1
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Yu H, Li X, Tang S, He Q, Jiang M, Li X, Fang F, Zhang G. Iron-catalyzed ligand-free diazidation of alkenes controlled by the ratio of TBHP to TMSN 3. Org Biomol Chem 2025; 23:308-312. [PMID: 39588581 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01698j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2024]
Abstract
The diazidation of alkenes through an iron-catalyzed, ligand-free system has been established, providing straightforward access to structurally vicinal diazides in good yields at room temperature with TMSN3 as the azido source. The ratio of tBuOOH to TMSN3 was essential for the reaction: one equivalent TMSN3 was needed to react with tBuOOH to form HN3 as a nucleophile in the reaction ultimately achieving the diazidation of alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhou Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Xingyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Shitong Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Qian He
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Mengchen Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Xinyue Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Fang Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Guoyu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
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2
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Yang ZX, Xu XC, He BW, Meng YX, Zhao YL. Dual Photoredox/Copper-Catalyzed Three-Component Alkylcyanation of Alkenes and 1,4-Alkylcyanation of 1,3-Enynes Employing Sulfoxonium Ylides as the Carbon Radical Precursors. Org Lett 2024; 26:10576-10582. [PMID: 39625707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2024]
Abstract
A novel dual photoredox/copper-catalyzed three-component alkylcyanation of alkenes and 1,4-alkylcyanation of 1,3-enynes have been developed. In this radical cyanoalkylation reaction, the photoredox induced alkyl radical from sulfoxonium ylides adds to the carbon-carbon double bonds of styrenes or 1,3-enynes, and the generated benzylic or allenyl radicals couple with a Cu(II) cyanide complex to achieve selective cyanation. The reaction exhibits high chemo- and regioselectivity and a wide substrate scope, providing an efficient method for the synthesis of alkyl nitriles and allenyl nitriles in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xuan Yang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xue-Cen Xu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Bo-Wen He
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Meng
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yu-Long Zhao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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3
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Campos PRO, Alberto EE. Pnictogen and Chalcogen Salts as Alkylating Agents. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202400139. [PMID: 39548904 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 11/18/2024]
Abstract
Alkylation reactions and their products are considered crucial in various contexts. Synthetically, the alkylation of a nucleophile is usually promoted using hazardous alkyl halides. Here, we aim to highlight the potential of pnictogen (ammonium or phosphonium) and chalcogen salts (sulfonium, selenonium, and telluronium) to function as alkylating agents. These compounds can be considered as non-volatile electrophilic alkyl reservoirs. We will center our discussion on the strategies developed in recent years to expand the synthetic utility of these salts in terms of transferable alkyl groups, substrate scope, and product selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipe Raphael O Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo E Alberto
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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4
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Biswas P, Maity A, Figgins MT, Powers DC. Aziridine Group Transfer via Transient N-Aziridinyl Radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:30796-30801. [PMID: 39497240 PMCID: PMC11565639 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c14169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2024] [Revised: 10/28/2024] [Accepted: 10/30/2024] [Indexed: 11/14/2024]
Abstract
Aziridines are the smallest nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Strain-enhanced electrophilicity renders aziridines useful synthetic intermediates and gives rise to biological activity. Classical aziridine syntheses─based on either [2 + 1] cycloadditions or intramolecular substitution chemistry─assemble aziridines from acyclic precursors. Here, we introduce N-aziridinyl radicals as a reactive intermediate that enables the transfer of intact aziridine fragments in organic synthesis. Transient N-aziridinyl radicals are generated by the reductive activation of N-pyridinium aziridines and are directly characterized by spin-trapped EPR spectroscopy. In the presence of O2, N-aziridinyl radicals are added to styrenyl olefins to afford 1,2-hydroxyaziridination products. These results establish aziridinyl radicals as new reactive intermediates in synthetic chemistry and demonstrate aziridine group transfer as a viable synthetic disconnection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Promita Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Asim Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Matthew T. Figgins
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David C. Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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5
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Zhou ZL, Zhang Y, Cui PZ, Li JH. Photo-/Electrocatalytic Difunctionalization of Alkenes Enabled by C-H Radical Functionalization. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202402458. [PMID: 39126402 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The difunctionalization of alkenes represents a powerful tool to incorporate two functional groups into the alkene bones for increasing molecular complexity and has been widely utilizations in chemical synthesis. Upon the catalysis of the green, sustainable, mild photo-/electrochemistry technologies, much attentions have been attracted to the development of new tactics for the transformations of the important alkene and alkane feedstocks driven by C-H radical functionalization. Herein, we summarize recent advances in the photo-/electrocatalytic difunctionalization of alkenes enabled by C-H radical functionalization. We detailedly discuss the substrate scope and the mechanisms of the photo-/electrocatalytic alkene difunctionalization reactions by selecting impressive synthetic examples, which are divided into four sections based on the final terminated step, including oxidative radical-polar crossover coupling, reductive radical-polar crossover coupling, radical-radical coupling, and transition-metal-catalyzed coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Long Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Pei-Zhe Cui
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
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6
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Wang Z. Photocatalytic difunctionalization of arylalkenes with quinoxalinones and dialkyl dithiophosphoric acids. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:8575-8579. [PMID: 39364653 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01337a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Here, a photocatalytic three-component reaction between arylalkenes, quinoxalinones and dialkyl dithiophosphoric acids was developed. This protocol allows the simultaneous incorporation of heterocyclic and dithiophosphoryl groups into a single molecule structure efficiently. These functionalities are important precursors in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473061, China.
