1
|
Wang Y, Goudeli E. The onset of aerosol Au nanoparticle crystallization: accretion & explosive nucleation. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:17942-17953. [PMID: 39189868 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02359e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The crystallization of gold nanoparticles is investigated in the gas-phase by molecular dynamics (MD) that is most relevant to their synthesis by aerosol processes (flame, plasma, or cluster beam deposition). A particle size-dependent metastable region, 200-300 °C wide, is revealed between the melting and freezing points of Au. This region decreases as the MD heating or cooling rates decrease. Two separate stages, subcritical and supercritical cluster formation, are distinguished during isothermal crystallization of 2.5-11 nm Au nanoparticles at 500-1000 K. The degree of Au crystallization (face-centered cubic or hexagonal close-packing) is quantified based on the Au atom local crystalline disorder. The onset of crystallization is identified by the steep rise of the fraction of atoms that retain their crystallinity in the largest subcritical cluster, accompanied by a sharp drop of the amorphous fraction of the Au nanoparticle. Crystallization starts from, at least, one atom layer below the surface of the nanoparticle and then quickly expands to its surface and bulk. Two crystallization nucleation pathways are identified: (a) explosive nucleation well below the Au freezing point resulting in many small and broadly distributed crystals; and (b) accretion nucleation near the freezing point where narrowly distributed and larger crystals are formed that grow by accretion and coalescence. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns are generated by MD, from which the dynamics of crystal growth are elucidated, consistent with the literature and in excellent agreement with direct tracing of crystal sizes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, CH-8092, Switzerland
- Center for Combustion Energy, Key Laboratory of Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Eirini Goudeli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meivita MP, Mozar FS, Go SX, Li L, Bajalovic N, Loke DK. Energy-Efficient and Effective MCF-7 Cell Ablation and Electrothermal Therapy Enabled by M13-WS 2-PEG Nanostructures. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:4624. [PMID: 39336365 PMCID: PMC11433225 DOI: 10.3390/ma17184624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Thermal agents (TAs) have exhibited promise in clinical tests when utilized in cancer thermal therapy (TT). While rapid degradation of TAs may address safety concerns, it limits the thermal stability required for effective treatment. TAs, which possess exceptional thermal stability, experience gradual deterioration. There are few approaches that effectively address the trade-off between improving thermal stability and simultaneously boosting material deterioration. Here, we control the thermal character of tungsten disulfide (WS2)-based 2D materials by utilizing an M13 phage through Joule heating (the M13-WS2-PEG nanostructures were generated and termed a tripartite (T) nanostructure), and developed a T nanostructure-driven TT platform (we called it T-TT) for efficient thermal ablation of clinically relevant MCF-7 cells. A relative cell viability of ~59% was achieved, as well as onset time of degradation of ~0.5 week. The T-TT platform also discloses an energy density of 5.9 J/mL. Furthermore, the phage-conjugated WS2 can be utilized to achieve ultrasound imaging for disease monitoring. Therefore, this research not only presents a thermal agent that overcomes TA limitations, but also demonstrates a practical application of WS2-type material system in ultra-energy efficient and effective cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria P. Meivita
- Department of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Fitya S. Mozar
- Department of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Shao-Xiang Go
- Department of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Lunna Li
- Thomas Young Centre and Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Natasa Bajalovic
- Department of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Desmond K. Loke
- Department of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Y, Liu Y, Lu Y, Gong S, Haick H, Cheng W, Wang Y. Tailor-Made Gold Nanomaterials for Applications in Soft Bioelectronics and Optoelectronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2405046. [PMID: 39022844 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
In modern nanoscience and nanotechnology, gold nanomaterials are indispensable building blocks that have demonstrated a plethora of applications in catalysis, biology, bioelectronics, and optoelectronics. Gold nanomaterials possess many appealing material properties, such as facile control over their size/shape and surface functionality, intrinsic chemical inertness yet with high biocompatibility, adjustable localized surface plasmon resonances, tunable conductivity, wide electrochemical window, etc. Such material attributes have been recently utilized for designing and fabricating soft bioelectronics and optoelectronics. This motivates to give a comprehensive overview of this burgeoning field. The discussion of representative tailor-made gold nanomaterials, including gold nanocrystals, ultrathin gold nanowires, vertically aligned gold nanowires, hard template-assisted gold nanowires/gold nanotubes, bimetallic/trimetallic gold nanowires, gold nanomeshes, and gold nanosheets, is begun. This is followed by the description of various fabrication methodologies for state-of-the-art applications such as strain sensors, pressure sensors, electrochemical sensors, electrophysiological devices, energy-storage devices, energy-harvesting devices, optoelectronics, and others. Finally, the remaining challenges and opportunities are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Yuerui Lu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Computing and Cybernetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Shu Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hossam Haick
