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Monga J, Ghosh NS, Rani I, Singh R, Deswal G, Dhingra AK, Grewal AS. Unlocking the Pharmacological Potential of Benzimidazole Derivatives: A Pathway to Drug Development. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:437-485. [PMID: 38311918 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266283641240109080047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Heterocyclic molecules have fascinated a massive interest in medicinal chemistry. They are heterocyclic compounds that have gained significance due to their diverse variety of pharmacological activities. Benzimidazole is a heterocyclic compound consisting of benzene and imidazole rings. The ease of synthesis and the structural versatility of benzimidazole make it a promising scaffold for drug development. Many biological actions of benzimidazole derivatives have been well documented, including antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular, and anthelmintic properties. The mechanism of action of benzimidazole derivatives varies with their chemical structure and target enzyme. This review has explored numerous methods for producing benzimidazole derivatives as well as a broad range of pharmacological activities. SAR investigations are also discussed in this review as they provide crucial details regarding the essential structural qualities that benzimidazole derivatives must have in order to be biologically active, which could aid in the rational design of new drug candidates. Benzimidazole scaffold is an exclusive structure in drug design and discovery. Many new pharmaceutical drugs containing benzimidazole are anticipated to be available within the next ten years as a result of the extensive therapeutic applications of benzimidazole and its derivatives. This review inspired many researchers to develop more biologically active compounds bearing benzimidazole, expanding the scope of finding a remedy for other diseases. From this study, we concluded that 2-substituted benzimidazole was considered more extensively by researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Monga
- Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Ch. Devi Lal College of Pharmacy, Jagadhri, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India
| | - Niladry S Ghosh
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Isha Rani
- Spurthy College of Pharmacy, Marasur Gate, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ranjit Singh
- Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Geeta Deswal
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India
| | | | - Ajmer S Grewal
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India
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Kusuma S, Bawiskar DB, Singh C, Panneerselvam P, Sinha P, Samal AK, Jadhav AH. Facile one pot synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives under mild conditions by using engineered MgO@DFNS as heterogeneous catalyst. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32110-32125. [PMID: 37920763 PMCID: PMC10619144 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05761e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzimidazole derivatives are considered as important heterocyclic motifs that show a wide range of pharmaceutical applications. In view of their wide-ranging bioactivities, it is imperative to direct research on the sustainable catalytic synthesis of benzimidazole. Therefore, herein, we report a novel approach for the synthesis of benzimidazole and its derivatives with engineered MgO supported on dendritic fibrous nano silica (MgO@DFNS) as a sustainable heterogeneous catalyst. The catalyst MgO@DFNS was thoroughly characterized to understand its physio-chemical properties using XRD, FE-SEM, XPS, FT-IR, zeta potential, HR-TEM, TGA, TPR and TPD. The obtained results suggested that the catalyst MgO@DFNS prepared well and have the desired characteristics in it. After the successful characterisation of the prepared catalyst MgO@DFNS, it was applied in the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives via condensation of o-phenylenediamine, and various aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes under ambient temperature. The catalyst produced a clean reaction profile with excellent yields in a shorter time under the umbrella of green chemistry. The effect of reaction parameters such as the effect of time, catalyst dosage, loading of MgO, effect of solvents and effect of different homo and heterogeneous catalyst were also tested. Furthermore, to understand the scope of the catalyst different substituted diamines and substituted aldehydes were reacted and obtained desired products in good to efficient yield. In addition, a recyclability study was also conducted and it was observed that the catalyst could be recycled for up to six cycles without noticeable changes in the morphology and activity. We believe that the present methodology gave several advantages such as an eco-friendly method, easy work-up, good selectivity, high yields and quick recovery of catalyst. MgO@DFNS is highly stable for several cycles without significant loss of its activity, which possibly demonstrates its applicability at the industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kusuma
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, JAIN University Global Campus Bengaluru 562112 Karnataka India
- Aragen Life Science Pvt. Ltd. Plot No. 284-A (Part), Bommasandra Bengaluru 562106 India
| | - Dipak B Bawiskar
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, JAIN University Global Campus Bengaluru 562112 Karnataka India
| | - Chob Singh
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, JAIN University Global Campus Bengaluru 562112 Karnataka India
| | - Pratheep Panneerselvam
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, JAIN University Global Campus Bengaluru 562112 Karnataka India
| | - Pradipta Sinha
- Aragen Life Science Pvt. Ltd. Plot No. 284-A (Part), Bommasandra Bengaluru 562106 India
| | - Akshaya K Samal
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, JAIN University Global Campus Bengaluru 562112 Karnataka India
| | - Arvind H Jadhav