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7
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Duan MF, Xiao M, Ogundipe OO, Wu XX, Zou JP. Copper-Catalyzed Vicinal Thiocyanosulfonylation of Alkenes and Alkynes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:11558-11566. [PMID: 39082143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Efficient copper-catalyzed radical thiocyanosulfonylation of alkenes and alkynes with potassium thiocyanate and sodium phenylsulfinate is described. The reactions provide general and convenient methods toward the synthesis of β-thiocyanoalkyl sulfones and β-thiocyanoalkenyl sulfones, respectively, in satisfactory yields. Based on conducted mechanistic experiments, a mechanism involving oxidative generation of sulfonyl radicals and subsequent addition to alkenes followed by Cu-assisted thiocyanation is proposed. Moreover, the practicability of the reaction is successfully demonstrated by its successful application on a gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Fan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Mei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Olukayode Olamiji Ogundipe
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xin-Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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8
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Zhu L, Zhu PW, Hu LY, Lin SY, Wu L, Zhu J. Electrochemically Enabled Hydroxyphosphorylation of 1,3-Enynes to Access Phosphinyl-Substituted Propargyl Alcohols. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10796-10804. [PMID: 39030172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic difunctionalization with the direct activation of (O)P-H bonds has been recently established as a potentially robust platform to generate valuable organophosphorus compounds. In terms of 1,3-enynes, despite of the various catalytic methods developed for hydrophosphorylation, the radical-mediated hetero-functionalization of two different atoms has been less explored. In this study, we disclosed an electrochemically induced hydroxyphosphorylation of 1,3-enynes for the construction of phosphinyl-substituted propargyl alcohols. The system involves the direct activation of both arylphosphine oxides and oxygen in ambient air with no external metal or additive needed. The use of electrochemistry ensures the regioselective, atom-economic and eco-friendly for the difunctionalization process. This strategy highlights the advantages of mild reaction conditions, readily available starting materials and broad substrate scope, showing its practical synthetic value in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Wei Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
- SINOPEC Jinling Company, NanJing 210033, P. R. China
| | - Li-Yan Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Yan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
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9
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Templ J, Schnürch M. Strategies for Using Quaternary Ammonium Salts as Alternative Reagents in Alkylations. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400675. [PMID: 38587031 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Alkylation reactions are pivotal in organic chemistry, with wide-ranging utilization across various fields of applied synthetic chemistry. However, conventional reagents employed in alkylations often pose substantial health and exposure risks. Quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) present a promising alternative for these transformations offering significantly reduced hazards as they are non-cancerogenic, non-mutagenic, non-flammable, and non-corrosive. Despite their potential, their use in direct organic transformations remains relatively unexplored. This review outlines strategies for utilizing QAS as alternative reagents in alkylation reactions, providing researchers with safer approaches to chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Templ
- TU Wien, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060, Wien, AUSTRIA
| | - Michael Schnürch
- TU Wien, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060, Wien, AUSTRIA
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10
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Zhang Z, Wang J, Yu C, Tan J, Du H, Chen N. Visible-Light-Induced Acylative Pyridylation of Styrenes. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38809604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced photocatalyst-free acylative pyridylation of styrenes with 4-acyl-1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs) and 4-cyanopyridines has been described, featuring mild reaction conditions, a broad substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance. The reaction could also be performed under sunlight irradiation albeit with a slightly lower conversion. 4-Acyl-1,4-DHPs serve a dual role, acting as both a photoreductant to reduce the cyanopyridine to its radical anion intermediate and a radical precursor to produce the acyl radical. The mechanism was especially elucidated through the Hammett analysis, with the quadratic linear regression analysis by using radical dual parameters, σmb and σjj·. The findings from Hammett analysis further demonstrate that the rate-limiting step of the process is the single electron transfer between 4-acyl-1,4-DHPs and 4-cyanopyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenfeng Yu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajing Tan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongguang Du
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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11
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Chen XM, Huang J, Pan J, Xie Y, Zeng F, Wei W, Yi D. Construction of β-Oximino Phosphorodithioates via (2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl-Promoted Difunctionalization of Alkenes with tert-Butyl Nitrite, P 4S 10, and Alcohols. Org Lett 2024; 26:3883-3888. [PMID: 38683041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
A (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl-mediated difunctionalization of alkenes with tert-butyl nitrite, P4S10, and alcohols has been developed for the synthesis of β-oximino phosphorodithioates. The reaction goes through a radical pathway with the successive installation of phosphorodithioate and an oxime group. This four-component protocol offers a practical approach to constructing a variety of β-oximino phosphorodithioates in moderate to good yields with favorable functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Chen
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan 425199, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Pan
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan 425199, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan 425199, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Zeng
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan 425199, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Yi
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
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12
