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Servarayan KL, Sundaram E, Velayutham K, Aravind MK, Sundarapandi M, Ashokkumar B, Sivasamy VV. Simple enzyme based fluorimetric biosensor for urea in human biofluids. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 315:124271. [PMID: 38613899 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
As an important biomarker for renal related diseases, detection of urea is playing a vital role in human biofluids on clinical diagnosis concern. In this work, a synthetic salicyaldehyde based imine fluorophore was synthesized using sonication method and conjugated with urease which was used as fluorescent biosensor for the detection of urea in serum samples. This enzyme based biosensor has shown a good selectivity and sensitivity towards urea with the linear range from 2 to 80 mM and the detection limit of 73 µM. The sensing response obtain is highly agreeing with existing analytical technique for urea detection which strongly recommends this biosensor for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthika Lakshmi Servarayan
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ellairaja Sundaram
- Department of Chemistry, Vivekananda College, Tiruvedakam West, Madurai 625 234, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Manikka Kubendran Aravind
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Manickam Sundarapandi
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Balasubramaniem Ashokkumar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vasantha Vairathevar Sivasamy
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamilnadu, India.
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Cheng L, Zheng W, Zhang YN, Li X, Zhao Y. In Situ Measurement of Urea Concentration With an In-Fiber SPR-MZI Sensor. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2024; 23:403-409. [PMID: 38722715 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2024.3398807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
A fiber-optic urea sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and Mach-Zehnder interference (MZI) combined principle was designed and implemented. By plating gold film on the single-mode-no-core-thin-core-single-mode fiber structure, we successfully excited both SPR and MZI, and constructed two parallel detection channels for simultaneously measurement of urea concentration and temperature. Urease was immobilized on the gold film by metal-organic zeolite skeleton (ZIF-8), which can not only fix a large number of urease to improve measurement sensitivity of urea, but also protect urease activity to ensure the sensor stability. Experimental results indicate that the designed urea sensor with temperature compensation function can detect urea solution with concentration of 1-9 mM, and the sensitivity is 1.4 nm/mM. The proposed measurement method provides a new choice for monitoring urea concentration in the field of medical diagnosis and human health monitoring.
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Metwly W, Fadl E, Soliman M, Ebrahim S, Sabra SA. Glutathione-Capped ZnS Quantum Dots-Urease Conjugate as a Highly Sensitive Urea Probe. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-023-02592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) possess characteristic chemical and optical features. In this light, ZnS QDs capped with glutathione (GSH) were synthesized via an easy aqueous co-precipitation technique. Fabricated QDs were characterized in terms of X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Zeta potential analyses. Optical properties were examined using photoluminescence (PL) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible) spectroscopies. Moreover, GSH-capped ZnS QDs were evaluated as an optical probe for non-enzymatic detection of urea depending on the quenching of PL intensity of ZnS QDs in the presence of urea from concentration range of 0.5–5 mM with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.995, sensitivity of 0.0875 mM−1 and LOD of 0.426 mM. Furthermore, GSH-capped ZnS QDs-urease conjugate was utilized as an optical probe for enzymatic detection of urea in the range from 1.0 µM to 5.0 mM. Interestingly, it was observed that urea has a good affinity towards ZnS QDs-urease conjugate with a linear relationship between the change of PL intensity and urea concentration. It was found that R2 is 0.997 with a sensitivity of 0.042 mM−1 for mM concentration (0.5–5 mM) and LOD of 0.401 mM. In case of µM concentration range (1–100 µM), R2 was 0.971 with a sensitivity of 0.0024 µM−1 and LOD of 0.687 µM. These data suggest that enzyme conjugation to capped QDs might improve their sensitivity and applicability.
Graphical Abstract
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Zhao Z, Xiao J, Zhang X, Jiang J, Zhang M, Li Y, Li T, Wang J. A Thread-based Micro Device for Continuous Electrochemical Detection of Saliva Urea. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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Amina M, Al Musayeib NM, Alarfaj NA, El-Tohamy MF, Al-Hamoud GA, Alqenaei MKM. The Fluorescence Detection of Phenolic Compounds in Plicosepalus curviflorus Extract Using Biosynthesized ZnO Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Potential. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:361. [PMID: 35161341 PMCID: PMC8839429 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A facile, eco-friendly fluorescence approach based on the biogenic formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles using the biomass of Plicosepalus curviflorus shoots was developed. The suggested approach was employed to analyze three phenolic compounds (catechin, curviflorside, and curviflorin) isolated from the shoots of P. curviflorus. The surface morphology of the prepared ZnONPs was characterized by carrying out different microscopic and spectroscopic investigations. A significant UV-Vis absorption peak of ZnONPs was recognized at 345 nm and the FT-IR spectra of the isolated catechin, curviflorside, and curviflorin in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and ZnONPs were recorded at λem 470, 490, and 484 nm after excitation at λex 380, 420, and 410 nm. The suggested fluorescence method displayed linear concentration ranges of 10-120, 5-100, and 10-150 μg mL-1 for the three isolated compounds, respectively. The shoot extract, isolated compounds, and ZnONPs were screened for antibacterial and anticancer effects against four different types of bacterial strains and HeLa cells, respectively. The ZnONPs exhibited the highest zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains when compared with pure, isolated compounds and shoot extract. The anticancer potential of ZnONPs (64%) was stronger as compared to the 160 µg mL-1 of shoot extract (49%), catechin (52%), curviflorside (54%), and curviflorin (58%) at 160 µg mL-1. Moreover, all the samples were investigated for hemolysis activity and showed a potent anti-hemolytic effect. The developed analytical method showed excellent sensitivity and reliability for the concurrent analysis of the isolated bioactive markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musarat Amina
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nawal M. Al Musayeib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nawal A. Alarfaj
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (M.F.E.-T.)
