1
|
Liu J, Du J, Zhang LB, Li M, Guo W. Electrochemical Benzylic C-H Amination via N-Aminopyridinium. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6465-6473. [PMID: 38644574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
An electrochemical protocol for benzylic C(sp3)-H aminopyridylation via direct C-H/N-H cross-coupling of alkylarenes with N-aminopyridinium triflate has been developed. This method features excellent site-selectivity, broad substrate scope, redox reagent-free and facile scalability. The generated benzylaminopyridiniums can be readily converted to benzylamines via electroreductive N-N bond cleavage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jinyao Du
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Lin-Bao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Weisi Guo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Dana S, Long H, Xu Y, Li Y, Kaplaneris N, Ackermann L. Electrochemical Late-Stage Functionalization. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11269-11335. [PMID: 37751573 PMCID: PMC10571048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Late-stage functionalization (LSF) constitutes a powerful strategy for the assembly or diversification of novel molecular entities with improved physicochemical or biological activities. LSF can thus greatly accelerate the development of medicinally relevant compounds, crop protecting agents, and functional materials. Electrochemical molecular synthesis has emerged as an environmentally friendly platform for the transformation of organic compounds. Over the past decade, electrochemical late-stage functionalization (eLSF) has gained major momentum, which is summarized herein up to February 2023.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yang Xu
- Institut für Organische
und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for
Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Yanjun Li
- Institut für Organische
und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for
Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Kaplaneris
- Institut für Organische
und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for
Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische
und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for
Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ruos ME, Kinney RG, Ring OT, Doyle AG. A General Photocatalytic Strategy for Nucleophilic Amination of Primary and Secondary Benzylic C-H Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18487-18496. [PMID: 37565772 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a visible-light photoredox-catalyzed method that enables nucleophilic amination of primary and secondary benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds. A novel amidyl radical precursor and organic photocatalyst operate in tandem to transform primary and secondary benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds into carbocations via sequential hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and oxidative radical-polar crossover. The resulting carbocation can be intercepted by a variety of N-centered nucleophiles, including nitriles (Ritter reaction), amides, carbamates, sulfonamides, and azoles, for the construction of pharmaceutically relevant C(sp3)-N bonds under unified reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies indicate that HAT is amidyl radical-mediated and that the photocatalyst operates via a reductive quenching pathway. These findings establish a mild, metal-free, and modular protocol for the rapid diversification of C(sp3)-H bonds to a library of aminated products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline E Ruos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - R Garrison Kinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Oliver T Ring
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Abigail G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Das M, Zamani L, Bratcher C, Musacchio PZ. Azolation of Benzylic C-H Bonds via Photoredox-Catalyzed Carbocation Generation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10.1021/jacs.2c12850. [PMID: 36757817 PMCID: PMC10409882 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light photoredox-catalyzed method is reported that enables the coupling between benzylic C-H substrates and N-H azoles. Classically, medicinally relevant N-benzyl azoles are produced via harsh substitution conditions between the azole and a benzyl electrophile in the presence of strong bases at high temperatures. Use of C-H bonds as the alkylating partner streamlines the preparation of these important motifs. In this work, we report the use of N-alkoxypyridinium salts as a critically enabling reagent for the development of a general C(sp3)-H azolation. The platform enables the alkylation of electron-deficient, -neutral, and -rich azoles with a range of C-H bonds, most notably secondary and tertiary partners. Moreover, the protocol is mild enough to tolerate benzyl electrophiles, thus offering an orthogonal approach to existing SN2 and cross-coupling methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoy Das
- Department of Chemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, USA
| | - Leila Zamani
- Department of Chemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, USA
| | - Christopher Bratcher
- Department of Chemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, USA
| | - Patricia Z Musacchio
- Department of Chemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zeng WM, Dong WF, He YH, Zhao YN, Guan Z. Electroreductive Hydroxymethylation of Imines with Ketones To Access β-Amino Alcohols. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1625-1634. [PMID: 36695523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this article, an electrochemical method for the direct synthesis of β-amino alcohols from imines and ketones is described. Mechanistic studies, including a radical trapping experiment, electron paramagnetic resonance, cyclic voltammetry, and divided-cell electrolysis experiment, support the radical-involved reductive cross coupling of imines with ketones at the cathode. The use of abundant and easily prepared starting materials, high atom- and step-economy, and insensitivity to air and moisture make this synthetic strategy more efficient for the construction of various β-amino alcohol derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Mei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wen-Feng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan-Hong He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhao
