1
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Wu Y, Wang A, Feng G, Pan X, Shuai W, Yang P, Zhang J, Ouyang L, Luo Y, Wang G. Autophagy modulation in cancer therapy: Challenges coexist with opportunities. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116688. [PMID: 39033611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy, a crucial intracellular degradation process facilitated by lysosomes, plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. The elucidation of autophagy key genes and signaling pathways has significantly advanced our understanding of this process and has led to the exploration of autophagy as a promising therapeutic approach. This review comprehensively assesses the latest developments in small molecule modulators targeting autophagy. Moreover, the review delves into the most recent strategies for drug discovery, specifically focusing on selective agents that exploit autophagosomes and lysosomes for targeted protein degradation. Additionally, this article highlights the prevailing challenges and outlines potential future advancements in the field. By amalgamating the cutting-edge knowledge in the field, we aim to offer valuable insights and references for the anti-cancer drug development of autophagy-targeted therapies, thus contributing to the advancement of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongya Wu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Aoxue Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guotai Feng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wen Shuai
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Panpan Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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2
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Yin K, Zhang Z, Mo Y, Wu H, Cao Z, Xue Y, Wang M, Guo W, Feng L, Zhao C, Gu X. Discovery of autophagy-tethering compounds as potent NLRP3 degraders for IBD Immunotherapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116581. [PMID: 38870831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) constitutes an essential inflammasome sensor protein, pivotal in the orchestration of innate immunity. Given its paramount role, NLRP3 has recently emerged as an enticing therapeutic target for disorders associated with inflammation. In this study, we embarked on the design and synthesis of two series of compounds, endowed with the capacity to induce NLRP3 degradation via autophagy-tethering compounds (ATTECs)-an innovative targeted protein degradation technology. Notably, MC-ND-18 emerged as the most potent agent for effectuating NLRP3 degradation through autophagic mechanisms and concurrently exhibited marked anti-inflammatory efficacy in mice model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Consequently, we have successfully developed a pioneering NLRP3 protein degrader, offering a novel therapeutic avenue for ameliorating NLRP3-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yin
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospitol, Fudan University, Shanghai 201301, China
| | - Ziwen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospitol, Fudan University, Shanghai 201301, China
| | - Yanqing Mo
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospitol, Fudan University, Shanghai 201301, China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospitol, Fudan University, Shanghai 201301, China
| | - Zhonglian Cao
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201301, China
| | - Yongxing Xue
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospitol, Fudan University, Shanghai 201301, China
| | - Mingrunlin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201301, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201301, China.
| | - Li Feng
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospitol, Fudan University, Shanghai 201301, China.
| | - Chunchang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xianfeng Gu
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospitol, Fudan University, Shanghai 201301, China.
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3
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Chen S, Wang W, Chen Z, Li R, Wu Z, Dong G, Sheng C. Peptide-Mediated Small Molecule Lysosome-Targeting Chimeras for Targeted Degradation of Membrane and Intracellular Proteins. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39146536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation through the lysosomal pathway has attracted increasing attention and expanded the scope of degradable proteins. However, the endogenous lysosomal degradation strategies are mainly based on antibodies or nanobodies. Effective small molecule lysosomal degraders are still rather rare. Herein, a new lysosomal degradation approach, termed peptide-mediated small molecule lysosome-targeting chimeras (PSMLTACs), was developed by the incorporation of small molecule ligands with a lysosome-sorting NPGY motif containing the cell-penetrating peptide. PSMLTACs were successfully applied to degrade both membrane and intracellular targets. In particular, the PSMLTAC strategy demonstrated higher degradation efficiency on membrane target PD-L1 and intracellular target PDEδ than corresponding PROTAC degraders. Taken together, this proof-of-concept provides a convenient and effective strategy for targeted protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiang Chen
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Chen
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Ruyan Li
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Wu
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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4
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Zhang J, Pan X, Ji W, Zhou J. Autophagy mediated targeting degradation, a promising strategy in drug development. Bioorg Chem 2024; 149:107466. [PMID: 38843684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) technologies have become promising therapeutic approaches through degrading disease-causing proteins via the protein degradation system. Autophagy is a fundamental biological process with a high relationship to protein degradation, which belongs to one of two main protein degradation pathways, the autophagy-lysosomal system. Recently, various autophagy-based TPD techniques ATTECs, AUTACs, and AUTOTACs, etc, have also been gradually developed, and they have achieved efficient degradation potency for the targeted protein, expanding the potential of degradation for large-size proteins or protein aggregates. Herein, we introduce the machinery of autophagy and its relation to protein degradation, and multiple methods for using autophagy to specifically degrade target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Xiangyi Pan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Wenshu Ji
