating a disruption of concerted cation-hopping leading to low t+ in LHCEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen K. Bergstrom
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bryan D. McCloskey
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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6
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Ugata Y, Chen Y, Miyazaki S, Sasagawa S, Ueno K, Watanabe M, Dokko K. High-concentration LiPF 6/sulfone electrolytes: structure, transport properties, and battery application. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:29566-29575. [PMID: 37877335 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04561g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Non-flammable and oxidatively stable sulfones are promising electrolyte solvents for thermally stable high-voltage Li batteries. In addition, sulfolane-based high-concentration electrolytes (HCEs) show high Li+ ion transference numbers. However, LiPF6 has not yet been investigated as the main salt in sulfone-based HCEs for Li batteries. In this study, we investigated the phase behaviors, solvate structures, and transport properties of binary and ternary mixtures of LiPF6 and the following sulfone solvents: sulfolane (SL), dimethyl sulfone (DMS), ethyl methyl sulfone (EMS), and 3-methyl sulfolane (MSL). The stable crystalline solvates Li(SL)4PF6 and Li(DMS)2.5PF6 with high melting points were formed in the LiPF6/SL and LiPF6/DMS mixtures, respectively. In contrast, LiPF6/EMS, LiPF6/MSL, and LiPF6/SL/another sulfone mixtures remained liquids over a wide temperature range. Raman spectroscopy revealed that SL and another sulfone are competitively coordinated to Li+ ions to dissociate LiPF6 in the ternary mixtures. Although the ionic conductivity decreased with increasing LiPF6 concentration due to an increase in viscosity, Li+ ions diffused faster than PF6-via exchanging ligands in the HCE [LiPF6]/[SL]/[DMS] = 1/2/2, resulting in a higher Li ion transference number than that in conventional Li battery electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ugata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yichuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Shuhei Miyazaki
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Shohei Sasagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Kazuhide Ueno
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Watanabe
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kaoru Dokko
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
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7
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Tasaki N, Ugata Y, Hashimoto K, Kokubo H, Ueno K, Watanabe M, Dokko K. Tetra-arm poly(ethylene glycol) gels with highly concentrated sulfolane-based electrolytes exhibiting high Li-ion transference numbers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37401384 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01928d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that tetra-arm poly(ethylene glycol) gels containing highly concentrated sulfolane-based electrolytes exhibit high Li+ transference numbers. The low polymer concentration and homogeneous polymer network in the gel electrolyte are useful in achieving both mechanical reliability and high Li+ transport ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Tasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Ugata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Centre, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kei Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kokubo
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Kazuhide Ueno
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Centre, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Watanabe
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Centre, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kaoru Dokko
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Centre, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
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8
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Watanabe Y, Ugata Y, Ueno K, Watanabe M, Dokko K. Does Li-ion transport occur rapidly in localized high-concentration electrolytes? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:3092-3099. [PMID: 36621826 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05319e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The ionic conductivity and lithium-ion transference number of electrolytes significantly influence the rate capability of Li-ion batteries. Highly concentrated Li-salt/sulfolane (SL) electrolytes exhibit elevated Li+ transference numbers due to lithium-ion hopping via a ligand exchange mechanism within their -Li+-SL-Li+- network. However, highly concentrated electrolytes (HCEs) are extremely viscous and have an ionic conductivity that is one order of magnitude less than that of conventional electrolytes. Dilution of HCEs with a non-coordinating hydrofluoroether (HFE) lowers the viscosity and produces localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCE). However, the mechanism of Li+ transport in LHCEs is unclear. This study investigated the transport properties of LHCEs prepared by diluting a SL-based HCE with 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether. Electrolyte viscosity decreases dramatically upon dilution, whereas ionic conductivity increases only slightly. Ion diffusivity increases with increasing HFE content due to the decrease in electrolyte viscosity. However, the Li+ transference number declines, because the HFE interferes with conduction via the Li+ hopping mechanism. The resulting decrease in the product of ionic conductivity and Li+ transference number indicates superior lithium-ion transport in the parent HCE compared with LHCEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Ugata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan. .,Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center (ACERC), Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Ueno
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan. .,Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center (ACERC), Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Watanabe
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center (ACERC), Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kaoru Dokko
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan. .,Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center (ACERC), Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
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9
