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Chen A, Li H, Wu H, Song Z, Chen Y, Zhang H, Pang Z, Qin Z, Wu Y, Guan X, Huang H, Li Z, Qiu G, Wei C. Anaerobic cyanides oxidation with bimetallic modulation of biological toxicity and activity for nitrite reduction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134540. [PMID: 38733787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Cyanide is a typical toxic reducing agent prevailing in wastewater with a well-defined chemical mechanism, whereas its exploitation as an electron donor by microorganisms is currently understudied. Given that conventional denitrification requires additional electron donors, the cyanide and nitrogen can be eliminated simultaneously if the reducing HCN/CN- and its complexes are used as inorganic electron donors. Hence, this paper proposes anaerobic cyanides oxidation for nitrite reduction, whereby the biological toxicity and activity of cyanides are modulated by bimetallics. Performance tests illustrated that low toxicity equivalents of iron-copper composite cyanides provided higher denitrification loads with the release of cyanide ions and electrons from the complex structure by the bimetal. Both isotopic labeling and Density Functional Theory (DFT) demonstrated that CN--N supplied electrons for nitrite reduction. The superposition of chemical processes reduces the biotoxicity and enhances the biological activity of cyanides in the CN-/Fe3+/Cu2+/NO2- coexistence system, including complex detoxification of CN- by Fe3+, CN- release by Cu2+ from [Fe(CN)6]3-, and NO release by nitrite substitution of -CN groups. Cyanide is the smallest structural unit of C/N-containing compounds and serves as a probe to extend the electron-donating principle of anaerobic cyanides oxidation to more electron-donor microbial utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acong Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Haoling Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Haizhen Wu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
| | - Zhaohui Song
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Heng Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Zijun Pang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Zhi Qin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Yulun Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Xianghong Guan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Hua Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Zemin Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Guanglei Qiu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Chaohai Wei
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China; School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
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Zheng K, Liang C, Chen H, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Cheng J. I 2 Catalyzed and TBHP/Ammonium-Promoted Conversion of Arylethanone to Nitriles via β-Scission of Iminyl Radicals. Org Lett 2024; 26:3935-3939. [PMID: 38668726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a general I2-catalyzed and TBHP/ammonium-promoted conversion of arylethanone to aromatic nitriles under air. This procedure proceeded with the β-scission of iminyl radical, which was facilitated via quenching the released alkyl radical by tert-butyl peroxyl radical leading to peroxide followed with Kornblum-DeLaMare rearrangement. A series of aryl methyl ketone and alkyl aryl ketone worked well with good functional group tolerance in high yields. As such, this metal-free procedure represents a facile, safe, green, and practical procedure in conversion of arylethanone to aromatic nitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zheng
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Chen Liang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Hailong Chen
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Zhenlian Wang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Cheng
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
- Lab of Biohealth Materials and Chemistry of Wenzhou, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
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3
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HajimohamadzadehTorkambour S, Nejad MJ, Pazoki F, Karimi F, Heydari A. Synthesis and characterization of a green and recyclable arginine-based palladium/CoFe 2O 4 nanomagnetic catalyst for efficient cyanation of aryl halides. RSC Adv 2024; 14:14139-14151. [PMID: 38737408 PMCID: PMC11085038 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01200c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of magnetic nanoparticles in the fields of science and technology has gained considerable popularity. Among their various applications, magnetic nanoparticles have been predominantly employed in catalytic processes due to their easy accessibility, recoverability, effective surface properties, thermal stability, and low cost. In this particular study, cyanuric chloride and arginine were utilized to synthesize an arginine-based oligomeric compound (ACT), which was supported on cobalt ferrite, resulting in a green catalyst with high activity and convenient recyclability for the cyanation reaction of aryl halides. The Pd/CoFe2O4@ACT nanomagnetic catalyst demonstrated excellent performance in the cyanation of various aryl iodides and bromides, yielding favorable reaction outcomes at a temperature of 90 °C within a duration of 3 hours. The synthesized nanoparticles were successfully characterized using various techniques, including FTIR, FE-SEM, EDX/MAP, XRD, TEM, TGA, BET, and ICP-OES. Moreover, the Pd/CoFe2O4@ACT catalyst exhibited remarkable catalytic activity, maintaining an 88% performance even after five consecutive runs. Analysis of the reused catalyst through SEM and TEM imaging confirmed that there were no significant changes in the morphology or dispersion of the particles. Ultimately, it was demonstrated that the Pd/CoFe2O4@ACT nanomagnetic catalyst outperformed numerous catalysts previously reported in the literature for the cyanation of aryl halides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoumeh Jadidi Nejad
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology P. O. Box 84156-83111 Isfahan Iran
| | - Farzane Pazoki
- Chemistry Department, Tarbiat Modares University P. O. Box 14155-4838 Tehran Iran
| | - Farzaneh Karimi
- Chemistry Department, Tarbiat Modares University P. O. Box 14155-4838 Tehran Iran
| | - Akbar Heydari
- Chemistry Department, Tarbiat Modares University P. O. Box 14155-4838 Tehran Iran
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Tan L, Pan Y, Zeng QY, Wang ZY, Xu H, Dai HX. Palladium-Catalyzed Directed Carbon-Carbon Bond Activation of Aryl Nitriles for Cyano Transfer. Org Lett 2024; 26:2260-2265. [PMID: 38452482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the C-H cyanation of indoles via a palladium-catalyzed directed C-CN activation reaction using aryl nitrile as a cyano source. The employment of the phenoxy-oriented group is the key to the cleavage of the C-CN bond. This protocol features a broad substrate scope, good efficiency, and high regioselectivity. Furthermore, the practical application of this protocol was showcased in the late-stage functionalization and synthesis of indole derivatives, which were derived from drugs and natural products, through the process of cyanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Pan
- School of Chinese Materia Media, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Ying Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Xiong Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- School of Chinese Materia Media, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