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, JAIN University Global Campus Bengaluru 562112 Karnataka India
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Chung NT, Dung VC, Duc DX. Recent achievements in the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32734-32771. [PMID: 37942457 PMCID: PMC10628531 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05960j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzimidazoles are a class of heterocyclic compounds in which a benzene ring is fused to the 4 and 5 positions of an imidazole ring. Benzimidazole refers to the parent compound, while benzimidazoles are a class of heterocyclic compounds having similar ring structures, but different substituents. Benzimidazole derivatives possess a wide range of bioactivities including antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antiviral, anticancer, and antihypertensive activities. Many compounds possessing a benzimidazole skeleton have been employed as drugs in the market. The application of benzimidazoles in other fields has also been documented. The synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives has attracted much attention from chemists and numerous articles on the synthesis of this class of heterocyclic compound have been reported over the years. The condensation between 1,2-benzenediamine and aldehydes has received intensive interest, while many novel methods have been developed. In this article, we will give a comprehensive review of studies on the synthesis of benzimidazole, which date back to 2013. We have also tried to describe reaction mechanisms as much as we can. The work might be useful for chemists who work in the synthesis of heterocycles or drug chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Education, Vinh University 182 Le Duan Street Nghe An 430000 Vietnam
| | - Vo Cong Dung
- Centre for Education Accreditation, Vinh University 182 Le Duan Street Nghe An 430000 Vietnam
| | - Dau Xuan Duc
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Education, Vinh University 182 Le Duan Street Nghe An 430000 Vietnam
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Kohli S, Rathee G, Hooda S, Chandra R. Exploring the untapped catalytic application of a ZnO/CuI/PPy nanocomposite for the green synthesis of biologically active 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazole scaffolds. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:2352-2360. [PMID: 37056623 PMCID: PMC10089100 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00077j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This work is focused on designing an innovative, efficient, and reusable heterogeneous ZnO/CuI/PPy nanocomposite via the self-assembly approach where pyrrole is oxidized into polypyrrole (PPy) and pyrrole also behaves as a reductant in the presence of KI. This so-obtained material was characterized by XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDX, TEM, XPS, and ICP. TEM clearly shows a spherical morphology with the particle size ranging between 18 and 42 nm. The fabricated nanomaterial was tested for one-pot catalytic synthesis of biologically active 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles under solvent-free conditions. The present work includes the benefits of an easy work-up procedure, higher product yield, shorter reaction duration, and no additional additive requirement under green and sustainable conditions. Moreover, the catalyst exhibited reusability for six runs with no considerable reduction in the respective yields and reactivity (confirmed by XRD, SEM, and TEM of the recycled catalyst). The ICP study shows very low leaching of copper (2.08 ppm) and zinc (0.12 ppm) metals. The approach also presented better values of green metrics like the E-factor, process mass intensity, carbon efficiency and reaction mass efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Kohli
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi Delhi-110007 India
| | - Garima Rathee
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi Delhi-110007 India
| | - Sunita Hooda
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi Delhi-110019 India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi Delhi-110007 India
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi Delhi-110007 India
- Institute of Nanomedical Science (INMS), University of Delhi Delhi-110007 India
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Wang S, Chen X, Bao L, Liu K, Bi Y, Xue Y, Liu X, Gu Q, Zhang Y. A Magnetic Fe
3
O
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/Modified Bentonite Composite as Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Synthesizing 2‐Substituted Benzimidazoles. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Lijian Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Kejun Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yongchang Bi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yafei Xue
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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Kumar L, Verma N, Tomar R, Sehrawat H, Kumar R, Chandra R. Development of bioactive 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives using an MnO x/HT nanocomposite catalyst. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:3006-3015. [PMID: 36779313 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02923e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Benzimidazole is a vital moiety found in a wide range of naturally and pharmacologically active molecules. We prepared a proficient and facile manganese oxide-supported magnesium and aluminium-based nanocomposite catalytic framework using the deposition-precipitation method and characterised it with XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, and TGA techniques. Following that, the catalyst was used in the green synthesis of highly functional 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives in an ethanol-water solvent system at room temperature using various assorted benzaldehydes and o-phenylenediamine as substituents. The synthesised catalyst operates efficiently and is applicable to a wide range of electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substrates, resulting in good to excellent yields. The advantages of this process include the use of a greener solvent, high yield, high conversions, no use of additives or bases, a good TOF, and a shorter reaction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loveneesh Kumar