- Analytical and Testing Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang XW, Li RX, Deng Y, Fu MQH, Zhao YN, Guan Z, He YH. Direct Hydroxylarylation of Benzylic Carbons (sp 3/sp 2/sp) via Radical-Radical Cross-Coupling Powered by Paired Electrolysis. J Org Chem 2023; 88:329-340. [PMID: 36563045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diaryl alcohol moieties are widespread in pharmaceuticals. Existing methods for the synthesis of diaryl alcohols require the use of pre-functionalized benzylic alcohols, aromatic aldehydes, or ketones as starting materials. Herein, the first convergent paired electrochemical approach to the direct hydroxylarylation of unactivated benzylic carbons (sp3/sp2/sp) is proposed. This protocol features direct functionalization of unactivated benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds and benzylic sp2/sp-carbons, mild conditions (open air, room temperature), an environmentally friendly procedure (without any external catalyst/mediator/additive), and direct access to sterically hindered alcohols from inexpensive and readily available alkyl/alkenyl/alkynylbenzenes. Mechanistic studies, including divided-cell experiments, isotope labeling, radical trapping, electron paramagnetic resonance, reaction kinetics, and cyclic voltammetry, strongly support the proposed radical-radical cross-coupling between transient ketyl radicals and persistent radical anions. Gram-scale synthesis and diversification of drug derivatives have visualized the tremendous potential of this protocol for practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rui-Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ming-Qiu-Hao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhao
- Analytical and Testing Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan-Hong He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lopat’eva ER, Krylov IB, Lapshin DA, Terent’ev AO. Redox-active molecules as organocatalysts for selective oxidative transformations - an unperceived organocatalysis field. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1672-1695. [PMID: 36570566 PMCID: PMC9749543 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organocatalysis is widely recognized as a key synthetic methodology in organic chemistry. It allows chemists to avoid the use of precious and (or) toxic metals by taking advantage of the catalytic activity of small and synthetically available molecules. Today, the term organocatalysis is mainly associated with redox-neutral asymmetric catalysis of C-C bond-forming processes, such as aldol reactions, Michael reactions, cycloaddition reactions, etc. Organophotoredox catalysis has emerged recently as another important catalysis type which has gained much attention and has been quite well-reviewed. At the same time, there are a significant number of other processes, especially oxidative, catalyzed by redox-active organic molecules in the ground state (without light excitation). Unfortunately, many of such processes are not associated in the literature with the organocatalysis field and thus many achievements are not fully consolidated and systematized. The present article is aimed at overviewing the current state-of-art and perspectives of oxidative organocatalysis by redox-active molecules with the emphasis on challenging chemo-, regio- and stereoselective CH-functionalization processes. The catalytic systems based on N-oxyl radicals, amines, thiols, oxaziridines, ketone/peroxide, quinones, and iodine(I/III) compounds are the most developed catalyst types which are covered here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena R Lopat’eva
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Igor B Krylov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Lapshin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander O Terent’ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Motsch BJ, Wengryniuk SE. Site-Selective Synthesis of N-Benzyl 2,4,6-Collidinium Salts by Electrooxidative C-H Functionalization. Org Lett 2022; 24:6060-6065. [PMID: 35938890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
N-alkylpyridinium salts are versatile pseudohalides for SET-mediated cross couplings. However, the common 2,4,6-triphenylpyridinium salt is plagued by poor atom economy and high cost of synthesis. Thus, there is a growing need for more practical scaffolds and innovative strategies for pyridinium salt formation. Herein, we report the synthesis of benzylic 2,4,6-collidinium salts via electrooxidative C-H functionalization. This method provides a complementary approach to tradtional strategies relying on substitution and condensation of prefunctionalized substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bill J Motsch
- Temple University, Department of Chemistry, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadephia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Sarah E Wengryniuk
- Temple University, Department of Chemistry, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadephia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ravindar L, Hasbullah SA, Hassan NI, Qin HL. Cross‐Coupling of C‐H and N‐H Bonds: a Hydrogen Evolution Strategy for the Construction of C‐N Bonds. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lekkala Ravindar
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Teknologi dan Sains Maklumat Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Siti Aishah Hasbullah
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Nurul Izzaty Hassan
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- Wuhan University of Technology School of Chemistry 430070 Hubei CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ritter-type amination of C(sp 3)-H bonds enabled by electrochemistry with SO 42. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4138. [PMID: 35842447 PMCID: PMC9288499 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31813-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
By merging electricity with sulfate, the Ritter-type amination of C(sp3)-H bonds is developed in an undivided cell under room temperature. This method features broad substrate generality (71 examples, up to 93% yields), high functional-group compatibility, facile scalability, excellent site-selectivity and mild conditions. Common alkanes and electron-deficient alkylbenzenes are viable substrates. It also provides a straightforward protocol for incorporating C-deuterated acetylamino group into C(sp3)-H sites. Application in the synthesis or modification of pharmaceuticals or their derivatives and gram-scale synthesis demonstrate the practicability of this method. Mechanistic experiments show that sulfate radical anion, formed by electrolysis of sulfate, served as hydrogen atom transfer agent to provide alkyl radical intermediate. This method paves a convenient and flexible pathway for realizing various synthetically useful transformations of C(sp3)-H bonds mediated by sulfate radical anion generated via electrochemistry. The amination of C(sp3)–H bonds is an appealing and challenging task in organic synthesis. Here, by using an electrogenerated sulfate radical an HAT agent, the authors report a practical Ritter-type amination of C(sp3)–H bonds.