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for Health and Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li W, Kong L, Xu M, Gao J, Luo L, Li Y, Wang K, Zhou Y, Li L, Yuan Wei, Zhang X, Zhao R, Chen M, Yan Y, Luo X, Dai Z, Zheng L, Wang X, Huang W. Microsecond-Scale Transient Thermal Sensing Enabled by Flexible Mo 1-xW xS 2 Alloys. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0452. [PMID: 39171118 PMCID: PMC11337116 DOI: 10.34133/research.0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Real-time thermal sensing through flexible temperature sensors in extreme environments is critically essential for precisely monitoring chemical reactions, propellant combustions, and metallurgy processes. However, despite their low response speed, most existing thermal sensors and related sensing materials will degrade or even lose their sensing performances at either high or low temperatures. Achieving a microsecond response time over an ultrawide temperature range remains challenging. Here, we design a flexible temperature sensor that employs ultrathin and consecutive Mo1-x W x S2 alloy films constructed via inkjet printing and a thermal annealing strategy. The sensing elements exhibit a broad work range (20 to 823 K on polyimide and 1,073 K on flexible mica) and a record-low response time (about 30 μs). These properties enable the sensors to detect instantaneous temperature variations induced by contact with liquid nitrogen, water droplets, and flames. Furthermore, a thermal sensing array offers the spatial mapping of arbitrary shapes, heat conduction, and cold traces even under bending deformation. This approach paves the way for designing unique sensitive materials and flexible sensors for transient sensing under harsh conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays,
Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lingyan Kong
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Manzhang Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Jiuwei Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Lei Luo
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yingzhe Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yilin Zhou
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Lei Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Ruoqing Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Mengdi Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yuting Yan
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Xiaoguang Luo
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Zhaohe Dai
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering,
Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays,
Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an, 710072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays,
Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM),
Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yao M, Zhao L, Fan C, Han X, Wu Z, Sun H, Wang G, Xiao R. Room temperature high-efficiency welding of an ultra-long silver nanowire network for flexible transparent electrodes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8884-8887. [PMID: 39083245 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02580f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
In the preparation of flexible electronic devices, obtaining a transparent conductive electrode with high electrical conductivity, high transparency, and mechanical flexibility is a significant challenge. This study developed a simple method for preparing ultra-long silver nanowires (ul-AgNWs), obtaining high-purity ul-AgNWs with an average length of 317.66 ± 98.60 μm, an average diameter of 78.06 ± 13.87 nm, and an aspect ratio exceeding 4000. Integrating these ul-AgNWs with a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, a flexible transparent electrode (FTE) with Rs = 561 Ω and T = 97% was obtained. The ul-AgNWs were welded by driving the welding liquid to the intersection points through surface tension, resulting in a decrease of Rs to 61 Ω, T = 98.2%, and achieving a FTE with excellent mechanical properties. Furthermore, this FTE was applied in the preparation of OLED devices, showing a turn-on voltage of 2.7 V, and the maximum current efficiency and power efficiency reached 58.6 mA cm-2 and 64.7 lm W-1, respectively, demonstrating its significant potential in flexible optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maomao Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Lulu Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Chunyu Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Xingbo Han
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Zhongbin Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Hengda Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
