1
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Hymas M, Wongwas S, Roshan S, Whittock AL, Corre C, Omidyan R, Stavros VG. A Multipronged Bioengineering, Spectroscopic and Theoretical Approach in Unravelling the Excited-State Dynamics of the Archetype Mycosporine Amino Acid. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:7424-7429. [PMID: 38996192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Mycosporine glycine (MyG) was produced by the fermentation of a purposely engineered bacterial strain and isolated from this sustainable source. The ultrafast spectroscopy of MyG was then investigated in its native, zwitterionic form (MyGzwitter), via femtosecond transient electronic absorption spectroscopy. Complementary nonadiabatic (NAD) simulations suggest that, upon photoexcitation to the lowest excited singlet state (S1), MyGzwitter undergoes efficient nonradiative decay to repopulate the electronic ground state (S0). We propose an initial ultrafast ring-twisting mechanism toward an S1/S0 conical intersection, followed by internal conversion to S0 and subsequent vibrational cooling. This study illuminates the workings of the archetype mycosporine, providing photoprotection, in the UV-B range, to organisms such as corals, macroalgae, and cyanobacteria. This study also contributes to our growing understanding of the photoprotection mechanisms of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hymas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Sopida Wongwas
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Simin Roshan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abigail L Whittock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Analytical Science Centre for Doctoral Training, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Corre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Reza Omidyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vasilios G Stavros
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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2
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Vink MA, Alarcan J, Martens J, Buma WJ, Braeuning A, Berden G, Oomens J. Structural Elucidation of Agrochemical Metabolic Transformation Products Based on Infrared Ion Spectroscopy to Improve In Silico Toxicity Assessment. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:81-97. [PMID: 38118149 PMCID: PMC10792670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Toxicological assessments of newly developed agrochemical agents consider chemical modifications and their metabolic and biotransformation products. To carry out an in silico hazard assessment, understanding the type of chemical modification and its location on the original compound can greatly enhance the reliability of the evaluation. Here, we present and apply a method based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) enhanced with infrared ion spectroscopy (IRIS) to better delineate the molecular structures of transformation products before in silico toxicology evaluation. IRIS facilitates the recording of IR spectra directly in the mass spectrometer for features selected by retention time and mass-to-charge ratio. By utilizing quantum-chemically predicted IR spectra for candidate molecular structures, one can either derive the actual structure or significantly reduce the number of (isomeric) candidate structures. This approach can assist in making informed decisions. We apply this method to a plant growth stimulant, digeraniol sinapoyl malate (DGSM), that is currently under development. Incubation of the compound in Caco-2 and HepaRG cell lines in multiwell plates and analysis by LC-MS reveals oxidation, glucuronidation, and sulfonation metabolic products, whose structures were elucidated by IRIS and used as input for an in silico toxicology assessment. The toxicity of isomeric metabolites predicted by in silico tools was also assessed, which revealed that assigning the right metabolite structure is an important step in the overall toxicity assessment of the agrochemical. We believe this identification approach can be advantageous when specific isomers are significantly more hazardous than others and can help better understand metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias
J. A. Vink
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jimmy Alarcan
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science
Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science
Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Rioux B, Mouterde LMM, Alarcan J, Abiola TT, Vink MJA, Woolley JM, Peru AAM, Mention MM, Brunissen F, Berden G, Oomens J, Braeuning A, Stavros VG, Allais F. An expeditive and green chemo-enzymatic route to diester sinapoyl-l-malate analogues: sustainable bioinspired and biosourced UV filters and molecular heaters. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13962-13978. [PMID: 38075651 PMCID: PMC10699562 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04836e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Sinapoyl malate, naturally present in plants, has proved to be an exceptional UV filter and molecular heater for plants. Although there are nowadays industrially relevant sustainable synthetic routes to sinapoyl malate, its incorporation into certain cosmetic formulations, as well as its adsorption on plant leaves, is limited by its hydrophilicity. To overcome these obstacles, it is important to find a way to effectively control the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of sinapoyl malate to make it readily compatible with the cosmetic formulations and stick on the waxy cuticle of leaves. To this end, herein, we describe a highly regioselective chemo-enzymatic synthesis of sinapoyl malate analogues possessing fatty aliphatic chains of variable length, enabling the lipophilicity of the compounds to be modulated. The potential toxicity (i.e., mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, endocrine disruption, acute and repeated-dose toxicity), bioaccumulation, persistence and biodegradability potential of these new analogues were evaluated in silico, along with the study of their transient absorption spectroscopy, their photostability as well as their photodegradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rioux
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech 51110 Pomacle France
| | - Louis M M Mouterde
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech 51110 Pomacle France
| | - Jimmy Alarcan