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Li M, Feng Z, Duan C, Zhang T, Shi Y. Confinement Effect in Metal-Organic Framework Cu 3( BTC) 2 for Enhancing Shape Selectivity of Radical Difunctionalization of Alkenes. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14233-14240. [PMID: 38559924 PMCID: PMC10976352 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The radical difunctionalization of alkenes plays a vital role in pharmacy, but the conventional homogeneous catalytic systems are challenging in selectivity and sustainability to afford the target molecules. Herein, the famous readily available metal-organic framework (MOF), Cu3(BTC)2, has been applied to cyano-trifluoromethylation of alkenes as a high-performance and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst, which possesses copper(II) active sites residing in funnel-like cavities. Under mild conditions, styrene derivatives and various unactivated olefins could be smoothly transformed into the corresponding cyano-trifluoromethylation products. Moreover, the transformation brought about by the active copper center in confined environments achieved regio- and shape selectivity. To understand the enhanced selectivity, the activation manner of the MOF catalyst was studied with control catalytic experiments such as FT-IR and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy of substrate-incorporated Cu3(BTC)2, which elucidated that the catalyst underwent a radical transformation with the intermediates confined in the MOF cavity, and the confinement effect endowed the method with pronounced selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mochen Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering,
School of Chemistry, Dalian University of
Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Feng
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering,
School of Chemistry, Dalian University of
Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Chunying Duan
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering,
School of Chemistry, Dalian University of
Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Tiexin Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering,
School of Chemistry, Dalian University of
Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yusheng Shi
- Jiangsu
Yangnong Chemical Group Co., Ltd., Yangzhou 225001, P. R. China
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13
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Shi X, Wang Q, Tang Z, Huang H, Cao T, Cao H, Liu X. Divergent Synthesis of F- and CF 3-Containing N-Fused Heterocycles Enabled by Fragmentation Cycloaddition of β-CF 3-1,3-Enynes with N-Aminopyridiniums Ylides. Org Lett 2024; 26:1255-1260. [PMID: 38323865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The two novel cyclization modes of β-CF3-1,3-enynes are presented herein for the divergent construction of F- and CF3-containing N-fused heterocycles. Fluorinated pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines were afforded from β-CF3-1,3-enynes with N-aminopyridiniums ylides via detrifluoromethylative [2 + 3] cyclizations, followed by fluorine transfer from a CF3 unit. Whereas reaction with N-aminoisoquinoliniums ylides gave CF3-substituted pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline by unprecedented fragmentation [3 + 2]-cycloadditions. Additionally, gram-scale experiments and synthetic utility are demonstrated by further derivatization of fluorinated heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. of China
| | - Qiong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. of China
| | - Zhiqing Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. of China
| | - Huilin Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. of China
| | - Tongxin Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. of China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. of China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. of China
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14
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Csenki JT, Novák Z. Iodonium based regioselective double nucleophilic alkene functionalization of a hydrofluoroolefin scaffold. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:726-729. [PMID: 38112008 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04985j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a modular regioselective alkene difunctionalization strategy based on the use of hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) gas as fluorous feedstock material. The transformation of the HFO gas to iodonium salt creates vicinal electrophilic sites readily available for a broad range of nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- János T Csenki
- MTA-ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Novák
- MTA-ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.
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15
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Luo XL, Ye DD, Zheng J, Chen DN, Chen LN, Li L, Li SH, Xia PJ. Photocatalytic Unsymmetrical Diamination of Styrenes, Indoles, and Benzofurans Facilitated by Benzotriazolyl and Iminyl Radicals. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38193458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Utilizing energy transfer catalysis, this research employed the bifunctional reagents benzotriazole carboxylic acid oxime esters to simultaneously generate benzotriazole and imine radicals. The synthesis of two distinct C-N bonds in a single conversion is showcased through radical addition and radical-radical cross-coupling processes between benzotriazole carboxylic acid oxime ester and olefins. This process facilitates the intermolecular two-component unsymmetrical diamination reaction of olefins. Using this approach, more than 40 benzotriazole-containing molecules were successfully synthesized using styrene, indole, and benzofuran as acceptors, with yields ranging from moderate to excellent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling Luo
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Ye
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Judun Zheng
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510091, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Na Chen
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ning Chen
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Ju Xia
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
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16
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Di Terlizzi L, Nicchio L, Callegari C, Scaringi S, Neuville L, Fagnoni M, Protti S, Masson G. Visible-Light-Mediated Divergent and Regioselective Vicinal Difunctionalization of Styrenes with Arylazo Sulfones. Org Lett 2023; 25:9047-9052. [PMID: 38085821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Activated by visible light, arylazo sulfones can serve as multifaceted reactants and are employed in diazenylation, sulfonylation, and arylation reactions under (photo)catalyst-free conditions. Such versatile reactivity enabled us to develop an operationally simple, regioselective, and tunable difunctionalization of styrenes with arylazo sulfones to produce α-sulfonyl arylhydrazones and 1,2-alkoxyarylated products in moderate to excellent yields. Furthermore, such difunctionalized products have been exploited as key building blocks for the synthesis of various heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Di Terlizzi