- Henan Academy of Sciences, Henan 450052, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Ru Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guo X, Sun Y, Sun X, Li J, Wu J, Shi Y, Pan L. Doping Engineering of Conductive Polymers and Their Application in Physical Sensors for Healthcare Monitoring. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300246. [PMID: 37534567 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Physical sensors have emerged as a promising technology for real-time healthcare monitoring, which tracks various physical signals from the human body. Accurate acquisition of these physical signals from biological tissue requires excellent electrical conductivity and long-term durability of the sensors under complex mechanical deformation. Conductive polymers, combining the advantages of conventional polymers and organic conductors, are considered ideal conductive materials for healthcare physical sensors due to their intrinsic conductive network, tunable mechanical properties, and easy processing. Doping engineering has been proposed as an effective approach to enhance the sensitivity, lower the detection limit, and widen the operational range of sensors based on conductive polymers. This approach enables the introduction of dopants into conductive polymers to adjust and control the microstructure and energy levels of conductive polymers, thereby optimizing their mechanical and conductivity properties. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of doping engineering methods to improve the physical properties of conductive polymers and highlights their applications in the field of healthcare physical sensors, including temperature sensors, strain sensors, stress sensors, and electrophysiological sensing. Additionally, the challenges and opportunities associated with conductive polymer-based physical sensors in healthcare monitoring are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yuqiong Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xidi Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jiean Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Lijia Pan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gu J, Shen Y, Tian S, Xue Z, Meng X. Recent Advances in Nanowire-Based Wearable Physical Sensors. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:1025. [PMID: 38131785 PMCID: PMC10742341 DOI: 10.3390/bios13121025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electronics is a technology that closely integrates electronic devices with the human body or clothing, which can realize human-computer interaction, health monitoring, smart medical, and other functions. Wearable physical sensors are an important part of wearable electronics. They can sense various physical signals from the human body or the surrounding environment and convert them into electrical signals for processing and analysis. Nanowires (NW) have unique properties such as a high surface-to-volume ratio, high flexibility, high carrier mobility, a tunable bandgap, a large piezoresistive coefficient, and a strong light-matter interaction. They are one of the ideal candidates for the fabrication of wearable physical sensors with high sensitivity, fast response, and low power consumption. In this review, we summarize recent advances in various types of NW-based wearable physical sensors, specifically including mechanical, photoelectric, temperature, and multifunctional sensors. The discussion revolves around the structural design, sensing mechanisms, manufacture, and practical applications of these sensors, highlighting the positive role that NWs play in the sensing process. Finally, we present the conclusions with perspectives on current challenges and future opportunities in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhaoguo Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Strength and Structural Integrity, School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xianhong Meng
- National Key Laboratory of Strength and Structural Integrity, School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang JY, Kumar A, Shaikh MO, Huang SH, Chou YN, Yang CC, Hsu CK, Kuo LC, Chuang CH. Biocompatible, Antibacterial, and Stable Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Ionic Gel Multimodal Sensors for Healthcare Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:55244-55257. [PMID: 37991845 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated a novel approach to fabricate multifunctional ionic gel sensors by using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as replacements for water. When two distinct DESs were combined, customizable mechanical and conductive properties were created, resulting in improved performance compared with traditional hydrogel-based strain sensors. DES ionic gels possess superior mechanical properties, transparency, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties, making them suitable for a wide range of applications such as flexible electronics, soft robotics, and healthcare. We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the DES ionic gels, evaluating their performance under extreme temperature conditions (-70 to 80 °C), impressive optical transparency (94%), and biocompatibility. Furthermore, a series of tests were conducted to evaluate the antibacterial performance (Escherichia coli) of the DES ionic gels. Their wide strain (1-400%) and temperature (15-50 °C)-sensing ranges demonstrate the versatility and adaptability of DES ionic gels for diverse sensing requirements. The resulting DES ionic gels were successfully applied in human activity and vital sign monitoring, demonstrating their potential for biointegrated sensing devices and healthcare applications. This study offers valuable insights into the development and optimization of hydrogel sensors, particularly for applications that require environmental stability, biocompatibility, and antibacterial performance, thereby paving the way for future advancements in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Yang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Amit Kumar