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | - Temitope T Abiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road CV4 7AL Coventry UK
- Department of Chemistry, Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories 80 St. George Street Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Matthias J A Vink
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University Toernooiveld 7 6525ED Nijmegen Netherlands
| | - Jack M Woolley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road CV4 7AL Coventry UK
| | - Aurélien A M Peru
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech 51110 Pomacle France
| | - Matthieu M Mention
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech 51110 Pomacle France
| | - Fanny Brunissen
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech 51110 Pomacle France
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University Toernooiveld 7 6525ED Nijmegen Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University Toernooiveld 7 6525ED Nijmegen Netherlands
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | - Vasilios G Stavros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road CV4 7AL Coventry UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech 51110 Pomacle France
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4
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Dalton J, Toldo JM, Allais F, Barbatti M, Stavros VG. Understanding the Impact of Symmetrical Substitution on the Photodynamics of Sinapate Esters Using Gas-Phase Ultrafast Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8771-8779. [PMID: 37738948 PMCID: PMC10561265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Two model biomimetic systems, ethyl sinapate (ES) and its symmetrical analogue, diethyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)malonate (or diethyl sinapate, DES), are stripped to their core fundamentals through gas-phase spectroscopy to understand the underlying photophysics of photothermal materials. Following photoexcitation to the optically bright S1(ππ*) state, DES is found to repopulate the electronic ground state over 3 orders of magnitude quicker than its nonsymmetrical counterpart, ES. Our XMS-CASPT2 calculations shed light on the experimental results, revealing crucial differences in the potential energy surfaces and conical intersection topography between ES and DES. From this work, a peaked conical intersection, seen for DES, shows vital importance for the nonradiative ground-state recovery of photothermal materials. This fundamental comparative study highlights the potential impact that symmetrical substitution can have on the photodynamics of sinapate esters, providing a blueprint for future advancement in photothermal technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Dalton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | | | - Florent Allais
- URD
Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles, CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110 Pomacle, France
| | - Mario Barbatti
- Aix Marseille Université,
CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
- Institut
Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Vasilios G. Stavros
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
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5
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Kuntze K, Pooler DRS, Di Donato M, Hilbers MF, van der Meulen P, Buma WJ, Priimagi A, Feringa BL, Crespi S. A visible-light-driven molecular motor based on barbituric acid. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8458-8465. [PMID: 37592992 PMCID: PMC10430646 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03090c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a class of visible-light-driven molecular motors based on barbituric acid. Due to a serendipitous reactivity we observed during their synthesis, these motors possess a tertiary stereogenic centre on the upper half, characterised by a hydroxy group. Using a combination of femto- and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, molecular dynamics simulations and low-temperature 1H NMR experiments we found that these motors operate similarly to push-pull second-generation overcrowded alkene-based molecular motors. Interestingly, the hydroxy group at the stereocentre enables a hydrogen bond with the carbonyl groups of the barbituric acid lower half, which drives a sub-picosecond excited-state isomerisation, as observed spectroscopically. Computational simulations predict an excited state "lasso" mechanism where the intramolecular hydrogen bond pulls the molecule towards the formation of the metastable state, with a high predicted quantum yield of isomerisation (68%) in gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Kuntze
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9746 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University FI-33101 Tampere Finland
| | - Daisy R S Pooler
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9746 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- European Laboratory for Non Linear Spectroscopy (LENS) via N. Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- ICCOM-CNR via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI Italy
| | - Michiel F Hilbers
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Pieter van der Meulen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9746 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University Toernooiveld 7c 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Arri Priimagi
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University FI-33101 Tampere Finland
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9746 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9746 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
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6
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Toldo JM, do Casal MT, Ventura E, do Monte SA, Barbatti M. Surface hopping modeling of charge and energy transfer in active environments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8293-8316. [PMID: 36916738 PMCID: PMC10034598 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00247k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
