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Gao C, Long J, Yue Y, Li B, Huang Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhang L, Qian G. Degradation and regeneration inhibition of PCDD/Fs in incineration fly ash by low-temperature thermal technology. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135315. [PMID: 39096638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Low-temperature thermal degradation of PCDD/Fs for incineration fly ash (IFA), as a novel and emerging technology approach, offers promising features of high degradation efficiency and low energy consumption, presenting enormous potential for application in IFA resource utilization processes. This review summarizes the concentrations, congener distributions, and heterogeneity characteristics of PCDD/Fs in IFA from municipal, medical, and hazardous waste incineration. A comparative analysis of five PCDD/Fs degradation technologies is conducted regarding their characteristics, industrial potential, and applicability. From the perspective of low-temperature degradation mechanisms, pathways to enhance PCDD/Fs degradation efficiency and inhibit their regeneration reactions are discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges to achieve low-temperature degradation of PCDD/Fs for IFA with high-efficiency are prospected. This review seeks to explore new opportunities for the detoxification and resource utilization of IFA by implementing more efficient and viable low-temperature degradation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenqi Gao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jisheng Long
- Shanghai SUS Environment Co., LTD., Shanghai 201703, China
| | - Yang Yue
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai SUS Environment Co., LTD., Shanghai 201703, China
| | - Yiru Huang
- Shanghai SUS Environment Co., LTD., Shanghai 201703, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lingen Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Guangren Qian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Peceño B, Luna-Galiano Y, Varela F, Alonso-Fariñas B, Leiva C. Study of a Fire-Resistant Plate Containing Fly Ashes Generated from Municipal Waste Incinerator: Fire and Mechanical Characteristics and Environmental Life Cycle Assessment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1813. [PMID: 38673170 PMCID: PMC11050783 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The recycling of fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration is currently a global issue. This work intends to examine the viability of a novel recycling alternative for fly ashes as a component of fire-resistant plates. To lessen the quantity of heavy metal leaching, the fly ash was utilized after being washed using a water/fly ash ratio of 2 for one hour. Subsequently, an inexpensive, straightforward molding and curing process was used to create a plate, with a composition of 60%wt of MSWI-FA, 30%wt of gypsum, 0.5%wt of glass fiber and 9.5%wt of vermiculite. The plate exhibited high fire resistance. Furthermore, it demonstrated compression, flexural strength and surface hardness slightly lower than the requirements of European Standards. This allows for manufacturing plates with a high washed MSWI-FA content as fire protection in firewalls and doors for homes and commercial buildings. A Life Cycle Assessment was carried out. The case study shows that a 60% substitution of gypsum resulted in an environmental impact reduction of 8-48% for all impact categories examined, except four categories impacts (marine eutrophication, human toxicity (cancer), human non-carcinogenic toxicity and water depletion, where it increased between 2 and 718 times), due to the previous washing of MSWI-FA. When these fly ashes are used as a raw material in fire-resistant materials, they may be recycled and offer environmental advantages over more conventional materials like gypsum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Peceño
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Escuela de Prevención de Riesgos y Medioambiente, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile; (B.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Yolanda Luna-Galiano
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain; (Y.L.-G.); (B.A.-F.)
| | - Fabiola Varela
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Escuela de Prevención de Riesgos y Medioambiente, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile; (B.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Bernabé Alonso-Fariñas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain; (Y.L.-G.); (B.A.-F.)
| | - Carlos Leiva
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain; (Y.L.-G.); (B.A.-F.)
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Hanh PTH, Suwunwong T, Chantrapromma S, Choto P, Thanomsilp C, Phoungthong K. Preparation and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-glycerol composite films incorporating nanosilica from municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25963. [PMID: 38379987 PMCID: PMC10877291 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the fabrication of a composite film composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glycerol, incorporating nanosilica derived from municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash (BA). The nanosilica is blended with a PVA film-forming solution containing glycerol as a plasticizer. The composite films are characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is conducted to evaluate the thermal properties, while the mechanical properties are assessed in terms of tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EAB). The results indicate that the presence of silica nanoparticles reduces transparency and increases film thickness in the presence of glycerol. Notably, the film containing 1% silica demonstrates a significant enhancement in tensile strength, exhibiting a 50% increase compared to the film without silica. However, higher silica loadings lead to a deterioration in mechanical properties due to silica agglomeration within the polymer matrix. As expected, the presence of silica in the films slightly elevates the degradation temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phan Thi Hong Hanh
- Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Thitipone Suwunwong
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS), Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Suchada Chantrapromma
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Patcharanan Choto
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS), Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | | | - Khamphe Phoungthong
- Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
- Hub of Waste Management for Sustainable Development, Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Vilarinho IS, Guimarães G, Labrincha JA, Seabra MP. Development of Eco-Mortars with the Incorporation of Municipal Solid Wastes Incineration Ash. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6933. [PMID: 37959531 PMCID: PMC10649002 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The cement sector is the second largest contributor to anthropogenic CO2 emissions, and several efforts have been made to reduce its environmental impact. One alternative that has gained interest in recent years involves the use of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash (BA) as clinker/cement replacement. This paper studies the application of MSWI BA in three different ways: (i) aggregate (0 to 100 v/v %), (ii) partial binder substitute (0 to 30 v/v %), and (iii) filler (5 v/v %). It stands out for its approach in characterizing seven distinct BA particle sizes and for the development and analysis of eco-cement mortars with only mechanically pre-treated BA. Hardened state properties showed that the use of BA as aggregate leads to deterioration and efflorescence formation on the surface of the mortars, making this application unfeasible. The replacement of 15 v/v % of OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement) by BA and the use of finer (<63 μm) BA as filler caused a decrease in the compressive strength of the mortar, from 15.8 to 9.3 and 11.0, respectively. However, these materials are suitable for use in walls where the minimum required mechanical resistance is 5 MPa. Furthermore, these mortars demonstrated resilience against freeze-thaw cycles and even exhibited increased compressive strength after 25 cycles. Thus, this work showed that MSWI BA can be used as an OPC substitute (up to 15 v/v %) and as a filler, promoting circular economy principles and reducing CO2 emissions related to the construction industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês S. Vilarinho
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (G.G.); (J.A.L.)