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Valdez NR, Herman DJ, Nemer MB, Rodriguez MA, Allcorn E. Crystal structures of polymerized lithium chloride and dimethyl sulfoxide in the form of {2LiCl·3DMSO} n and {LiCl·DMSO} n. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2023; 79:33-37. [PMID: 36628363 PMCID: PMC9815132 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989022011896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Two novel LiCl·DMSO polymer structures were created by combining dry LiCl salt with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), namely, catena-poly[[chlorido-lithium(I)]-μ-(dimethyl sulfoxide)-κ2 O:O-[chlorido-lithium(I)]-di-μ-(dimethyl sulfoxide)-κ4 O:O], [Li2Cl2(C2H6OS)3] n , and catena-poly[lithium(I)-μ-chlorido-μ-(dimethyl sulfoxide)-κ2 O:O], [LiCl(C2H6OS)] n . The initial synthesized phase had very small block-shaped crystals (<0.08 mm) with monoclinic symmetry and a 2 LiCl: 3 DMSO ratio. As the solution evaporated, a second phase formed with a plate-shaped crystal morphology. After about 20 minutes, large (>0.20 mm) octa-hedron-shaped crystals formed. The plate crystals and the octa-hedron crystals are the same tetra-gonal structure with a 1 LiCl: 1 DMSO ratio. These structures are reported and compared to other known LiCl·solvent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole R. Valdez
- Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank Blvd. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
| | - David J. Herman
- Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank Blvd. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
| | - Martin B. Nemer
- Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank Blvd. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
| | - Mark A. Rodriguez
- Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank Blvd. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
| | - Eric Allcorn
- Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank Blvd. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
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10
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Motoyoshi R, Li S, Tsuzuki S, Ghosh A, Ueno K, Dokko K, Watanabe M. Carbonaceous-Material-Induced Gelation of Concentrated Electrolyte Solutions for Application in Lithium-Sulfur Battery Cathodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:45403-45413. [PMID: 36174225 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries can theoretically deliver high energy densities exceeding 2500 Wh kg-1. However, high sulfur loading and lean electrolyte conditions are two major requirements to enhance the actual energy density of the Li-S batteries. Herein, the use of carbon-dispersed highly concentrated electrolyte (HCE) gels with sparingly solvating characteristics as sulfur hosts in Li-S batteries is proposed as a unique approach to construct continuous electron-transport and ion-conduction paths in sulfur cathodes as well as achieve high energy density under lean-electrolyte conditions. The sol-gel behavior of carbon-dispersed sulfolane-based HCEs was investigated using phase diagrams. The sol-to-gel transition was mainly dependent on the amount of the carbonaceous material and the Li salt content. The gelation was caused by the carbonaceous-material-induced formation of an integrated network. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the strong cation-π interactions between Li+ and the induced dipole of graphitic carbon were responsible for facilitating the dispersion of the carbonaceous material into the HCEs, thereby permitting gel formation at high Li-salt concentrations. The as-prepared carbon-dispersed sulfolane-based composite gels were employed as efficient sulfur hosts in Li-S batteries. The use of gel-type sulfur hosts eliminates the requirement for excess electrolytes and thus facilitates the practical realization of Li-S batteries under lean-electrolyte conditions. A Li-S pouch cell that achieved a high cell-energy density (up to 253 Wh kg-1) at a high sulfur loading (4.1 mg cm-2) and low electrolyte/sulfur ratio (4.2 μL mg-1) was developed. Furthermore, a Li-S polymer battery was fabricated by combining the composite gel cathode and a polymer gel electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Motoyoshi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Shanglin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Seiji Tsuzuki
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Ueno
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kaoru Dokko
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Watanabe
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
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11
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Mistry A, Yu Z, Peters BL, Fang C, Wang R, Curtiss LA, Balsara NP, Cheng L, Srinivasan V. Toward Bottom-Up Understanding of Transport in Concentrated Battery Electrolytes. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:880-890. [PMID: 35912355 PMCID: PMC9335914 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up understanding of transport describes how molecular changes alter species concentrations and electrolyte voltage drops in operating batteries. Such an understanding is essential to predictively design electrolytes for desired transport behavior. We herein advocate building a structure-property-performance relationship as a systematic approach to accurate bottom-up understanding. To ensure generalization across salt concentrations as well as different electrolyte types and cell configurations, the property-performance relation must be described using Newman's concentrated solution theory. It uses Stefan-Maxwell diffusivity, ij , to describe the role of molecular motions at the continuum scale. The key challenge is to connect ij to the structure. We discuss existing methods for making such a connection, their peculiarities, and future directions to advance our understanding of electrolyte transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashutosh Mistry
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National
Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Joint
Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhou Yu
- Joint
Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Materials
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Brandon L. Peters
- Joint
Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Materials
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Chao Fang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint Center
for Energy Storage Research, Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rui Wang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint Center
for Energy Storage Research, Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Larry A. Curtiss
- Joint
Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Materials
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint Center
for Energy Storage Research, Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lei Cheng
- Joint
Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Materials