| | - Maha F. El-Tohamy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (M.F.E.-T.)
| | - Gadah A. Al-Hamoud
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muneerah K. M. Alqenaei
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Cai R, Yin L, Huang Q, You R, Feng S, Lu Y. An Endoscope-like SERS Probe Based on the Focusing Effect of Silica Nanospheres for Tyrosine and Urea Detection in Sweat. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:421. [PMID: 35159763 PMCID: PMC8839193 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we developed a new type of SERS probe, which was composed of glass-SiO2-Au@MBN@Ag nanoparticles (NPs) three-dimensional Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate. When the laser passed through the quartz glass sheet, on the one hand, the SiO2 NPs supporting the Au@MBN@Ag NPs increase the roughness of the substrate surface, resulting in a large number of hot spots among nanoparticles. On the other hand, based on the focusing effect of silicon dioxide nanospheres, the laser can better focus on the surface of nanoparticles in the inverted SERS probe, thus showing better SERS enhancement. Furthermore, the Au@MBN@Ag NPs core-shell structure was used with 4-mercaptobenzoonitrile (MBN) as an internal standard molecule, and the quantitative determination of tyrosine and urea was realized by internal standard correction method. The standard working curves of the two had good linear correlation with R2 above 0.9555. The detection limits of tyrosine and urea were in the range of 2.85 × 10-10 M~7.54 × 10-6 M, which confirms that this design can be used for quantitative and specific detection of biological molecules, demonstrating great practical significance for the research of diseases such as skin lesions and endocrine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyuan Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; (R.C.); (L.Y.); (Q.H.)
- Shaanxi Science and Technology Exchange Center, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Lijun Yin
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; (R.C.); (L.Y.); (Q.H.)
| | - Qian Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; (R.C.); (L.Y.); (Q.H.)
| | - Ruiyun You
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; (R.C.); (L.Y.); (Q.H.)
| | - Shangyuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China;
| | - Yudong Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; (R.C.); (L.Y.); (Q.H.)
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Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a wide bandgap semiconductor material that has been widely explored for countless applications, including in biosensing. Among its interesting properties, its remarkable photoluminescence (PL), which typically exhibits an intense signal at room temperature (RT), arises as an extremely appealing alternative transduction approach due to the high sensitivity of its surface properties, providing high sensitivity and selectivity to the sensors relying on luminescence output. Therefore, even though not widely explored, in recent years some studies have been devoted to the use of the PL features of ZnO as an optical transducer for detection and quantification of specific analytes. Hence, in the present paper, we revised the works that have been published in the last few years concerning the use of ZnO nanostructures as the transducer element in different types of PL-based biosensors, namely enzymatic and immunosensors, towards the detection of analytes relevant for health and environment, like antibiotics, glucose, bacteria, virus or even tumor biomarkers. A comprehensive discussion on the possible physical mechanisms that rule the optical sensing response is also provided, as well as a warning regarding the effect that the buffer solution may play on the sensing experiments, as it was seen that the use of phosphate-containing solutions significantly affects the stability of the ZnO nanostructures, which may conduct to misleading interpretations of the sensing results and unreliable conclusions.
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Zhang Y, Zhang L. Designed multifunctional ratiometric fluorescent probe for directly detecting fluoride ion/ dichromate and indirectly monitoring urea. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126271. [PMID: 34119981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UiO-66-NH2@eosin Y composite was obtained by confining eosin Y (EY) into the cavities of Zr-MOF and could emit two fluorescence peaks at 453 and 543 nm at an excitation wavelength of 355 nm. This multi-responsive and multifunctional ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe not only enable directly distinct detection of F-/Cr2O72- with ultra-high selectivity and sensitivity, but also could indirectly monitor the concentration of urea based on unique enzymatic hydrolysis reaction. The multifunctional probe was utilized for fluorescence labeling F-/Cr2O72- in sweat latent fingerprint through an environmentally friendly powder strategy and exhibited obvious luminescence visualization changes. Notably, the corresponding portable on-line test strips of probe for detection of F- and Cr2O72- were made for monitoring the levels of F- and Cr2O72-. Furthermore, the probe was applied to evaluate the degrees of F-/Cr2O72- in HepG-2 cell and urea in serum with superior results,which indicate the potential application of the as-synthesized UiO-66-NH2@EY as multifunctional probe for the detection of F-, Cr2O72- and urea in biological samples. Finally, in order to extend the device-based applications of probe, an AND-OR-coupled molecular logic gate was put on agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110036, People's Republic of China.
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