An active environment is any atomic or molecular system changing a chromophore's nonadiabatic dynamics compared to the isolated molecule. The action of the environment on the chromophore occurs by changing the potential energy landscape and triggering new energy and charge flows unavailable in the vacuum. Surface hopping is a mixed quantum-classical approach whose extreme flexibility has made it the primary platform for implementing novel methodologies to investigate the nonadiabatic dynamics of a chromophore in active environments. This Perspective paper surveys the latest developments in the field, focusing on charge and energy transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizete Ventura
- Departamento de Química, CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58059-900, João Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - Silmar A do Monte
- Departamento de Química, CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58059-900, João Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - Mario Barbatti
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231, Paris, France
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7
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Vink MA, Schermer JJ, Martens J, Buma WJ, Berden G, Oomens J. Characterization of Solar Radiation-Induced Degradation Products of the Plant Sunscreen Sinapoyl Malate. ACS AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 3:171-180. [PMID: 36846518 PMCID: PMC9945346 DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.2c00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural activities at lower temperatures lead to lower yields due to reduced plant growth. Applying photomolecular heater agrochemicals could boost yields under these conditions, but UV-induced degradation of these compounds needs to be assessed. In this study, we employ liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) coupled with infrared ion spectroscopy (IRIS) to detect and identify the degradation products generated upon simulated solar irradiation of sinapoyl malate, a proposed photomolecular heater/UV filter compound. All major irradiation-induced degradation products are identified in terms of their full molecular structure by comparing the IRIS spectra obtained after LC fractionation and mass isolation with reference IR spectra obtained from quantum-chemical calculations. In cases where physical standards are available, a direct experimental-to-experimental comparison is possible for definitive structure identification. We find that the major degradation products originate from trans-to-cis isomerization, ester cleavage, and esterification reactions of sinapoyl malate. Preliminary in silico toxicity investigations using the VEGAHUB platform suggest no significant concerns for these degradation products' human and environmental safety. The identification workflow presented here can analogously be applied to break down products from other agrochemical compounds. As the method records IR spectra with the sensitivity of LC-MS, application to agricultural samples, e.g., from field trials, is foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias
J. A. Vink
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John J. Schermer
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands,van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands,
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands,
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8
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Boeije Y, Olivucci M. From a one-mode to a multi-mode understanding of conical intersection mediated ultrafast organic photochemical reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2643-2687. [PMID: 36970950 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00719c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses how ultrafast organic photochemical reactions are controlled by conical intersections, highlighting that decay to the ground-state at multiple points of the intersection space results in their multi-mode character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorrick Boeije
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Chemistry Department, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro n. 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Chemistry Department, Bowling Green State University, Overman Hall, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, USA
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9
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Shi YY, Wei B, Zhou J, Yin ZL, Zhao F, Peng YJ, Yu QW, Wang XL, Chen YJ. Discovery of 5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine- 2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione as a novel and effective cardioprotective agent via dual anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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10
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Abiola TT, Rioux B, Johal S, Mention MM, Brunissen F, Woolley JM, Allais F, Stavros VG. Insight into the Photodynamics of Photostabilizer Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:8388-8397. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Temitope T. Abiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7ALUnited Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Rioux
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110, Pomacle, France
| | - Sharanjit Johal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7ALUnited Kingdom
| | - Matthieu M. Mention
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110, Pomacle, France
| | - Fanny Brunissen
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110, Pomacle, France
| | - Jack M. Woolley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7ALUnited Kingdom
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110, Pomacle, France
| | - Vasilios G. Stavros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7ALUnited Kingdom
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11