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The development of sustainable C(sp3)-H functionalization methods is of great interest to the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Anodic oxidation is an efficient means of producing benzylic cations that can undergo subsequent in situ nucleophilic attack to afford functionalized benzylic products. Herein, we demonstrate the suitability of carboxylic acids as nucleophiles to yield benzylic esters. This method employs a series of secondary benzylic substrates and functionalized carboxylic acids and is demonstrated on a gram scale in flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Atkins
- University of Bristol, School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Albert C Rowett
- University of Bristol, School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - David M Heard
- University of Bristol, School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph A Tate
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair J J Lennox
- University of Bristol, School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li L, Hou ZW, Li P, Wang L. Electrochemical Dearomatizing Spirocyclization of Alkynes with Dimethyl 2-Benzylmalonate s to Spiro[4.5]deca-trienones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8697-8708. [PMID: 35679486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical dearomatizing spirocyclization of alkynes with dimethyl 2-benzylmalonates for the preparation of spiro[4.5]deca-trienones has been developed. This approach adopts ferrocene (Cp2Fe) as an electrocatalyst to produce carbon-centered radical intermediates from C-H-based malonates, which obviates the forthputting of noble-metal reagents, sacrificial chemical oxidants and 2-bromomalonates. A wide variety of spiro compounds are efficiently prepared with satisfactory results under mild conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laiqiang Li
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Wei Hou
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Visible-light-induced direct C–N coupling of benzofurans and thiophenes with diarylsulfonimides promoted by DDQ and TBN. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
14
|
Tang S, Guillot R, Grimaud L, Vitale MR, Vincent G. Electrochemical Benzylic C-H Functionalization with Isocyanides. Org Lett 2022; 24:2125-2130. [PMID: 35286094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We report the challenging direct carbamoylation or cyanation of benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds with an isocyanide via an electrochemical process giving rise to structures that are encountered in several biologically relevant compounds and drugs. This transformation proceeds under mild conditions without the need for any external oxidant and avoids the necessity to start from a prefunctionalized benzylic substrate or the deployment of the cation pool method. The anodic oxidation of the benzylic position and the subsequent addition of the isocyanide lead to the formation of a C-C bond and to a nitrilium cation that hydrolyzes to yield α-aryl acetamide derivatives, whereas the elimination of a t-butyl cation delivers α-aryl acetonitrile derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanyu Tang
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Laurence Grimaud
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Maxime R Vitale
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Vincent
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang M, Shi Y, zhang J. A Convergent Paired Electrolysis Strategy Enables Cross-Coupling of Methylarenes with Imines. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00085g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we have developed a metal-free convergent paired electrolysis strategy for α-benzyl amine synthesis from readily available imines and methylarenes, taking advantage of both anodic oxidation and cathodic...
Collapse
|
16
|
Gui J, Sun M, Wu H, Li J, Yang J, Wang Z. Direct benzylic C–H difluoroalkylation with difluoroenoxysilanes by transition metal-free photoredox catalysis. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00857b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A visible light promoted direct benzylic C–H difluoroalkylation with difluoroenoxysilanes catalyzed by Na2-eosin Y via a HAT-ORPC pathway has been developed, providing an efficient and atom-economic method for production of α-benzyl-α,α-difluoroketones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gui
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Manman Sun
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haijian Wu
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinshan Li
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianguo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li F, Liang Y, Zhan X, Zhang S, Li MB. Electricity-driven redox-neutral C(sp 3)–H amidation with N-alkoxyamide as an amidating reagent. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01108e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical redox-neutral C(sp3)–H amidation was developed with N-alkoxyamide as an amidating reagent. Under sequential paired electrolysis, N-alkoxyamides showed higher reactivity compared to the direct reaction of primary amides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Li
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Yating Liang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xuan Zhan
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Man-Bo Li
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou SY, Zhang D, Liu XJ, Qin JH, Fu ZL, Li SL, Cai FJ, Li Y, Li JH. Visible-Light-Driven Photoredox-Catalyzed C(sp3)-C(sp3) Cross-Coupling of N-arylamines with Cycloketone Oxime Esters. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00128d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel photoredox-catalyzed C(sp3)-C(sp3) cross-coupling between N-arylamines and cycloketone oxime esters under mild conditions has been accomplished. The redox-neutral reaction proceeds good functional group tolerance and excellent regioselectivity without any...