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Omar Shaikh
- Sustainability Science and Management Program, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hung Huang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Nien Chou
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Kai Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chieh Kuo
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Chuang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- The Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (CEMAFLD), National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Meivita MP, Go SX, Mozar FS, Li L, Tan YS, Bajalovic N, Loke DK. Shape complementarity processes for ultrashort-burst sensitive M13-PEG-WS 2-powered MCF-7 cancer cell sensors. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:16658-16668. [PMID: 37800342 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03573e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers have the potential to be utilized in disease diagnosis, prediction and monitoring. The cancer cell type is a leading candidate for next-generation biomarkers. Although traditional digital biomolecular sensor (DBS) technology has shown to be effective in assessing cell-based interactions, low cell-population detection of cancer cell types is extremely challenging. Here, we controlled the electrical signature of a two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial, tungsten disulfide (WS2), by utilizing a combination of the Phage-integrated Polymer and the Nanosheet (PPN), viz., the integration of the M13-conjugated polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the WS2, through shape-complementarity phenomena, and developed a sensor system, i.e., the Phage-based DBS (P-DBS), for the specific, rapid, sensitive detection of clinically-relevant MCF-7 cells. The P-DBS attains a detection limit of 12 cells per μL, as well as a contrast of 1.25 between the MCF-10A sample signal and the MCF-7 sample signal. A reading length of 200 μs was further achieved, along with a relative cell viability of ∼100% for both MCF-7 and MCF-10A cells and with the PNN. Atomistic simulations reveal the structural origin of the shape complementarity-facilitated decrease in the output impedance of the P-DBS. The combination of previously unreported exotic sensing materials and digital sensor design represents an approach to unlocking the ultra-sensitive detection of cancer cell types and provides a promising avenue for early cancer diagnosis, staging and monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Meivita
- Department of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
| | - Shao-Xiang Go
- Department of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
| | - Fitya S Mozar
- Department of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
| | - Lunna Li
- Thomas Young Centre and Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Yaw Sing Tan
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Natasa Bajalovic
- Department of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
| | - Desmond K Loke
- Department of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abyzova E, Dogadina E, Rodriguez RD, Petrov I, Kolesnikova Y, Zhou M, Liu C, Sheremet E. Beyond Tissue replacement: The Emerging role of smart implants in healthcare. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100784. [PMID: 37731959 PMCID: PMC10507164 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Smart implants are increasingly used to treat various diseases, track patient status, and restore tissue and organ function. These devices support internal organs, actively stimulate nerves, and monitor essential functions. With continuous monitoring or stimulation, patient observation quality and subsequent treatment can be improved. Additionally, using biodegradable and entirely excreted implant materials eliminates the need for surgical removal, providing a patient-friendly solution. In this review, we classify smart implants and discuss the latest prototypes, materials, and technologies employed in their creation. Our focus lies in exploring medical devices beyond replacing an organ or tissue and incorporating new functionality through sensors and electronic circuits. We also examine the advantages, opportunities, and challenges of creating implantable devices that preserve all critical functions. By presenting an in-depth overview of the current state-of-the-art smart implants, we shed light on persistent issues and limitations while discussing potential avenues for future advancements in materials used for these devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Abyzova
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin ave. 30, Tomsk, Russia, 634050
| | - Elizaveta Dogadina
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin ave. 30, Tomsk, Russia, 634050
- Institute of Orthopaedic & Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK
| | | | - Ilia Petrov
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin ave. 30, Tomsk, Russia, 634050
| | | | - Mo Zhou
- Institute of Orthopaedic & Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Chaozong Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedic & Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kumar RR, Kumar A, Chuang CH, Shaikh MO. Recent Advances and Emerging Trends in Cancer Biomarker Detection Technologies. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Rakesh Kumar
