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Chaudhary K, Agrahari B, Biswas B, Chatterjee N, Chaudhary A, Kumar A, Sonker H, Dewan S, Saxena D, Akhir A, Malhotra N, Chopra S, Misra S, Matheswaran S, Singh RG. Pyridine-2,6-Dicarboxamide Proligands and their Cu(II)/Zn(II) Complexes Targeting Staphylococcus Aureus for the Attenuation of In Vivo Dental Biofilm. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400378. [PMID: 38621382 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
In the pursuit to combat stubborn bacterial infections, particularly those stemming from gram-positive bacteria, this study is an attempt to craft a precision-driven platform characterized by unparalleled selectivity, specificity, and synergistic antimicrobial mechanisms. Leveraging remarkable potential of metalloantibiotics in antimicrobial applications, herein, this work rationally designs, synthesizes, and characterizes a new library of Pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide ligands and their corresponding transition metal Cu(II)/Zn(II) complexes. The lead compound L11 demonstrates robust antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) = 2-16 µg mL-1), methicillin and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (MIC = 2-4 µg mL-1) and exhibit superior antibacterial activity when compared to FDA-approved vancomycin, the drug of last resort. Additionally, the compound exhibits notable antimicrobial efficacy against resistant enterococcus strains (MIC = 2-8 µg mL-1). To unravel mechanistic profile, advanced imaging techniques including SEM and AFM are harnessed, collectively suggesting a mechanistic pathway involving cell wall disruption. Live/dead fluorescence studies further confirm efficacy of L11 and its complexes against S. aureus membranes. This translational exploration extends to a rat model, indicating promising in vivo therapeutic potential. Thus, this comprehensive research initiative has capabilities to transcends the confines of this laboratory, heralding a pivotal step toward combatting antibiotic-resistant pathogens and advancing the frontiers of metalloantibiotics-based therapy with a profound clinical implication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bhumika Biswas
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, IIT, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Niranjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, IIT, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | | | | | | | - Sayari Dewan
- Department of Chemistry, IIT, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Deepanshi Saxena
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Abdul Akhir
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Nidhi Malhotra
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Gautam Budh Nagar, 201314, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Santosh Misra
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, IIT, Kanpur, 208016, India
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2
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Barua M, Bandyopadhyay S, Wasai A, Ghosh M, Roy I, Ghosh P, Koner S, Rizzoli C, Roy A, Saha S, Mandal S. A trinuclear Zn (II) schiff base dicyanamide complex attenuates bacterial biofilm formation by ROS generation and membrane damage and exhibits anticancer activity. Microb Pathog 2024; 188:106548. [PMID: 38262493 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
A trinuclear Zn (II) complex, [(ZnL{N(CN)2})2Zn], termed complex 1 has been synthesized by the reaction of an aqueous solution of sodium dicyanamide to the methanolic solution of Zn (CH3COO)2, 2H2O and corresponding Schiff base (H2L) which is derived from 1:2 condensation of 1, 4 butane diamine with 3-ethoxy salicylaldehyde. Complex 1 is characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV and Single X-ray diffraction study. Drug resistance is a growing global public health concern that has prompted researchers to look into advanced alternative treatment modalities. In this context, complex 1 has shown promising antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Complex 1 attenuated Staphylococcal biofilm formation by reducing several virulence factors including the formation of extracellular polysaccharide matrix, slime, haemolysin, staphyloxanthin, auto-aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity, and motility. Notably, complex 1 mechanistically potentiated Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation within the bacterial cells, leading to the damage of bacterial cell membrane followed by DNA leakage and thereby impeding the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, complex 1 significantly exhibited anticancer activity by reducing the growth of prostate adenocarcinoma cells. It obstructed the migration of cancer cells by potentiating apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. In summary, complex 1 could act as a potent candidate for the generation of novel antibacterial, antibiofilm as well as anticancer treatment regimens for the management of drug-resistant biofilm-mediated Staphylococcus aureus infection and lethal prostate malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamata Barua
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700131, India
| | - Shrabasti Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Abdul Wasai
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Noida, J3 Block, Room 111, Sector 125, Noida, 201303, UP, India
| | - Mrinmoy Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700131, India
| | - Indrani Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700131, India
| | - Pameli Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Subratanath Koner
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Corrado Rizzoli
- Universita' degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento S.C.V.S.A., Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Adhiraj Roy
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Noida, J3 Block, Room 111, Sector 125, Noida, 201303, UP, India.
| | - Sandip Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700131, India.
| | - Supratim Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India.