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Luca Nicchio
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Camilla Callegari
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Simone Scaringi
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Luc Neuville
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- HitCat, Seqens-CNRS joint laboratory, Seqens'Lab, 8 Rue de Rouen, 78440 Porcheville, France
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Geraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- HitCat, Seqens-CNRS joint laboratory, Seqens'Lab, 8 Rue de Rouen, 78440 Porcheville, France
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17
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Xu LC, Ma XD, Liu KM, Duan XF. Chemo- and Regioselective Alkylation of Pyridine N-Oxides with Titanacyclopropanes. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38016093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
While titanacyclopropanes are used to react mainly with ester, amide, and cyano to undergo cyclopropanation, herein they react preferentially with pyridine N-oxide to accomplish C2-H alkylation beyond these functionalities with double regioselectivity. After being pyridylated at the less hindered C-Ti bond, the remaining C-Ti bond of titanacyclopropanes can be further functionalized by various electrophiles, allowing facile introduction of complex alkyls onto the C2 of pyridines. Its synthetic potential has been demonstrated by late-stage diversification of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chen Xu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Di Ma
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Kun-Ming Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Fang Duan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
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18
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Paulus F, Stein C, Heusel C, Stoffels TJ, Daniliuc CG, Glorius F. Three-Component Photochemical 1,2,5-Trifunctionalizations of Alkenes toward Densely Functionalized Lynchpins. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23814-23823. [PMID: 37852246 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Radical remote 1,n-difunctionalization reactions (n > 2) of alkenes are powerful tools to efficiently introduce functional groups with selected distances into target molecules. Among these reactions, 1,5-difunctionalizations are an important subclass, leading to sought-after scaffolds, but typically suffer from tailored starting materials and strict limitations for the formed functional group in 2-position. Seeking to address these issues and to make radical 1,5-difunctionalizations of alkenes more applicable, we report a novel three-component 1,2,5-trifunctionalization reaction between imine-based bifunctional reagents and two distinct alkenes, driven by visible light energy transfer-catalysis. Key to achieving this selective one-step installation of three different functional groups via the choreographed formation of four bonds was the utilization of a 1,2-boron shift and the rigorous capitalization of radical polarities and stabilities. Thorough mechanistic studies were carried out, and the synthetic utility of the obtained products was demonstrated by various downstream modifications. Notably, in addition to the functionalization of individual functional groups, their interplay gave rise to a unique array of cyclic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Paulus
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Colin Stein
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Corinna Heusel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias J Stoffels
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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19
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Dey J, Banerjee N, Daw S, Guin J. Photochemical Oximesulfonylation of Alkenes Using Sulfonyl-Oxime-Ethers as Bifunctional Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312384. [PMID: 37653722 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of oxime ethers as bifunctional reagents remains unknown. Herein, we present a mechanistically distinct strategy that enables oximesulfonylation of olefins using sulfonyl-oxime-ethers as bifunctional reagents under metal-free photochemical conditions. Via concomitant C-S and C-C bond formation, the process permits incorporation of oxime and sulfonyl groups into olefins in a complete atom-economic fashion, providing rapid access to multi-functionalized β-sulfonyl oxime ethers with good yields and stereoselectivity. The method is amenable to functionalization of complex bioactive molecules and is shown to be scalable. A radical chain mechanism initiated via photochemical Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) mediated N-O bond cleavage is suggested for the process, based on our results on mechanistic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Nayan Banerjee
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Swikriti Daw
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Joyram Guin
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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20
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Luo YC, Wang Y, Shi R, Zhang XG, Zhang HH, Xu PF. Photoredox Catalyzed [3 + 2]-Annulation Reaction of Pyridinium 1,4-Zwitterionic Thiolates with Alkenes: Synthesis of Dihydrothiophenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:6105-6109. [PMID: 37584499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Pyridinium 1,4-zwitterionic thiolates are usually used to develop ionic annulation reactions. However, radical reactions were rare. We developed a photoredox catalyzed [3 + 2]-annulation reaction of pyridinium 1,4-zwitterionic thiolates with alkenes, disclosed the new reactivity of pyridinium 1,4-zwitterionic thiolate, and provided a new synthetic method for dihydrothiophene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Run Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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21
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Guo YM, Wang H, Yang JR, Chen Q, Cao C, Chen JZ. Synthesis of 2,3-Fused Quinazolinones via the Radical Cascade Pathway and Reaction Mechanistic Studies by DFT Calculations. J Org Chem 2023; 88:10448-10459. [PMID: 37458429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c03050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
An efficient radical cascade cyclization of unactivated alkenes toward the synthesis of a series of ring-fused quinazolinones has been developed in moderate to excellent yields using commercially available ethers, alkanes, and alcohols, respectively, under a base-free condition in a short time without a transition metal as catalyst. Notably, the transformations can be carried out with the advantages of a broad substrate scope and high atomic economy. Density functional theory calculations and wavefunction analyses were performed to elucidate the radical reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Min Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin-Rong Yang