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Jinming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
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5
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Reboud-Ravaux M. [Protein induced proximity and targeted degradations by new degraders: concepts, developments, challenges for clinical applications]. Biol Aujourdhui 2024; 218:41-54. [PMID: 39007776 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2024007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The review is focused on recent drug discovery advances based on targeted protein degradation strategies. This new area of research has exploded leading to the development of potential drugs useful in a large variety of human diseases. They first target disease relevant proteins difficult to counteract with other classical strategies and extend now to aggregates, organelles, nucleic acids or lipidic droplets. These degraders engaged either the ubiquitin-proteasome system for PROTACs and molecular glues (first generation), or the lysosomal system via endosome-lysosome degradation (LYTACs) and autophagy-lysosome degradation (ATTEC, AUTAC, AUTOTAC) (following generations of degraders). PROTACs have expanded from the orthodox heterobifunctional ones to new derivatives such as homo-PROTACs, pro-PROTACs, CLIPTACs, HaloPROTACs, PHOTOTACs, Bac-PROTACs, AbTACs, ARN-PROTACs. The small molecular-weight molecular glues induce the formation of new ternary complexes which implicate the targeted protein and an ubiquitin ligase E3 allowing the protein ubiquinitation followed by its proteasomal degradation. Lysosomal degraders (LYTAC, ATTEC, AUTAC, AUTOTAC) specifically recognize extracellular and membrane proteins or dysfunctional organelles and transport them into lysosomes where they are degraded. They overcome the limitations observed with proteasomal degradations induced by PROTAC and molecular glues and demonstrate their potential to treat human diseases, especially neurodegenerative ones. Pharmaceutical companies are engaged at the world level to develop these new potential drugs targeting cancers, immuno-inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases as well as a variety of other ones. Efficiency and risks for these novel therapeutic strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Reboud-Ravaux
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, 7 quai Saint-Bernard, 75252 Paris, France
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Fang Y, Zhang Y, Bi S, Peng B, Wang C, Ju H, Liu Y. Securing LYTAC with Logic-Identification System for Cancer Cell-Selective Membrane Protein Degradation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310039. [PMID: 38431928 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Lysosome-targeting chimera (LYTAC) links proteins of interest (POIs) with lysosome-targeting receptors (LTRs) to achieve membrane protein degradation, which is becoming a promising therapeutic modality. However, cancer cell-selective membrane protein degradation remains a big challenge considering expressions of POIs in both cancer cells and normal cells, as well as broad tissue distribution of LTRs. Here a logic-identification system is designed, termed Logic-TAC, based on cell membrane-guided DNA calculations to secure LYTAC selectively for cancer cells. Logic-TAC is designed as a duplex DNA structure, with both POI and LTR recognition regions sealed to avoid systematic toxicity during administration. MCF-7 and MCF-10A are chosen as sample cancer cell and normal cell respectively. As input 1 for logic-identification, membrane proteins EpCAM, which is highly expressed by MCF-7 but barely by MCF-10A, reacts with Logic-TAC to expose POI recognition region. As input 2 for logic-identification, Logic-TAC binds to POI, membrane protein MUC1, to expose LTR recognition region. As output, MUC1 is connected to LTR and degraded via lysosome pathway selectively for cancer cell MCF-7 with little side effect on normal cell MCF-10A. The logic-identification system also demonstrated satisfactory in vivo therapeutic results, indicating its promising potential in precise targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shiyi Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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7
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Li Z, Wang Z, Zhong C, Zhang H, Liu R, An P, Ma Z, Lu J, Pan C, Zhang Z, Cao Z, Hu J, Xing D, Fei Y, Ding Y, Lu B. P53 upregulation by USP7-engaging molecular glues. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:1936-1953. [PMID: 38734583 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Molecular glues are typically small chemical molecules that act at the interface between a target protein and degradation machinery to trigger ternary complex formation. Identifying molecular glues is challenging. There is a scarcity of target-specific upregulating molecular glues, which are highly anticipated for numerous targets, including P53. P53 is degraded in proteasomes through polyubiquitination by specific E3 ligases, whereas deubiquitinases (DUBs) remove polyubiquitination conjugates to counteract these E3 ligases. Thus, small-molecular glues that enhance P53 anchoring to DUBs may stabilize P53 through deubiquitination. Here, using small-molecule microarray-based technology and unbiased screening, we identified three potential molecular glues that may tether P53 to the DUB, USP7, and elevate the P53 level. Among the molecular glues, bromocriptine (BC) is an FDA-approved drug with the most robust effects. BC was further verified to increase P53 stability via the predicted molecular glue mechanism engaging USP7. Consistent with P53 upregulation in cancer cells, BC was shown to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells in vitro and suppress tumor growth in a xenograft model. In summary, we established a potential screening platform and identified potential molecular glues upregulating P53. Similar strategies could be applied to the identification of other types of molecular glues that may benefit drug discovery and chemical biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, the Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Ziying Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, the Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, the Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Rui Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, the Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ping An