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Nishant Verma
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Ravi Tomar
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana-122505, India
| | - Hitesh Sehrawat
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Rupesh Kumar
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. .,Department of Chemistry, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. .,Dr B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.,Institute of Nanomedical Sciences (INMS), University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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Kohli S, Rathee G, Hooda S, Chandra R. An efficient approach for the green synthesis of biologically active 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1 H)-ones using a magnetic EDTA coated copper based nanocomposite. RSC Adv 2023; 13:1923-1932. [PMID: 36712626 PMCID: PMC9832363 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07496f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
2,3-Dihydroquinazolinone derivatives are known for antiviral, antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. However, recent approaches used for their synthesis suffer from various drawbacks. Therefore, we have fabricated a highly efficient magnetic EDTA-coated catalyst, Fe3O4@EDTA/CuI via a simple approach. The ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) plays a crucial role by strongly trapping the catalytic sites of CuI nanoparticles on the surface of the Fe3O4 core. The designed nanocatalyst demonstrates its potential for the catalytic synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolinones using 2-aminobenzamide with aldehydes as the reaction partners. The nanocatalyst was thoroughly characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and inductively coupled plasma analysis (ICP). The physiochemically characterized nanocatalyst was tested for synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolinones and higher yields of derivatives were obtained with less time duration. Moreover, the catalytic synthesis is easy to operate without the use of any kind of additives/bases. Furthermore, the catalyst was magnetically recoverable after the completion of the reaction and displayed reusability for six successive rounds without any loss in its catalytic efficiency (confirmed by XRD, SEM, and TEM of the recycled material) along with very low leaching of copper (2.12 ppm) and iron (0.06 ppm) ions. Also, the green metrics were found in correlation with the ideal values (such as E factor (0.10), process mass intensity (1.10), carbon efficiency (96%) and reaction mass efficiency (90.62%)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Kohli
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of DelhiDelhi-110007India
| | - Garima Rathee
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of DelhiDelhi-110007India
| | - Sunita Hooda
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of DelhiDelhi-110019India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of DelhiDelhi-110007India,Dr B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of DelhiDelhi-110007India,Institute of Nanomedical Science (INMS), University of DelhiDelhi-110007India
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Shatrova AA. Straightforward Synthesis of 2-(1H-Pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-benzimidazoles. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022060070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rodenes M, Gonell F, Martín S, Corma A, Sorribes I. Molecularly Engineering Defective Basal Planes in Molybdenum Sulfide for the Direct Synthesis of Benzimidazoles by Reductive Coupling of Dinitroarenes with Aldehydes. JACS AU 2022; 2:601-612. [PMID: 35373204 PMCID: PMC8965831 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing more sustainable catalytic processes for preparing N-heterocyclic compounds in a less costly, compact, and greener manner from cheap and readily available reagents is highly desirable in modern synthetic chemistry. Herein, we report a straightforward synthesis of benzimidazoles by reductive coupling of o-dinitroarenes with aldehydes in the presence of molecular hydrogen. An innovative molecular cluster-based synthetic strategy that employs Mo3S4 complexes as precursors have been used to engineer a sulfur-deficient molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-type material displaying structural defects on both the naturally occurring edge positions and along the typically inactive basal planes. By applying this catalyst, a broad range of functionalized 2-substituted benzimidazoles, including bioactive compounds, can be selectively synthesized by such a direct hydrogenative coupling protocol even in the presence of hydrogenation-sensitive functional groups, such as double and triple carbon-carbon bonds, nitrile and ester groups, and halogens as well as diverse types of heteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Rodenes
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química-Universitat Politècnica
de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
(UPV-CSIC), Avenida de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Gonell
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química-Universitat Politècnica
de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
(UPV-CSIC), Avenida de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Martín
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Avelino Corma
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química-Universitat Politècnica
de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
(UPV-CSIC), Avenida de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Iván Sorribes
- Instituto
de Tecnología Química-Universitat Politècnica
de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
(UPV-CSIC), Avenida de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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