- Polytechnic Institute, Zhejiang University, 269 Shixiang Rd., Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Cao
- Polytechnic Institute, Zhejiang University, 269 Shixiang Rd., Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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22
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Qi XK, Zheng MJ, Yang C, Zhao Y, Guo L, Xia W. Metal-Free Amino(hetero)arylation and Aminosulfonylation of Alkenes Enabled by Photoinduced Energy Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:16630-16641. [PMID: 37486736 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
β-(Hetero)arylethylamines are privileged structural motifs found in many high-value organic molecules, including pharmaceuticals and natural products. To construct these important molecular skeletons, previous methods are mainly achieved by amino(hetero)arylation reaction with the aid of transition metals and preactivated substrates. Herein, we report a metal-free and photoinduced intermolecular amino(hetero)arylation reaction for the single-step installation of both (hetero)aryl and iminyl groups across alkenes in an efficient and regioselective manner. This method shows broad scope (up to 124 examples) and excellent tolerance of various olefins─from the simplest ethylene to complex multisubstituted alkenes can all participate in the reaction. Furthermore, aminosulfonylation of alkenes can be also conducted in the presence of sodium bisulfite as the SO2 source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Kuan Qi
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Meng-Jie Zheng
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yating Zhao
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Lin Guo
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
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23
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Li Y, Zhang S, Wang Y, Gao Y, Chen C, Yuan Z. Lewis Acid Promoted Vicinal Oxytrifluoromethylselenolation of Alkenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:3210-3215. [PMID: 37114993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have developed a metal-free, Lewis acid promoted vicinal oxytrifluoromethylselenolation of alkenes using trifluoromethyl selenoxides as electrophilic trifluoromethylselenolation reagents and alcohols as nucleophiles. With less steric and good nucleophilic solvents (such as ethanol and methol), Tf2O-catalyzed oxytrifluoromethylselenolation could be realized, while stoichiometric Tf2O was required to promote full transformation with less nucleophilic and steric solvents (such as isopropanol and tert-butanol). The reaction featured good substrate scope, functional group compatibility, and diastereoselectivity. This method could be further applied to oxytrifluoromethylselenolation, aminotrifluoromethylselenolation with stoichiometric nucleophiles under modified conditions. A mechanism involving a seleniranium ion was proposed based on the preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Shangbiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Zheliang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
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24
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Kostromitin VS, Levin VV, Dilman AD. Dual Photoredox/Copper Catalyzed Fluoroalkylative Alkene Difunctionalization. J Org Chem 2023; 88:6252-6262. [PMID: 37043633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
A method for performing radical difunctionalization of alkenes using fluorinated halides and a nucleophilic component (thiolate and iodide anions) is described. These nucleophilic fragments serve as redox active groups for performing subsequent transformations. The difunctionalization reaction involves photoredox generation of fluorinated radicals, their addition to the double bond followed by copper-promoted C-S or C-I bond formation. The primary products can be further coupled with silyl enol ethers, α-(trifluoromethyl)styrenes, and trimethylsilyl cyanide affording a variety of fluorinated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav S Kostromitin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Russian Federation
| | - Vitalij V Levin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander D Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
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25
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Ma X, Zhang Q, Zhang W. Remote Radical 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,5-, 1,6- and 1,7-Difunctionalization Reactions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073027. [PMID: 37049790 PMCID: PMC10095731 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radical transformations are powerful in organic synthesis for the construction of molecular scaffolds and introduction of functional groups. In radical difunctionalization reactions, the radicals in the first functionalized intermediates can be relocated through resonance, hydrogen atom or group transfer, and ring opening. The resulting radical intermediates can undertake the following paths for the second functionalization: (1) couple with other radical groups, (2) oxidize to cations and then react with nucleophiles, (3) reduce to anions and then react with electrophiles, (4) couple with metal-complexes. The rearrangements of radicals provide the opportunity for the synthesis of 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,5-, 1,6-, and 1,7-difunctionalization products. Multiple ways to initiate the radical reaction coupling with intermediate radical rearrangements make the radical reactions good for difunctionalization at the remote positions. These reactions offer the advantages of synthetic efficiency, operation simplicity, and product diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China;
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 99 Xuefu Road, Suzhou 215009, China;
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Green Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-287-6147
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26
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Wang L, Yu Y, Deng L, Du K. Photochemical and Atom-Economical Sulfonylimination of Alkenes with Bifunctional N-Sulfonyl Ketimine. Org Lett 2023; 25:2349-2354. [PMID: 36972414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
An organo-photocatalytic sulfonylimination of alkenes was developed by employing readily available N-sulfonyl ketimines as bifunctional reagents. This transformation, featuring prominent functional group tolerance, provides a direct and atom-economic approach for the synthesis of valuable β-amino sulfone derivatives as a single regioisomer. In addition to terminal alkenes, internal alkenes participate in this reaction with high diastereoselectivity. N-Sulfonyl ketimines with aryl or alkyl substituents were found to be compatible with this reaction condition. This method could be applied in the late-stage modifications of drugs. Additionally, a formal insertion of alkene into cyclic sulfonyl imine was observed, affording a ring expansion product.