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, the Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, the Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Junmei Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, the Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chengfang Pan
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, the Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhaolin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, the Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhiyuan Cao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, the Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jianyi Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, the Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Dong Xing
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yiyan Fei
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Yu Ding
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, the Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Boxun Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, the Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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8
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Stevens R, Thompson JDF, Fournier JCL, Burley GA, Battersby DJ, Miah AH. Innovative, combinatorial and high-throughput approaches to degrader synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4838-4861. [PMID: 38596888 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs01127e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Targeted protein degraders such as PROTACs and molecular glues are a rapidly emerging therapeutic modality within industry and academia. Degraders possess unique mechanisms of action that lead to the removal of specific proteins by co-opting the cell's natural degradation mechanisms via induced proximity. Their optimisation thus far has often been largely empirical, requiring the synthesis and screening of a large number of analogues. In addition, the synthesis and development of degraders is often challenging, leading to lengthy optimisation campaigns to deliver candidate-quality compounds. This review highlights how the synthesis of degraders has evolved in recent years, in particular focusing on means of applying high-throughput chemistry and screening approaches to expedite these timelines, which we anticipate to be valuable in shaping the future of degrader optimisation campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Stevens
- Medicinal Chemistry, GSK, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK.
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, UK
| | | | | | - Glenn A Burley
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, UK
| | | | - Afjal H Miah
- Medicinal Chemistry, GSK, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK.
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Haridas V, Dutta S, Munjal A, Singh S. Inhibitors to degraders: Changing paradigm in drug discovery. iScience 2024; 27:109574. [PMID: 38646175 PMCID: PMC11031827 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The chemical understanding of biological processes provides not only a deeper insight but also a solution to abnormal biological functioning. Protein degradation, a natural biological process for debris removal in the cell, has been studied for years. The recent finding that natural degradation pathways can be utilized for therapeutic purposes is a paradigm shift in the drug discovery approach. Methods such as Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC), lysosomal targeting chimera, hydrophobic tagging, AUtophagy TArgeting Chimera, AUTOphagy TArgeting Chimera and several other variants of these methods have made a considerable impact on the way of drug design. Few selected examples testify that a huge wave of change is on the way. The drug design based on the targeted protein degradation is a powerful tool in our arsenal. More molecules will be invented that will uncover the hidden secrets of biological functioning and provide enduring solutions to several unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Haridas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678623, India
| | - Souvik Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Akshay Munjal
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shailja Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, New Delhi 110067, India
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10
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Sun Y, Wang H, Li Y, Li Z, Mao Z, Zhang M, Shao Y, Ye J, Li D, Shan L. The design, synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of novel androgen receptor degraders based on hydrophobic tagging. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107309. [PMID: 38537338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Prostate Cancer (PCa) easily progress to metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) that remains a significant cause of cancer-related death. Androgen receptor (AR)-dependent transcription is a major driver of prostate tumor cell proliferation. Proteolysis-targeting chimaera (PROTAC) technology based on Hydrophobic Tagging (HyT) represents an intriguing strategy to regulate the function of therapeutically androgen receptor proteins. In the present study, we have designed, synthesized, and evaluated a series of PROTAC-HyT AR degraders using AR antagonists, RU59063, which were connected with adamantane-based hydrophobic moieties by different alkyl chains. Compound D-4-6 exhibited significant AR protein degradation activity, with a degradation rate of 57 % at 5 μM and nearly 90 % at 20 μM in 24 h, and inhibited the proliferation of LNCaP cells significantly with an IC50 value of 4.77 ± 0.26 μM in a time-concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, the present study lays the foundation for the development of a completely new class of therapeutic agents for the treatment of mCRPC, and further design and synthesis of AR-targeting degraders are currently in progress for better degradation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Huating Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yaru Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhihui Mao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yixian Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiaqi Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lihong Shan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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11