| | | | | | - Maria P. Seabra
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (G.G.); (J.A.L.)
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Spreadbury CJ, Magnuson JK, Clavier KA, Laux SJ, Townsend TG. Effect of waste-derived soil amendments on mitigating leaching impacts from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ash. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 169:186-195. [PMID: 37453306 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This study explores modifying a sandy soil with a low solid to liquid partitioning coefficient (Kd) by adding amendments including iron-rich industrial slag byproducts and biochars, which contain sorption sites for trace metals present in MSWI ash leachate (notably Sb, cited as a concern for reuse applications). Kd values for Sb were determined for the sandy soil to be as low as 1.6 ± 0.1 L/kg. With amendments, Kd values varied from 1.4 ± 0.2 L/kg for combined ash leachate exposed to a blend of sandy soil and 20% iron slag, to 990 L/kg for combined ash leachate exposed to a blend of sandy soil and 20% magnetic solids. A blend of 20% magnetic solids showed orders of magnitude increase beyond 100% sandy soil. The biochars showed limited capacity to reduce leached Sb in the ash-derived leachate, which is likely due to negative surface charges of the biochars and Sb at basic pH. A risk assessment (US EPA IWEM) performed using experimental Kd for each blend suggests that using soil amendments could reduce leached concentrations at points of concern, which could open additional avenues for ash reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad J Spreadbury
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611-6450, USA
| | - Jordan K Magnuson
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611-6450, USA
| | - Kyle A Clavier
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611-6450, USA
| | - Steven J Laux
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611-6450, USA
| | - Timothy G Townsend
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611-6450, USA.
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Kallio A, Virtanen S, Leikoski N, Iloniemi E, Kämäräinen M, Hildén T, Mattila A. Radioactivity of residues from waste incineration facilities in Finland. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2023; 43:021502. [PMID: 36940473 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/acc596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Waste incineration in Europe has been increasing in the past few decades as there is a need to reduce the burden on landfills and their associated environmental concerns. While incineration reduces the volume of the waste, the volume of slag and ash is still substantial. To find out potential radiation risks that incineration residues could set to workers or the public, the levels of radioactive elements in these residues were investigated from nine waste incineration plants in Finland. Natural and artificial radionuclides were detected in the residues, but in general the activity concentrations were low. This study shows that the level of Cs-137 in the fly ash from municipal waste incineration follows the pattern of 1986 fallout zones in Finland, although the levels are significantly lower than in ash from bioenergy production from the same areas. Am-241 was also detected in many samples, although the activity concentrations were very low. Based on the findings in this study, the typical ash and slag residues from municipal waste incineration do not need radiation protection measures for workers or the public even in regions that received up to 80 kBq m-2of Cs-137 fallout in 1986. The further use of these residues need not be restricted due to radioactivity. Hazardous waste incineration residues and other special cases need to be considered separately, depending on the original waste composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Kallio
- Radiation Practices Regulation, Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Sinikka Virtanen
- Environmental Radiation Surveillance, Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Niina Leikoski
- Radiation Practices Regulation, Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Eeva Iloniemi
- Environmental Radiation Surveillance, Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Meerit Kämäräinen
- Environmental Radiation Surveillance, Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Timo Hildén
- Environmental Radiation Surveillance, Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Aleksi Mattila
- Environmental Radiation Surveillance, Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Vantaa, Finland
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Characterization of Dioxins and Heavy Metals in Chelated Fly Ash. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15134868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash contains highly toxic heavy metals and polychlorinated dibenzo dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs), which are a type of hazardous waste. The pollution characteristics of fly ash have changed with the development of stoker grate incinerators and the fly ash treatment technology; however, no research has been focused on this in recent years. In this study, 12 fly ash samples were collected from 9 grate power plants in southeastern China, and their PCDD/Fs and heavy metal concentrations were determined and compared to previous fly ash data. The PCDD/Fs concentration in fly ash was in the range of 0.002–0.051 ngI-TEQ/g, with an average of 0.027 ngI-TEQ/g. Furthermore, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD and OCDD made the most significant contributions to PCDDs. The distribution of 10 dioxins exhibited bimodal, unimodal, and normal characteristics. Linear fitting demonstrated a strong correlation between toxicity and 1,2,3,7,8-PentaCDD, 1,2,3,7,8-PentaCDF, and 2,3,4,7,8-PentaCDF. Concerning heavy metals, Pb poses a significant environmental risk. This is the first time that fly ash treated with a chelating agent has been thoroughly analyzed, which is vital for understanding the pollution level and treatment of fly ash derived from current power plants.
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