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27
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Bao Y, Tang M, Wang Q, Cao ZY, Wang Y, Yuan Z. Visible-Light-Induced Monofluoroalkenylation and gem-Difluoroallylation of Inactivated C(sp 3)-H Bonds via 1,5-Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT). J Org Chem 2023; 88:3883-3896. [PMID: 36880346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The direct monofluoroalkenylation of C(sp3)-H bonds is of great importance and quite challenging. Current methods have been restricted to the monofluoroalkenylation of activated C(sp3)-H bonds. Here, we reported the photocatalyzed C(sp3)-H monofluoroalkenylation of inactivated C(sp3)-H bonds with gem-difluoroalkenes via 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer. This process shows good functional group tolerance, such as halides (F, Cl), nitrile, sulfone, ester, and pyridine, and good γ-selectivity. Moreover, this method succeeds in the photocatalyzed gem-difluoroallylation of inactivated C(sp3)-H with α-trifluoromethyl alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Bao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Meifang Tang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Yan Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Zheliang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
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28
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Luo XL, Li SS, Jiang YS, Liu F, Li SH, Xia PJ. Photocatalytic 1,2-Iminosulfonylation and Remote 1,6-Iminosulfonylation of Olefins. Org Lett 2023; 25:1742-1747. [PMID: 36883883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
A new class of iminosulfonylation reagents were developed and extensively used in the 1,2-iminosulfonylation of various olefins. Olefins containing bioactive molecules, such as indomethacin, gemfibrozil, clofibrate, and fenbufen, afforded the desired iminosulfonylation products in synthetically useful yields. Furthermore, the first remote 1,6-iminosulfonylation of alkenes was realized by using oxime ester bifunctionalization reagents. Overall, more than 40 structurally diverse β-imine sulfones were obtained in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling Luo
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Shi Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Fu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Ju Xia
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
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29
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Li SS, Jiang YS, Luo XL, Pan CX, Xia PJ. Photoinduced Remote C(sp 3)-H Imination Enabled by Vinyl Radical-Mediated 1,5-Hydrogen Atom Transfer. Org Lett 2023; 25:1595-1599. [PMID: 36826423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
A vinyl radical-mediated 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer strategy for remote C(sp3)-H imination under visible-light-induced photochemical metal-free conditions afforded diverse γ-imino alkenes with excellent stereoselectivity. Oxime ester-based bifunctional reagents provided not only nucleophilic alkyl radicals for radical addition reactions with electron-deficient alkynes but also long-lived steady-state imine radicals for trapping alkyl radicals following the intramolecular 1,5-hydrogen migration of unstable olefin radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Shi Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ling Luo
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Xue Pan
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Ju Xia
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
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30
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Shen J, Li L, Xu J, Shen C, Zhang P. Recent advances in the application of Langlois' reagent in olefin difunctionalization. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2046-2058. [PMID: 36448510 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01875f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarise the recent applications of Langlois' reagent in the radical-mediated difunctionalization of alkenes. Among the various trifluoromethylation reagents, Langlois' reagent is an exceptional compound, and many important organic transformations have been realized by employing such reagents. Various organic transformations of Langlois' reagent, especially in radical chemistry, have been developed in recent years. This review describes several key activation methods for Langlois' reagent in the difunctionalization of alkenes by showcasing selected cornerstone research areas and related mechanisms to stimulate the interest of readers in promoting the wider development and application of Langlois' reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China. .,College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Xu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Wei HZ, Shi M, Wei Y. Visible-light-induced reactions of methylenecyclopropanes (MCPs). Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2726-2738. [PMID: 36752186 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06957a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Diverse, visible-light-induced transformations of methylenecyclopropanes (MCPs) have been reported in recent years, attracting significant attention from synthetic chemists. As readily accessible strained molecules, MCPs have sufficient reactivity to selectively generate different target products, through reactions with various radical species upon visible-light irradiation under regulated reaction conditions. These transformations can be classified into three subcategories of reaction pathway, forming ring-opened products, cyclopropane derivatives, and alkynes. These products include pharmaceutical intermediates and polycyclic/heterocyclic compounds that are challenging to obtain using traditional methods. This review summarizes the recent advancements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Zhao Wei
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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32
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Bhavani GV, Kondapuram SK, Shamsudeen AF, Coumar MS, Selvin J, Kannan T. Synthesis, antitubercular evaluation, and molecular docking studies of hybrid pyridinium salts derived from isoniazid. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:470-483. [PMID: 36744647 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the quest to develop potent inhibitors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, novel isoniazid-based pyridinium salts were designed, synthesized, and tested for their antimycobacterial activities against the H37 Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using rifampicin as a standard. The pyridinium salts 4k, 4l, and 7d showed exceptional antimycobacterial activities with MIC90 at 1 µg/mL. The in vitro cytotoxicity and pharmacokinetics profiles of these compounds were established for the identification of a lead molecule using in vivo efficacy proof-of-concept studies and found that the lead compound 4k possesses LC50 value at 25 µg/mL. The in vitro antimycobacterial activity results were further supported by in silico studies with good binding affinities ranging from -9.8 to -11.6 kcal/mol for 4k, 4l, and 7d with the target oxidoreductase DprE1 enzyme. These results demonstrate that pyridinium salts derived from isoniazid can be a potentially promising pharmacophore for the development of novel antitubercular candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joseph Selvin
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, India
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33