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Zhu Z, Li J, Shen S, Al-Furas H, Li S, Tong Y, Li Y, Zeng Y, Feng Q, Chen K, Ma N, Zhou F, Zhang Z, Li Z, Pang J, Ding K, Xu F. Targeting EGFR degradation by autophagosome degraders. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 270:116345. [PMID: 38564826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Several generations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in clinic. However, emerging drug resistance mediated by new EGFR mutations or activations by pass, leads to malignant progression of NSCLC. Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have been utilized to overcome the drug resistance acquired by mutant EGFR, newly potent and selective degraders are still need to be developed for clinical applications. Herein, we developed autophagosome-tethering compounds (ATTECs) in which EGFR can be anchored to microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain-3B (LC3B) on the autophagosome with the assistance of the LC3 ligand GW5074. A series of EGFR-ATTECs have been designed and synthesized. Biological evaluations showed that these compounds could degrade EGFR and exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on certain NSCLC cell lines. The ATTEC 12c potently induced the degradation of EGFR with a DC50 value of 0.98 μM and a Dmax value of 81% in HCC827 cells. Mechanistic exploration revealed that the lysosomal pathway was mainly involved in this degradation. Compound 12c also exhibited promising inhibitory activity, as well as degradation efficiency in vivo. Our study highlights that EGFR-ATTECs could be developed as a new expandable EGFR degradation tool and also reveals a novel potential therapeutic strategy to prevent drug resistance acquired EGFR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhongFeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MoE) of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MoE) of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shujun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MoE) of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hawaa Al-Furas
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MoE) of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shengrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MoE) of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yichen Tong
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MoE) of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yucheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MoE) of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qianyi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MoE) of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Kaiyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MoE) of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Nan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MoE) of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Fengtao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MoE) of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Zhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MoE) of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhengqiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MoE) of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jiyan Pang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Ke Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MoE) of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Fang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MoE) of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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12
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Huang Y, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Xie M, Wang F, Qin J, Ye H, Zhang H, Zhang C, Hong J. A Nucleic Acid-Based LYTAC Plus Platform to Simultaneously Mediate Disease-Driven Protein Downregulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306248. [PMID: 38251411 PMCID: PMC10987141 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Protein degradation techniques, such as proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and lysosome-targeting chimeras (LYTACs), have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of diseases. However, the efficacy of current protein degradation methods still needs to be improved to address the complex mechanisms underlying diseases. Herein, a LYTAC Plus hydrogel engineered is proposed by nucleic acid self-assembly, which integrates a gene silencing motif into a LYTAC construct to enhance its therapeutic potential. As a proof-of-concept study, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-binding peptides and mannose-6 phosphate (M6P) moieties into a self-assembled nucleic acid hydrogel are introduced, enabling its LYTAC capability. Small interference RNAs (siRNAs) is then employed that target the angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2) gene as cross-linkers for hydrogel formation, giving the final LYTAC Plus hydrogel gene silencing ability. With dual functionalities, the LYTAC Plus hydrogel demonstrated effectiveness in simultaneously reducing the levels of VEGFR-2 and ANG-2 both in vitro and in vivo, as well as in improving therapeutic outcomes in treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration in a mouse model. As a general material platform, the LYTAC Plus hydrogel may possess great potential for the treatment of various diseases and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesShanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral DrugsShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Xujiao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision ScienceShanghai Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200030P. R. China
| | - Yirou Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision ScienceShanghai Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200030P. R. China
