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Ye G, Wang C, Zhang Q, Song P, Wang H, Huo S, Liu Z. Bio-derived Schiff base vitrimer with outstanding flame retardancy, toughness, antibacterial, dielectric and recycling properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134933. [PMID: 39173795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Thermosetting resins are widely used in high-tech applications for excellent mechanical robustness and chemical resistance. With increasing attention to the environmental and usage safety issues, it is necessary to develop bio-derived, recyclable, tough, and fire-retardant thermosetting resins. Herein, a high-performance, vanillin-based vitrimer (CIP1.0) was prepared. The CIP1.0 with 1.0 wt% phosphorus passes vertical burning (UL-94) V-0 rating with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 27.2%. The phosphorus-containing and Schiff base groups act synergistically in gas and condensed phases during combustion, endowing CIP1.0 with outstanding fire retardancy. The CIP1.0 shows excellent toughness with high elongation at break of 45.0% due to the π-π stacking of numerous rigid aromatic groups and appropriate cross-linking density. The highly symmetrical structure and low polarizability of CIP1.0 result in a low dielectric constant. The CIP1.0 exhibits superior antimicrobial properties. The CIP1.0 can be reprocessed by hot-pressing at 140 °C for 10 min. The non-destructive, closed-loop recycling of carbon fibers in the carbon fiber-reinforced CIP1.0 composite can be achieved under mild conditions due to the degradable Schiff base groups of CIP1.0. In this work, a bio-derived, tough, fire-retardant, low dielectric, and antimicrobial vitrimer is prepared to provide a rational strategy for the design of advanced environmentally friendly thermosetting resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Ye
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Pingan Song
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield 4300, Australia
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Engineering, Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield 4300, Australia
| | - Siqi Huo
- School of Engineering, Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield 4300, Australia.
| | - Zhitian Liu
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
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Han T, Ju B, Zhang S. Catalyst-free readily dual-recyclable acetal-based covalent adaptable cellulose networks. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129563. [PMID: 38278382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Despite covalent adaptable networks (CANs) imparting the favorable features of crosslinked polymers, as well as the functionality of reprocessing, reshaping and welding, due to exchange reaction enabled topology changes; it is still a huge challenge to design catalyst-free, fast reprocessing, controlled degradation and polymer recyclable biomass base CANs. Herein, for the first time, acetal-based covalent adaptable cellulose networks (ACCs) were utilized to synthesize readily reconstructable cellulose-based thermosets with mechanical tunability. ACCs were synthesized via catalyst-free "click" addition of cellulose and divinyl ether without releasing small molecule byproducts. Different crosslinking densities and crosslinkers were used to explore the structure-property relationship, the mechanical and thermal properties of the ACCs were strongly influenced by these factors. ACCs can obtain enhanced tensile strength or elongation at break by changing the structure of the crosslinker. Furthermore, the reworking, welding and shape memory properties of these ACCs, based on the dynamic exchange reaction of acetal bonds, were investigated. In addition, these ACCs can be degraded under acidic conditions, and closed-loop utilization of polymer was possible. Thus, ACCs can be mechanically and chemically double-cycled, which will contribute to solving the white pollution problem and resource waste as a new class of sustainable plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Benzhi Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Shufen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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Subramaniyan S, Bergoglio M, Sangermano M, Hakkarainen M. Vanillin-Derived Thermally Reprocessable and Chemically Recyclable Schiff-Base Epoxy Thermosets. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2023; 7:2200234. [PMID: 37020622 PMCID: PMC10069320 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The paradigm shift from traditional petroleum-based non-recyclable thermosets to biobased repeatedly recyclable materials is required to move toward circular bioeconomy. Here, two mechanically and chemically recyclable extended vanillin-derived epoxy thermosets are successfully fabricated by introduction of Schiff-base/imine covalent dynamic bonds. Thermoset 1 (T1) is based on linear monomer 1 (M1) with two alcohol end groups and one imine bond, while thermoset 2 (T2) is based on branched monomer 2 (M2) with three alcohol end-groups and three imine-groups. Thermosets are obtained by reaction of monomer 1 (M1) and monomer 2 (M2) with trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether. The structure of the monomers and thermosets is confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic techniques. Both thermosets exhibit good thermal and mechanical properties and they are stable in common organic solvents. Furthermore, they can be thermally reprocessed through compression molding with good recovery of the mechanical properties. Last but not least, the fabricated thermosets can be rapidly and completely chemically recycled to water-soluble aldehydes and amines by imine hydrolysis at room temperature in 0.1 m HCl solution. This is promising for development of future materials with multiple circularity by different routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathiyaraj Subramaniyan