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Pan C, Yang Z, Wu X, Yu JT, Zhu C. Substituent-Controlled Regioselective Photoinduced Cyclization of N-Allylbenzamides with N-Sulfonylaminopyridinium Salts. Org Lett 2023; 25:494-499. [PMID: 36634986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The annulation reactions of N-allylbenzamides with N-sulfonylaminopyridinium salts were developed under metal-free photoinduced mild conditions. Substituent-controlled sulfonaminoarylation and sulfonaminooxylation of benzamides were realized: N-allylbenzamides lead to benzosultams, while N-(2-phenylallyl)benzamides give sulfonamidylated oxazoline derivatives. Control experiments indicated that those reactions undergo a radical pathway with arylsulfonamidyl radicals as the intermediates. The aryl C-H bond functionalization in arylsulfonamidyl was involved for the first time to give benzosultams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changduo Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, P. R. China.,School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zixian Yang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Xian Wu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Tao Yu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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34
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Zhang J, Wang T, Qian J, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Ultrasound-promoted three-component halogenation-azaheteroarylation of alkenes involving carbon-halogen and carbon-carbon bond formation. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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35
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Kim M, Koo Y, Hong S. N-Functionalized Pyridinium Salts: A New Chapter for Site-Selective Pyridine C-H Functionalization via Radical-Based Processes under Visible Light Irradiation. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:3043-3056. [PMID: 36166489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The radical-mediated C-H functionalization of pyridines has attracted considerable attention as a powerful tool in synthetic chemistry for the direct functionalization of the C-H bonds of the pyridine scaffold. Classically, the synthetic methods for functionalized pyridines often involve radical-mediated Minisci-type reactions under strongly acidic conditions. However, the site-selective functionalization of pyridines in unbiased systems has been a long-standing challenge because the pyridine scaffold contains multiple competing reaction sites (C2 vs C4) to intercept free radicals. Therefore, prefunctionalization of the pyridine is required to avoid issues observed with the formation of a mixture of regioisomers and overalkylated side products.Recently, N-functionalized pyridinium salts have been attracting considerable attention in organic chemistry as promising radical precursors and pyridine surrogates. The notable advantage of N-functionalized pyridinium salts lies in their ability to enhance the reactivity and selectivity for synthetically useful reactions under acid-free conditions. This approach enables exquisite regiocontrol for nonclassical Minisci-type reactions at the C2 and C4 positions under mild reaction conditions, which are suitable for the late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules with greater complexity and diversity. Over the past five years, a variety of fascinating synthetic applications have been developed using various types of pyridinium salts under visible light conditions. In addition, a new platform for alkene difunctionalization using appropriately designed N-substituted pyridinium salts as bifunctional reagents has been reported, offering an innovative assembly process for complex organic architectures. Intriguingly, strategies involving light-absorbing electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes between pyridinium salts and suitable electron-rich donors further open up new reactivity under photocatalyst-free conditions. Furthermore, we developed enantioselective reactions using pyridinium salts to afford enantioenriched molecules bearing pyridines through single-electron N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis.Herein, we provide a broad overview of our recent contributions to the development of N-functionalized pyridinium salts and summarize the cornerstones of organic reactions that successfully employ these pyridinium salts under visible light conditions. The major advances in the field are systematically categorized on the basis of the pyridines' N-substituent, N-X (X = O, N, C, and SO2CF3), and its reactivity patterns. Furthermore, the identification of new activation modes and their mechanistic aspects are discussed by providing representative contributions to each paradigm. We hope that this Account will inspire broad interest in the continued innovation of N-functionalized pyridinium salts in the exploration of new transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myojeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yejin Koo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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36
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Zheng Y, Wang Z, Ye Z, Tang K, Xie Z, Xiao J, Xiang H, Chen K, Chen X, Yang H. Regioselective Access to Vicinal Diamines by Metal‐Free Photosensitized Amidylimination of Alkenes with Oxime Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212292. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Zhu‐Jun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Peng Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Kai Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Zhen‐Zhen Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Jun‐An Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics Nanning Normal University Nanning 530001 Guangxi P. R. China
| | - Hao‐Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 Henan P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Qing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
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37
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Wu YL, Jiang M, Rao L, Cheng Y, Xiao WJ, Chen JR. Selective Three-Component 1,2-Aminoalkoxylation of 1-Aryl-1,3-dienes by Dual Photoredox and Copper Catalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:7470-7475. [PMID: 36173401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A three-component 1,2-aminooxygenation reaction of 1,3-dienes by dual photoredox and copper catalysis is described. This protocol uses N-aminopyridinium salts as N-centered radical precursors and nucleophilic alcohols as oxygen sources, providing modular and practical access to 1,2-aminoalkoxylation products with good yields and regioselectivity. Preliminary mechanistic studies support the radical property of the reaction and the involvement of N-centered radical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Wu
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Min Jiang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China
| | - Li Rao
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ying Cheng
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
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38
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Yu W, Zhang X, Liu C, Zhang Y, Gu X, Liao J, Zhang Z, Wei W, Li G, Liang T. Intermolecular C-H Aminocyanation of Indoles via Copper-iodine Cocatalyzed Tandem C-N/C-C Bond Formation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12424-12433. [PMID: 36046980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An efficient copper-iodine cocatalyzed intermolecular C-H aminocyanation of indoles with a broad substrate scope has been developed for the first time. This method enables highly step-economic access to 2-amino-3-cyanoindoles in moderate to good yields and provides a complementary strategy for the regioselective difunctionalization of carbon═carbon double bonds of interest in organic synthesis and related areas. Mechanistic studies suggest that these transformations are initiated by iodine-mediated C2-H amination with azoles, followed by copper-catalyzed C3-H cyanation with ethyl cyanoformate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Chenrui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Zhuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Wanxing Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Guanghua Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Taoyuan Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