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Abiola TT, Toldo JM, do Casal MT, Flourat AL, Rioux B, Woolley JM, Murdock D, Allais F, Barbatti M, Stavros VG. Direct structural observation of ultrafast photoisomerization dynamics in sinapate esters. Commun Chem 2022; 5:141. [PMID: 36697608 PMCID: PMC9814104 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00757-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sinapate esters have been extensively studied for their potential application in 'nature-inspired' photoprotection. There is general consensus that the relaxation mechanism of sinapate esters following photoexcitation with ultraviolet radiation is mediated by geometric isomerization. This has been largely inferred through indirect studies involving transient electronic absorption spectroscopy in conjunction with steady-state spectroscopies. However, to-date, there is no direct experimental evidence tracking the formation of the photoisomer in real-time. Using transient vibrational absorption spectroscopy, we report on the direct structural changes that occur upon photoexcitation, resulting in the photoisomer formation. Our mechanistic analysis predicts that, from the photoprepared ππ* state, internal conversion takes place through a conical intersection (CI) near the geometry of the initial isomer. Our calculations suggest that different CI topographies at relevant points on the seam of intersection may influence the isomerization yield. Altogether, we provide compelling evidence suggesting that a sinapate ester's geometric isomerization can be a more complex dynamical process than originally thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope T. Abiola
- grid.7372.10000 0000 8809 1613Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Josene M. Toldo
- grid.462456.70000 0004 4902 8637Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
| | - Mariana T. do Casal
- grid.462456.70000 0004 4902 8637Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
| | - Amandine L. Flourat
- grid.417885.70000 0001 2185 8223URD Agro-Biotechnologies (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110 Pomacle, France
| | - Benjamin Rioux
- grid.417885.70000 0001 2185 8223URD Agro-Biotechnologies (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110 Pomacle, France
| | - Jack M. Woolley
- grid.7372.10000 0000 8809 1613Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Daniel Murdock
- grid.7372.10000 0000 8809 1613Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Florent Allais
- grid.417885.70000 0001 2185 8223URD Agro-Biotechnologies (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110 Pomacle, France
| | - Mario Barbatti
- grid.462456.70000 0004 4902 8637Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France ,grid.440891.00000 0001 1931 4817Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Vasilios G. Stavros
- grid.7372.10000 0000 8809 1613Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
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12
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do Casal MT, Toldo JM, Plasser F, Barbatti M. Using diketopyrrolopyrroles to stabilize double excitation and control internal conversion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23279-23288. [PMID: 36164816 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03533b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) is a pivotal functional group to tune the physicochemical properties of novel organic photoelectronic materials. Among multiple uses, DPP-thiophene derivatives forming a dimer through a vinyl linker were recently shown to quench the fluorescence observed in their isolated monomers. Here, we explain this fluorescence quenching using computational chemistry. The DPP-thiophene dimer has a low-lying doubly excited state that is not energetically accessible for the monomer. This state delays the fluorescence allowing internal conversion to occur first. We characterize the doubly excited state wavefunction by systematically changing the derivatives to tune the π-scaffold size and the acceptor and donor characters. The origin of this state's stabilization is related to the increase in the π-system and not to the charge-transfer features. This analysis delivers core conceptual information on the electronic properties of organic chromophores arranged symmetrically around a vinyl linker, opening new ways to control the balance between luminescence and internal conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mario Barbatti
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France, 75231, Paris, France
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13
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Feuge N, Namyslo JC, Kaufmann DE, Wilhelm R. Intramolecular Phosphine-Promoted Knoevenagel Based Redox-Reaction. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27154875. [PMID: 35956825 PMCID: PMC9370043 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A Knoevenagel based redox-reaction promoted by intramolecular phosphine sources is presented for the first time. The influence of different diketones, aldehydes, bases and acids was investigated. The effects of different substituents were evaluated based on their electronical influence on the diketone structure. With the obtained results a mechanism is proposed, giving information about transition states formed during the reaction, which can lead to different products. This type of an internal redox transformation with a phosphine oxide moiety remaining in the molecule after the redox reaction represents a new type of reaction.
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Rioux B, Combes J, Woolley JM, Rodrigues NDN, Mention MM, Stavros VG, Allais F. From Biomass-Derived p-Hydroxycinnamic Acids to Novel Sustainable and Non-Toxic Phenolics-Based UV-Filters: A Multidisciplinary Journey. Front Chem 2022; 10:886367. [PMID: 35864863 PMCID: PMC9294603 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.886367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although organic UV-filters are extensively used in cosmetics to protect consumers from the deleterious effects of solar UV radiation-exposure, they suffer from some major drawbacks such as their fossil origin and their toxicity to both humans and the environment. Thus, finding sustainable and non-toxic UV-filters is becoming a topic of great interest for the cosmetic industry. A few years ago, sinapoyl malate was shown to be a powerful naturally occurring UV-filter. Building on these findings, we decided to design and optimize an entire value chain that goes from biomass to innovative biobased and non-toxic lignin-derived UV-filters. This multidisciplinary approach relies on: 1) The production of phenolic synthons using either metabolite extraction from biomass or their bioproduction through synthetic biology/fermentation/in stream product recovery; 2) their functionalization using green chemistry to access sinapoyl malate and analogues; 3) the study of their UV-filtering activity, their photostability, their biological properties; and 4) their photodynamics. This mini-review aims at demonstrating that combining biotechnology, green chemistry, downstream process and photochemistry is a powerful approach to transform biomass and, in particular lignins, into high value-added innovative UV-filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rioux