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyTeknikringen 58Stockholm100 44Sweden
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyWallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC)Teknikringen 58Stockholm100 44Sweden
| | - Matteo Bergoglio
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyTeknikringen 58Stockholm100 44Sweden
- Politecnico di TorinoDepartment of Applied Science and TechnologyC.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24Torino10129Italy
| | - Marco Sangermano
- Politecnico di TorinoDepartment of Applied Science and TechnologyC.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24Torino10129Italy
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyTeknikringen 58Stockholm100 44Sweden
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyWallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC)Teknikringen 58Stockholm100 44Sweden
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Xu H, Wang H, Zhang Y, Wu J. Vinylogous Urethane Based Epoxy Vitrimers with Closed-Loop and Multiple Recycling Routes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan610065, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan610065, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan610065, China
| | - Jinrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan610065, China
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Xia X, Rao P, Yang J, Ciamarra MP, Ni R. Entropy-Driven Thermo-gelling Vitrimer. JACS AU 2022; 2:2359-2366. [PMID: 36311840 PMCID: PMC9597860 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Thermo-gelling polymers have been envisioned as promising smart biomaterials but limited by their weak mechanical and thermodynamic stabilities. Here, we propose a new thermo-gelling vitrimer, which remains at a liquid state because of the addition of protector molecules preventing the crosslinking, and with increasing temperature, an entropy-driven crosslinking occurs to induce the sol-gel transition. Moreover, we find that the activation barrier in the metathesis reaction of vitrimers plays an important role, and experimentally, one can use catalysts to tune the activation barrier to drive the vitrimer to form an equilibrium gel at high temperature, which is not subject to any thermodynamic instability. We formulate a mean-field theory to describe the entropy-driven crosslinking of the vitrimer, which agrees quantitatively with computer simulations and paves the way for the design and fabrication of novel vitrimers for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyang Xia
- School
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
- Division
of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Peilin Rao
- School
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Juan Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Massimo Pica Ciamarra
- Division
of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Ran Ni
- School
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
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Delliere P, Guigo N. Exploring New Horizons for Bio-Based Poly(furfuryl alcohol) by Exploiting Functionalities Offered by Side Reactions. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1202-1206. [PMID: 36149787 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Poly(furfuryl alcohol) is a bio-based thermoset resin with a limited application portfolio due to its brittleness. Side ring-opening reactions that occur during polymerization lead to carbonyl moieties. Such unique self-generated functionality was exploited to generate tough and ductile materials via the creation of Schiff-based macromolecular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Delliere
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7272, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Nathanael Guigo
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7272, 06108 Nice, France
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Ceramella J, Iacopetta D, Catalano A, Cirillo F, Lappano R, Sinicropi MS. A Review on the Antimicrobial Activity of Schiff Bases: Data Collection and Recent Studies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:191. [PMID: 35203793 PMCID: PMC8868340 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Schiff bases (SBs) have extensive applications in different fields such as analytical, inorganic and organic chemistry. They are used as dyes, catalysts, polymer stabilizers, luminescence chemosensors, catalyzers in the fixation of CO2 biolubricant additives and have been suggested for solar energy applications as well. Further, a wide range of pharmacological and biological applications, such as antimalarial, antiproliferative, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antipyretic, antibacterial and antifungal uses, emphasize the need for SB synthesis. Several SBs conjugated with chitosan have been studied in order to enhance the antibacterial activity of chitosan. Moreover, the use of the nanoparticles of SBs may improve their antimicrobial effects. Herein, we provide an analytical overview of the antibacterial and antifungal properties of SBs and chitosan-based SBs as well as SBs-functionalized nanoparticles. The most relevant and recent literature was reviewed for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (J.C.); (D.I.); (F.C.); (R.L.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (J.C.); (D.I.); (F.C.); (R.L.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (J.C.); (D.I.); (F.C.); (R.L.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (J.C.); (D.I.); (F.C.); (R.L.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (J.C.); (D.I.); (F.C.); (R.L.); (M.S.S.)
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