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Venkat Srinivasan
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National
Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Joint
Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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12
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Wang B, Liu J, Ock JY, Motoyoshi R, Li S, Ueno K, Dokko K, Tsuzuki S, Watanabe M. LiNi 0.5Mn 1.5O 4-Hybridized Gel Polymer Cathode and Gel Polymer Electrolyte Containing a Sulfolane-Based Highly Concentrated Electrolyte for the Fabrication of a 5 V Class of Flexible Lithium Batteries. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:17732-17740. [PMID: 35664591 PMCID: PMC9161388 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The design and fabrication of lithium secondary batteries with a high energy density and shape flexibility are essential for flexible and wearable electronics. In this study, we fabricated a high-voltage (5 V class) flexible lithium polymer battery using a lithium nickel manganese oxide (LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4) cathode. A LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4-hybridized gel polymer cathode (GPC) and a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) membrane, both containing a sulfolane (SL)-based highly concentrated electrolyte (HCE), enabled the fabrication of a polymer battery by simple lamination with a metallic lithium anode, where the injection of the electrolyte solution was not required. GPC with high flexibility has a hierarchically continuous three-dimensional porous architecture, which is advantageous for forming continuous ion-conduction paths. The GPE membrane has significant ionic conductivity enough for reliable capacity delivery. Therefore, the fabricated lithium polymer pouch cells demonstrated excellent capacity retention under continuous deformation conditions. This study provides a promising strategy for the fabrication of scalable and flexible 5 V class batteries using GPC and GPE containing SL-based HCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binshen Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama
National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
- Institute
of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Advanced
Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Ji-young Ock
- Department
of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama
National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Motoyoshi
- Department
of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama
National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Shanglin Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama
National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Ueno
- Department
of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama
National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
- Advanced
Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kaoru Dokko
- Department
of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama
National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
- Advanced
Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Seiji Tsuzuki
- Advanced
Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Watanabe
- Advanced
Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
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13
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Pargoletti E, Arnaboldi S, Cappelletti G, Longhi M, Meroni D, Minguzzi A, Mussini PR, Rondinini S, Vertova A. Smart interfaces in Li-ion batteries: Near-future key challenges. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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14
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DOKKO K. Study on Fundamental Properties of Solvate Electrolytes and Their Application in Batteries. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.22-00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru DOKKO
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University
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15
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Zhu P, Zu Y, Kuai Y, Gao S, Wu G, Chen W, Wu L, Chen C, Liu G. Novel high-performance anodic materials for lithium ion batteries: two-dimensional Sn-X (X = C, Si, and Ge) alloy monolayers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:26428-26437. [PMID: 34797354 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04426e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have always been the focus of researchers for energy storage applications. Here, the first-principles density functional theory method was used to explore the possibility of using stanene derived structures as LIB anodes. And such two-dimensional structures are similar to graphene or stanene, but half of the Sn atoms are replaced by group-IV atoms to form new structures, which are called Sn-X (X = C, Si, and Ge). Our calculation results showed that the optimized structure, lattice constant and other parameters are consistent with those reported in previous studies. Meanwhile, we found out that the semiconductor properties of pristine Sn-X transform into metal properties after the adsorption of Li. Then, by calculating the adsorption concentration of Li ions on the Sn-X monolayers, we found that these kinds of materials can meet the requirements of battery anodes very well, not only in terms of their open-circuit voltage, but also storage capacity. For Sn-Si and Sn-Ge, their theoretical capacities can be as high as 1095.78 mA h g-1 (Li6Sn-Si) and 840.88 mA h g-1 (Li6Sn-Ge). At last, based on the investigation of their diffusion path, Sn-X has been found to have high charge and discharge rates because of its low barrier. By reason of the foregoing, 2D Sn-X monolayers will be excellent battery anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China. .,School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100, 876, China
| | - Yunxiao Zu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China. .,School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100, 876, China
| | - Yue Kuai
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 7, 10055, China.
| | - Shuli Gao
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 7, 10055, China.
| | - Ge Wu
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 7, 10055, China.
| | - Wen Chen
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 7, 10055, China.
| | - Liyuan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.
| | - Changcheng Chen
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 7, 10055, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China. .,School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100, 876, China
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