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Biswas S, Wasai A, Ghosh M, Rizzoli C, Roy A, Saha S, Mandal S. A mononuclear N,N,N,O donor schiff base Cu(II) complex inhibits bacterial biofilm formation and promotes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in prostate cancer cells. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 247:112314. [PMID: 37478779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a distorted square pyramidal mononuclear copper(II) complex [Cu(L)(NCS)] (1) which was obtained by the reaction of the aqueous solution of ammonium thiocyanate to a methanolic solution of copper nitrate trihydrate and corresponding Schiff-base ligands. Schiff bases, HL (C12H19N3O) act as a tetradentate Schiff base, derived from 1:1 condensation of o-hydroxyacetophenone and diethylenetriamine. The synthesized complex has been successfully characterized based on elemental analysis and Infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The structure of complex 1 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. In our study, we investigated synthesis, structural characterization, antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, and anti-cancer activity, and plausible mechanism of action of a novel mononuclear copper(II) schiff base complex. Increasing microbial resistance to several commercially available or traditional antimicrobial compounds has become a major global health concern at present time. The mononuclear copper(II) complex exhibited potential antibacterial activity against two strains of the gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The copper compound dependent damage of bacterial cell membrane and inhibition of bacterial biofilm formation were also identified. Moreover, complex 1 inhibited prostate cancer cell growth, and migration by inducing apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. Based on the results, we are suggesting our novel mononuclear copper(II) compound as a potential candidate for the development of new antibacterial and anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samik Biswas
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India.
| | - Abdul Wasai
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Noida, J3 Block, Room 111, Sector 125, Noida 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mrinmoy Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpore, Kolkata 700131, West Bengal, India.
| | - Corrado Rizzoli
- Universitá degli Studi di Parma, Dip. di Chimica G.I.A.F., Viale G.P. Usberti 17/A, I-43100 Parma, Italy.
| | - Adhiraj Roy
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Noida, J3 Block, Room 111, Sector 125, Noida 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Sandip Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpore, Kolkata 700131, West Bengal, India.
| | - Supratim Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India.
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Majumder A, Sarkar C, Das I, Sk S, Bandyopadhyay S, Mandal S, Bera M. Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of a Series of Zinc(II) Complexes of Anthracene-Affixed Multifunctional Organic Assembly as Potential Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Agents against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:22781-22804. [PMID: 37129921 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel class of zinc(II)-based metal complexes, i.e., [Zn2(acdp)(μ-Cl)]·2H2O (1), [Zn2(acdp)(μ-NO3)]·2H2O (2), and [Zn2(acdp)(μ-O2CCF3)]·2H2O (3) (Cl- = chloride; NO3- = nitrate; CF3CO2- = trifluoroacetate) of anthracene-affixed multifunctional organic assembly, H3acdp (H3acdp = N,N'-bis[anthracene-2-ylmethyl]-N,N'-bis[carboxymethyl]-1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol), have emerged as promising antibacterial and antibiofilm agents in the domain of medicinal chemistry. Accordingly, complexes 1-3 were synthesized by utilizing H3acdp in combination with ZnCl2, Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, and Zn(CF3CO2)2·H2O respectively, in the presence of NaOH at ambient temperature. The complexation between H3acdp and Zn2+ was delineated by a combined approach of spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric titration studies. The stoichiometry of acdp3-/Zn2+ in all three complexes is observed to be 1:2, as confirmed by spectrophotometric/spectrofluorometric titration data. Elemental analysis (C, H, N, Zn), molar conductance, FTIR, UV-vis, and thermoanalytical (TGA/DTA) data were effectively used to characterize these complexes. Besides, the structures of 1-3 were established by density functional theory (DFT) calculation using B3LYP/6-311G, specifying a self-assembled compact geometry with average Zn···Zn separation of 3.4629 Å. All three zinc complexes exhibited significantly high antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA BAA1717). However, complex 1 showed a more recognizable activity than 2 and 3, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 200, 350, and 450 μg/mL, respectively. The antimicrobial activity was tested by employing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and time-kill assay. The crystal violet (CV) assay and microscopic study were performed to examine the antibiofilm activity. As observed, complexes 1-3 had an effect on the production of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), biofilm cell-viability, and other virulence factors such as staphyloxanthin and hemolysin production, autoaggregation ability, and microbial cell-surface hydrophobicity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated due to inhibition of staphyloxanthin production in response to 1-3 were also analyzed. Moreover, complexes 1-3 showed an ability to damage the bacterial cell membrane due to accumulation of ROS resulting in DNA leakage. In addition, complexes 1-3 displayed a synergistic/additive activity with a commercially available antibiotic drug, vancomycin, with enhanced antibacterial activity. On the whole, our investigation disclosed that complex 1 could be a promising drug lead and attract much attention to medicinal chemists compared to 2 and 3 from therapeutic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Majumder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Indrajit Das
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Sujan Sk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Shrabasti Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Supratim Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Manindranath Bera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
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Mohan N, Vidhya CV, Suni V, Mohamed Ameer J, Kasoju N, Mohanan PV, Sreejith SS, Prathapachandra Kurup MR. Copper( ii) salen-based complexes as potential anticancer agents. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02170f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The systematic design and synthesis of four Cu(ii) salen compounds and their potential as excellent anticancer agents is discussed using biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Mohan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala-682 022, India
| | - C. V. Vidhya
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, NIT Campus 673 601, Kerala, India
| | - V. Suni
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, NIT Campus 673 601, Kerala, India
| | - Jimna Mohamed Ameer
- Division of Tissue Culture, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695012, India
| | - Naresh Kasoju
- Division of Tissue Culture, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695012, India
| | - P. V. Mohanan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala-682 022, India
| | - S. S. Sreejith
- Department of Chemical Oceanography, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, Kerala, India
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