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Shan Y, Zhang X, Liu G, Li J, Liu Y, Wang J, Chen D. Cyanation with isocyanides: recent advances and perspectives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1546-1562. [PMID: 38240334 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05880h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cyanation has attracted considerable attention in organic synthesis because nitriles are key structural motifs in numerous important dyes, agrochemicals, natural products and drug molecules. As the fourth generation of cyanating reagents, isocyanides occupy a prominent place in the synthesis of nitriles due to their favorable stability, easy operability and high reactivity. In recent years, three types of cyanation with isocyanides have been established: the cleavage of the C-NC bond of tertiary alkyl isocyanides (Type I), the rearrangement of aryl isocyanides with azides (Type II), and the reductive cyanation of ketones with α-acidic isocyanides (Type III). This review focuses on advances in cyanation with isocyanides with an emphasis on reaction scope, limitations and mechanisms, which could reveal their remarkable value and superiority for accessing various nitriles. In addition, the future development prospects of this specific field are also introduced. We believe that this feature article will serve as a comprehensive tool to navigate cyanation with isocyanides across the vast area of synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shan
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiuhua Zhang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Gongle Liu
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Jianming Li
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Yongwei Liu
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Jia Wang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Dianpeng Chen
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
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Kraka E, Antonio JJ, Freindorf M. Reaction mechanism - explored with the unified reaction valley approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:7151-7165. [PMID: 37233449 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01576a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
One of the ultimate goals of chemistry is to understand and manipulate chemical reactions, which implies the ability to monitor the reaction and its underlying mechanism at an atomic scale. In this article, we introduce the Unified Reaction Valley Approach (URVA) as a tool for elucidating reaction mechanisms, complementing existing computational procedures. URVA combines the concept of the potential energy surface with vibrational spectroscopy and describes a chemical reaction via the reaction path and the surrounding reaction valley traced out by the reacting species on the potential energy surface on their way from the entrance to the exit channel, where the products are located. The key feature of URVA is the focus on the curving of the reaction path. Moving along the reaction path, any electronic structure change of the reacting species is registered by a change in the normal vibrational modes spanning the reaction valley and their coupling with the path, which recovers the curvature of the reaction path. This leads to a unique curvature profile for each chemical reaction, with curvature minima reflecting minimal change and curvature maxima indicating the location of important chemical events such as bond breaking/formation, charge polarization and transfer, rehybridization, etc. A decomposition of the path curvature into internal coordinate components or other coordinates of relevance for the reaction under consideration, provides comprehensive insight into the origin of the chemical changes taking place. After giving an overview of current experimental and computational efforts to gain insight into the mechanism of a chemical reaction and presenting the theoretical background of URVA, we illustrate how URVA works for three diverse processes, (i) [1,3] hydrogen transfer reactions; (ii) α-keto-amino inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro; (iii) Rh-catalyzed cyanation. We hope that this article will inspire our computational colleagues to add URVA to their repertoire and will serve as an incubator for new reaction mechanisms to be studied in collaboration with our experimental experts in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elfi Kraka
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Ave, Dallas, TX 75275-0314, USA.
| | - Juliana J Antonio
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Ave, Dallas, TX 75275-0314, USA.
| | - Marek Freindorf
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Ave, Dallas, TX 75275-0314, USA.
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Xu Z, Liang X, Li H. Oxidative Radical Transnitrilation of Arylboronic Acids with Trityl Isocyanide. Org Lett 2022; 24:9403-9407. [PMID: 36519782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a radical transnitrilation of arylboronic acids with trityl isocyanide in the presence of manganese(III) acetate. Many functional groups can be tolerated in this transformation, and a special positive effect of benzoic acid in this reaction has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Huan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
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Kumar GS, Shinde PS, Chen H, Muralirajan K, Kancherla R, Rueping M. Paired Electrolysis for Decarboxylative Cyanation: 4-CN-Pyridine, a Versatile Nitrile Source. Org Lett 2022; 24:6357-6363. [PMID: 36036921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A decarboxylative cyanation of amino acids under paired electrochemical reaction conditions has been developed. 4-CN-pyridine was found to be a new and effective cyanation reagent under catalyst-free conditions. Mechanistic studies support a nucleophilic reaction pathway, and the cyanation protocol can be applied to diverse substrates including N,N-dialkyl aniline and indole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gadde Sathish Kumar
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashant S Shinde
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifeng Chen
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishnamoorthy Muralirajan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Kancherla
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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León Sandoval A, Politano F, Witko ML, Leadbeater NE. Preparation of nitriles from aldehydes using ammonium persulfate by means of a nitroxide-catalysed oxidative functionalisation reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:667-671. [PMID: 34989384 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02187g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A methodology for the preparation of nitriles from aldehydes by means of an oxidative functionalisation reaction is reported. It employs ammonium persulfate as both the primary oxidant and the nitrogen source, and a catalytic amount of a nitroxide. It is applicable to a range of structurally diverse (hetero)aromatic aldehydes furnishing the nitrile products in 30-97% isolated yield. Given the ready accessibility of aldehydes and that ammonium persulfate is cheap and less toxic than many other reagents for generating nitriles, this methodology offers a simple and easy to use approach to this valuable class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo León Sandoval
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
| | - Fabrizio Politano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
| | - Mason L Witko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
| | - Nicholas E Leadbeater
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
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