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle, France
| | - Jeanne Combes
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle, France
| | - Jack M. Woolley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingtom
| | - Natércia d. N. Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingtom
- Lipotec SAU, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthieu M. Mention
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle, France
| | - Vasilios G. Stavros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingtom
- *Correspondence: Vasilios G. Stavros, ; Florent Allais,
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle, France
- *Correspondence: Vasilios G. Stavros, ; Florent Allais,
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Investigating the Ultrafast Dynamics and Long-Term Photostability of an Isomer Pair, Usujirene and Palythene, from the Mycosporine-like Amino Acid Family. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072272. [PMID: 35408670 PMCID: PMC9000306 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mycosporine-like amino acids are a prevalent form of photoprotection in micro- and macro-organisms. Using a combination of natural product extraction/purification and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, we studied the relaxation pathway for a common mycosporine-like amino acid pair, usujirene and its geometric isomer palythene, in the first few nanoseconds following photoexcitation. Our studies show that the electronic excited state lifetimes of these molecules persist for only a few hundred femtoseconds before the excited state population is funneled through an energetically accessible conical intersection with subsequent vibrational energy transfer to the solvent. We found that a minor portion of the isomer pair did not recover to their original state within 3 ns after photoexcitation. We investigated the long-term photostability using continuous irradiation at a single wavelength and with a solar simulator to mimic a more real-life environment; high levels of photostability were observed in both experiments. Finally, we employed computational methods to elucidate the photochemical and photophysical properties of usujirene and palythene as well as to reconcile the photoprotective mechanism.
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Fan J, Finazzi L, Jan Buma W. Elucidating the photoprotective properties of natural UV screening agents: ZEKE-PFI spectroscopy of methyl sinapate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:3984-3993. [PMID: 35099484 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05958k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a prominent derivative of a natural sunscreen, methyl sinapate is an ideal candidate to provide fundamental insight into strategies on how to come to a rational design of artificial sunscreen filters with improved photoprotective properties. Here, static and time-resolved Zero Kinetic Energy-Pulsed Field Ionization (ZEKE-PFI) photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to study the spectroscopy and decay pathways of its electronically excited states. We find that different conformers are subject to distinct structural changes upon electronic excitation, and trace the structural changes that occur upon excitation back to the character of the LUMO. Ionization efficiency spectra in combination with pump-probe ZEKE-PFI spectra are consistent with the conclusion that the long-lived electronically excited state observed in the decay of the lowest excited singlet state is the lowest excited triplet state. Concurrently with providing information on the electronically excited states, the studies allow for a detailed characterization of the spectroscopic properties of the ground state of the radical ion, which is important in the context of the use of cinnamates in nature as antioxidants. Our studies determine the adiabatic ionization energies of the syn/cis, anti/cis and anti/trans conformers as 60 291.1 ± 0.5, 60 366.9 ± 0.5 and 60 503.9 ± 1.0 cm-1, respectively, and provide accurate vibrational fequencies of low-frequency modes of the molecular ion in its electronic ground state. Finally, the studies emphasize the important role of vibrational and electronic autoionization processes that start to dominate the ionization dynamics in non-rigid molecules of the present size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun Fan
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Laura Finazzi
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Ventura E, Andrade do Monte S, T. do Casal M, Pinheiro M, Toldo JM, Barbatti M. Modeling the heating and cooling of a chromophore after photoexcitation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:9403-9410. [PMID: 35385568 PMCID: PMC9020442 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00686c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The heating of a chromophore due to internal conversion and its cooling down due to energy dissipation to the solvent are crucial phenomena to characterize molecular photoprocesses. In this work, we simulated the ab initio nonadiabatic dynamics of cytosine, a prototypical chromophore undergoing ultrafast internal conversion, in three solvents—argon matrix, benzene, and water—spanning an extensive range of interactions. We implemented an analytical energy-transfer model to analyze these data and extract heating and cooling times. The model accounts for nonadiabatic effects, and excited- and ground-state energy transfer, and can analyze data from any dataset containing kinetic energy as a function of time. Cytosine heats up in the subpicosecond scale and cools down within 25, 4, and 1.3 ps in argon, benzene, and water, respectively. The time constants reveal that a significant fraction of the benzene and water heating occurs while cytosine is still electronically excited. An analytical energy-transfer model is implemented to obtain a chromophore's heating and cooling times in a given solvent by using quantities available in nonadiabatic dynamics simulations.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizete Ventura
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58059-900, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | | | | | - Max Pinheiro
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
| | | | - Mario Barbatti
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
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