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39
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Zheng Y, Wang ZJ, Ye ZP, Tang K, Xie ZZ, Xiao JA, Xiang HY, Chen K, Chen XQ, Yang H. Regioselective Access to Vicinal Diamines by Metal‐Free Photosensitized Amidylimination of Alkenes with Oxime Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202212292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Central South University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhu-Jun Wang
- Central South University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhi-Peng Ye
- Central South University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Kai Tang
- Central South University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhen-Zhen Xie
- Central South University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jun-An Xiao
- Nanning Normal University Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics CHINA
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- Central South University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Kai Chen
- Central South University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- Central South University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Hua Yang
- Central South University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering chang sha citylushan south road NO:932 410083 chang sha CHINA
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40
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Wang YZ, Liang PY, Liu HC, Lin WJ, Zhou PP, Yu W. Visible-Light-Driven [3 + 2]/[4 + 2] Annulation Reactions of Alkenes with N-Aminopyridinium Salts. Org Lett 2022; 24:6037-6042. [PMID: 35930310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The annulation reactions of benzoamidyl radicals with alkenes were realized under visible light irradiation with fac-Ir(ppy)3 as catalyst and N-aminopyridinium salts as benzoamidyl radical precursors. The reaction can deliver two distinct types of products: in the case of vinyl arenes, [3 + 2] annulation product dihydrooxazoles were yielded exclusively; when alkyl-substituted alkenes were used, on the other hand, it afforded [4 + 2] annulation product dihydroisoquinolinones. Factors determining the reaction consequence were elucidated by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peng-Yu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hong-Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wu-Jie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Pan-Pan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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41
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Lei Z, Wei S, Zhou L, Zhang Z, Lopez SE, Dolbier WR. Photocatalytic difluoromethylarylation of unactivated alkenes via a (hetero)aryl neophyl-like radical migration. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5712-5715. [PMID: 35838250 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00813k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photoredox-catalyzed addition of the difluoromethylradical to unactivated alkenes has been found to trigger neophyl-like aryl and heteroaryl migrations which allowed the construction of a diverse series of difluoromethyl ketones. The reaction featured mild reaction conditions and broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Lei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China.
| | - Siqi Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China.
| | - Liejin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China.
| | - Zuxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA.
| | - Simon E Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA.
| | - William R Dolbier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA.
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42
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A Convenient Synthesis towards 2-Bromo-2-(methoxy(phenyl)methyl)malononitrile and 2-Iodo-2-(methoxy(phenyl)methyl)malononitrile. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This short note elaborates a concise protocol for the synthesis of two novel vicinal haloethers bearing a malonontrile group, 2-bromo-2-(methoxy(phenyl)methyl)malononitrile (1) and 2-iodo-2-(methoxy(phenyl)methyl)malononitrile (2). The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H, 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The final products indicate that methanol not only acts as solvent but also participates in and dominates the reaction result.
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43
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Wang Q, Yue L, Bao Y, Wang Y, Kang D, Gao Y, Yuan Z. Oxalates as Activating Groups for Tertiary Alcohols in Photoredox-Catalyzed gem-Difluoroallylation To Construct All-Carbon Quaternary Centers. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8237-8247. [PMID: 35612278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Construction of challenging and important all-carbon quaternary centers has received growing attention. Herein, with oxalates as activating groups for tertiary alcohols, we report photoredox-catalyzed gem-difluoroallylation to construct all-carbon quaternary centers enabled by efficient tertiary radical addition to α-trifluoromethyl alkenes. This transformation shows good functional group tolerance for both α-trifluoromethyl alkenes and oxalates. Moreover, this strategy is also successfully applied to the synthesis of monofluoralkenes from the corresponding electron-rich gem-difluoroalkenes and cesium tertiary alkyl oxalates under modified conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ling Yue
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yanyang Bao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Danni Kang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Zheliang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
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44
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Yang S, Song J, Dong D, Yang H, Zhou M, Zhang H, Wang Z. Progress of N-Amino Pyridinium Salts as Nitrogen Radical Precursors in Visible Light Induced C—N Bond Formation Reactions. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202207019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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WANG W, Zou PS, PANG L, Pan C, Mo DL, SU GF. Recent Advances on the Synthesis of 2,3-Fused Quinazolinones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6293-6313. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00778a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most important structural units in pharmaceuticals and medicinal chemistry, quinazolinone and its derivatives exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antitubercular, antiviral,...
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Gao PP, Xiao WJ, Chen JR. Recent Progresses in Visible-Light-Driven Alkene Synthesis. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202208044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Cao Y, Shi Q, Gao K, Shao J, Zhu H, Zeng L, Zhang C, Xi J, Zhuang R, Zhang J. Self-[3+2] annulation reaction of pyridinium salts: synthesis of N-indolizine-substituted pyridine-2(1 H)-ones. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03232e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A self-[3+2] annulation reaction of pyridinium salts has been developed for the synthesis of N-indolizine-substituted pyridine-2(1H)-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Qiyuan Shi
- School of pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Zhejiang Ausun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, China
| | - Jiaan Shao
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Huajian Zhu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Linghui Zeng
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Jianjun Xi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Rangxiao Zhuang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Jiankang Zhang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China
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