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Amit Kumar
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Chuang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Omar Shaikh
- Sustainability Science and Management, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kumar A, Rakesh Kumar RK, Shaikh MO, Lu CH, Yang JY, Chang HL, Chuang CH. Ultrasensitive Strain Sensor Utilizing a AgF-AgNW Hybrid Nanocomposite for Breath Monitoring and Pulmonary Function Analysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:55402-55413. [PMID: 36485002 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Breath monitoring and pulmonary function analysis have been the prime focus of wearable smart sensors owing to the COVID-19 outbreak. Currently used lung function meters in hospitals are prone to spread the virus and can result in the transmission of the disease. Herein, we have reported the first-ever wearable patch-type strain sensor for enabling real-time lung function measurements (such as forced volume capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume (FEV) along with breath monitoring), which can avoid the spread of the virus. The noninvasive and highly sensitive strain sensor utilizes the synergistic effect of two-dimensional (2D) silver flakes (AgFs) and one-dimensional (1D) silver nanowires (AgNWs), where AgFs create multiple electron transmission paths and AgNWs generate percolation networks in the nanocomposite. The nanocomposite-based strain sensor possesses a high optimized conductivity of 7721 Sm-1 (and a maximum conductivity of 83,836 Sm-1), excellent stretchability (>1000%), and ultrasensitivity (GFs of 35 and 87 when stretched 0-20 and 20-50%, respectively), thus enabling reliable detection of small strains produced by the body during breathing and other motions. The sensor patching site was optimized to accurately discriminate between normal breathing, quick breathing, and deep breathing and analyze numerous pulmonary functions, including the respiratory rate, peak flow, FVC, and FEV. Finally, the observed measurements for different pulmonary functions were compared with a commercial peak flow meter and a spirometer, and a high correlation was observed, which highlights the practical feasibility of continuous respiratory monitoring and pulmonary function analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung80424, Taiwan
| | - R K Rakesh Kumar
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung80424, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Omar Shaikh
- Sustainability Science and Engineering Program, Tunghai University, Taichung407224, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Huan Lu
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung80424, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yu Yang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung80424, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Liang Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung80145, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Chuang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung80424, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jeong H, Lee JH, Song JY, Ghani F, Lee D. Continuous Patterning of Silver Nanowire-Polyvinylpyrrolidone Composite Transparent Conductive Film by a Roll-to-Roll Selective Calendering Process. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:32. [PMID: 36615941 PMCID: PMC9823613 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The roll-to-roll (R2R) continuous patterning of silver nanowire-polyvinylpyrrolidone (Ag NW-PVP) composite transparent conductive film (cTCF) is demonstrated in this work by means of slot-die coating followed by selective calendering. The Ag NWs were synthesized by the polyol method, and adequately washed to leave an appropriate amount of PVP to act as a capping agent and dispersant. The as-coated Ag NW-PVP composite film had low electronic conductivity due to the lack of percolation path, which was greatly improved by the calendering process. Moreover, the dispersion of Ag NWs was analyzed with addition of PVP in terms of density and molecular weight. The excellent dispersion led to uniform distribution of Ag NWs in a cTCF. The continuous patterning was conducted using an embossed pattern roll to perform selective calendering. To evaluate the capability of the calendering process, various line widths and spacing patterns were investigated. The minimum pattern dimensions achievable were determined to be a line width of 0.1 mm and a line spacing of 1 mm. Finally, continuous patterning using selective calendering was applied to the fabrication of a flexible heater and a resistive touch sensing panel as flexible electronic devices to demonstrate its versatility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hakyung Jeong
- Department of Ultra-Precision Machines and Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Design and Production Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hak Lee
- Department of Ultra-Precision Machines and Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yeob Song
- Department of Ultra-Precision Machines and Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Faizan Ghani