Collapse
|
19
|
Electrochemical Oxidative C H Phosphonylation of thiazole derivatives in ambient conditions. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.112022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
20
|
Chen X, Liu H, Gao H, Li P, Miao T, Li H. Electrochemical Regioselective Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of Indoles with Xanthenes. J Org Chem 2021; 87:1056-1064. [PMID: 34964353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical cross-dehydrogenative coupling of indoles with xanthenes has been established at room temperature. This coupling reaction could proceed in the absence of any catalyst or external oxidant, and generate the indole derivatives in moderate yields. Mechanistic experiments support that a radical pathway maybe involved in this reaction system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Hongqiang Liu
- China Synchem Technology Co., Ltd., Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P. R. China
| | - Hui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Tao Miao
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Hongji Li
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rajamanickam S, Saraswat M, Venkataramani S, Patel BK. Intermolecular CDC amination of remote and proximal unactivated C sp3 -H bonds through intrinsic substrate reactivity - expanding towards a traceless directing group. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15318-15328. [PMID: 34976352 PMCID: PMC8635183 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04365j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An intermolecular radical based distal selectivity in appended alkyl chains has been developed. The selectivity is maximum when the distal carbon is γ to the appended group and decreases by moving from γ → δ → ε positions. In –COO– linked alkyl chains, the same distal γ-selectivity is observed irrespective of its origin, either from the alkyl carboxy acid or alkyl alcohol. The appended groups include esters, N–H protected amines, phthaloyl, sulfone, sulfinimide, nitrile, phosphite, phosphate and borate esters. In borate esters, boron serves as a traceless directing group, which is hitherto unprecedented for any remote Csp3–H functionalization. The selectivity order follows the trend: 3° benzylic > 2° benzylic > 3° tertiary > α to keto > distal methylene (γ > δ > ε). Computations predicted the radical stability (thermodynamic factors) and the kinetic barriers as the factors responsible for such trends. Remarkably, this strategy eludes any designer catalysts, and the selectivity is due to the intrinsic substrate reactivity. An intermolecular amination at the distal methylene carbon has been realized in an appended alkyl chain with electron withdrawing groups. Traceless remote Csp3–H functionalization has been accomplished using borate esters.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Rajamanickam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati North Guwahati Address Assam-781039 India
| | - Mayank Saraswat
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Sector 81, Knowledge City, Manauli SAS Nagar 140306 India
| | - Sugumar Venkataramani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Sector 81, Knowledge City, Manauli SAS Nagar 140306 India
| | - Bhisma K Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati North Guwahati Address Assam-781039 India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hou ZW, Jiang T, Wu TX, Wang L. Electrochemical Intermolecular Monofluoroalkylation of α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids and Heteroaromatics with 2-Fluoromalonate Esters. Org Lett 2021; 23:8585-8589. [PMID: 34699245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical approach for the preparation of monofluorides from α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids and heteroaromatics with readily available 2-fluoromalonate esters as monofluoroalkyl radical precursors has been developed. The electrosynthesis employs ferrocene (Cp2Fe) as a catalyst in a simple undivided cell with a broad substrate scope, which obviates the need for sacrificial oxidizing reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wei Hou
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Ting-Xia Wu
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen SJ, Golden DL, Krska SW, Stahl SS. Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Benzylic C-H Bonds and Azoles with Controlled N-Site Selectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14438-14444. [PMID: 34464528 PMCID: PMC8487258 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Azoles are important motifs in medicinal chemistry, and elaboration of their structures via direct N-H/C-H coupling could have broad utility in drug discovery. The ambident reactivity of many azoles, however, presents significant selectivity challenges. Here, we report a copper-catalyzed method that achieves site-selective cross-coupling of pyrazoles and other N-H heterocycles with substrates bearing (hetero)benzylic C-H bonds. Excellent N-site selectivity is achieved, with the preferred site controlled by the identity of co-catalytic additives. This cross-coupling strategy features broad scope for both the N-H heterocycle and benzylic C-H coupling partners, enabling application of this method to complex molecule synthesis and medicinal chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Dung L. Golden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Shane W. Krska
- High-Throughput Experimentation and Lead Discovery Capabilities, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|