- Department of Mechanical Design and Production Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjin Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ling W, Wang Y, Lu B, Shang X, Wu Z, Chen Z, Li X, Zou C, Yan J, Zhou Y, Liu J, Li H, Que K, Huang X. Continuously Quantifying Oral Chemicals Based on Flexible Hybrid Electronics for Clinical Diagnosis and Pathogenetic Study. Research (Wash D C) 2022; 2022:9810129. [PMID: 36072268 PMCID: PMC9414179 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9810129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous monitoring of diverse salivary parameters can reveal underlying mechanisms of intraoral biological processes and offer profound insights into the evolution of oral diseases. However, conventional analytical devices with bulky volumes, rigid formats, and discrete sensing mechanisms deviate from the requirements of continuous biophysiological quantification, resulting in huge difficulty in precise clinical diagnosis and pathogenetic study. Here, we present a flexible hybrid electronic system integrated with functional nanomaterials to continuously sense Ca2+, pH, and temperature for wireless real-time oral health monitoring. The miniaturized system with an island-bridge structure that is designed specifically to fit the teeth is only 0.4 g in weight and 31.5×8.5×1.35 mm3 in dimension, allowing effective integration with customized dental braces and comfort attachment on teeth. Characterization results indicate high sensitivities of 30.3 and 60.6 mV/decade for Ca2+ and pH with low potential drifts. The system has been applied in clinical studies to conduct Ca2+ and pH mappings on carious teeth, biophysiological monitoring for up to 12 h, and outcome evaluation of dental restoration, providing quantitative data to assist in the diagnosis and understanding of oral diseases. Notably, caries risk assessment of 10 human subjects using the flexible system validates the important role of saliva buffering capacity in caries pathogenesis. The proposed flexible system may offer an open platform to carry diverse components to support both clinical diagnosis and treatment as well as fundamental research for oral diseases and induced systemic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
- Center of Flexible Wearable Technology, Institute of Flexible Electronic Technology of Tsinghua, Jiaxing 314006, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Bingyu Lu
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xue Shang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ziyue Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
- Center of Flexible Wearable Technology, Institute of Flexible Electronic Technology of Tsinghua, Jiaxing 314006, China
| | - Zhaorun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xueting Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chenchen Zou
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jinjie Yan
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yunjie Zhou
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hongjie Li
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Kehua Que
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
- Center of Flexible Wearable Technology, Institute of Flexible Electronic Technology of Tsinghua, Jiaxing 314006, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kumar A, Hsieh PY, Shaikh MO, Kumar RKR, Chuang CH. Flexible Temperature Sensor Utilizing MWCNT Doped PEG-PU Copolymer Nanocomposites. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020197. [PMID: 35208321 PMCID: PMC8875379 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyurethane (PU)-based shape-stabilized copolymer nanocomposites were synthesized and utilized for developing low-cost and flexible temperature sensors. PU was utilized as a flexible structural material for loading a thermosensitive phase change PEG polymer by means of physical mixing and chemical crosslinking. Furthermore, the introduction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as a conductive filler in the PEG-PU copolymer resulted in a nanocomposite with thermoresistive properties. MWCNT loading concentrations from 2 wt.% to 10 wt.% were investigated, to attain the optimum conductivity of the nanocomposite. Additionally, the effect of MWCNT loading concentration on the thermosensitive behavior of the nanocomposite was analyzed in the temperature range 25 °C to 50 °C. The thermosensitive properties of the physically mixed and crosslinked polymeric nanocomposites were compared by spin coating the respective nanocomposites on screen printed interdigitated (IDT) electrodes, to fabricate the temperature sensor. The chemically crosslinked MWCNT-PEG-PU polymeric nanocomposite showed an improved thermosensitive behavior in the range 25 °C to 50 °C, compared to the physically mixed nanocomposite. The detailed structural, morphological, thermal, and phase transition properties of the nanocomposites were investigated using XRD, FTIR, and DSC analysis. XRD and FTIR were used to analyze the crystallinity and PEG-PU bonding of the copolymer nanocomposite, respectively; while the dual phase (solid–liquid) transition of PEG was analyzed using DSC. The proposed nanocomposite-based flexible temperature sensor demonstrated excellent sensitivity, reliability and shows promise for a wide range of bio-robotic and healthcare applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (A.K.); (P.-Y.H.); (R.K.R.K.)
| | - Pen-Yi Hsieh
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (A.K.); (P.-Y.H.); (R.K.R.K.)
| | - Muhammad Omar Shaikh
- Sustainability Science and Engineering Program, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan;
| | - R. K. Rakesh Kumar
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (A.K.); (P.-Y.H.); (R.K.R.K.)
| | - Cheng-Hsin Chuang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (A.K.); (P.-Y.H.); (R.K.R.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-75-252-000 (ext. 5785)
| |
Collapse
|