| | - Miao Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesShanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral DrugsShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Fujun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesShanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral DrugsShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Jingcan Qin
- Department of RadiologyChanghai HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Han Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision ScienceShanghai Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200030P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision ScienceShanghai Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200030P. R. China
- Department of Ophthalmologythe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang550025P. R. China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesShanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral DrugsShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Jiaxu Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision ScienceShanghai Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200030P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Synthetic ImmunologyShanghai200032China
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13
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Nalawansha DA, Mangano K, den Besten W, Potts PR. TAC-tics for Leveraging Proximity Biology in Drug Discovery. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300712. [PMID: 38015747 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Chemically induced proximity (CIP) refers to co-opting naturally occurring biological pathways using synthetic molecules to recruit neosubstrates that are not normally encountered or to enhance the affinity of naturally occurring interactions. Leveraging proximity biology through CIPs has become a rapidly evolving field and has garnered considerable interest in basic research and drug discovery. PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera (PROTAC) is a well-established CIP modality that induces the proximity between a target protein and an E3 ubiquitin ligase, causing target protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Inspired by PROTACs, several other induced proximity modalities have emerged to modulate both proteins and RNA over recent years. In this review, we summarize the critical advances and opportunities in the field, focusing on protein degraders, RNA degraders and non-degrader modalities such as post-translational modification (PTM) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) modulators. We envision that these emerging proximity-based drug modalities will be valuable resources for both biological research and therapeutic discovery in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle Mangano
- Induced Proximity Platform, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Willem den Besten
- Induced Proximity Platform, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Patrick Ryan Potts
- Induced Proximity Platform, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
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14
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Liao X, Qin G, Liu Z, Ren J, Qu X. Bioorthogonal Aptamer-ATTEC Conjugates for Degradation of Alpha-Synuclein via Autophagy-Lysosomal Pathway. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306760. [PMID: 37821404 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Autophagosome-tethering compound (ATTEC) technology has recently been emerging as a novel approach for degrading proteins of interest (POIs). However, it still faces great challenges in how to design target-specific ATTEC molecules. Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that can recognize their target proteins with high specificity and affinity. Here, ATTEC is combined with aptamers for POIs degradation. As a proof of concept, pathological protein α-synuclein (α-syn) is chosen as the target and an efficient α-syn degrader is generated. Aptamer as a targeting warhead of α-syn is conjugated with LC3B-binding compound 5,7-dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (DP) via bioorthogonal click reaction. It is demonstrated that the aptamer conjugated with DP is capable of clearing α-syn through LC3 and autophagic degradation. These results indicate that aptamer-based ATTECs are a versatile approach to degrade POIs by taking advantage of the well-defined different aptamers for targeting diverse proteins, which provides a new way for the design of ATTECs to degradation of targeted proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liao
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Geng Qin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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15
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Yang N, Kong B, Zhu Z, Huang F, Zhang L, Lu T, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Jiang Y. Recent advances in targeted protein degraders as potential therapeutic agents. Mol Divers 2024; 28:309-333. [PMID: 36790583 PMCID: PMC9930057 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10606-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) technology has gradually become widespread in the past 20 years, which greatly boosts the development of disease treatment. Contrary to small inhibitors that act on protein kinases, transcription factors, ion channels, and other targets they can bind to, targeted protein degraders could target "undruggable targets" and overcome drug resistance through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) and lysosome pathway. Nowadays, some bivalent degraders such as proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have aroused great interest in drug discovery, and some of them have successfully advanced into clinical trials. In this review, to better understand the mechanism of degraders, we elucidate the targeted protein degraders according to their action process, relying on the ubiquitin-proteasome system or lysosome pathway. Then, we briefly summarize the study of PROTACs employing different E3 ligases. Subsequently, the effect of protein of interest (POI) ligands, linker, and E3 ligands on PROTAC degradation activity is also discussed in detail. Other novel technologies based on UPP and lysosome pathway have been discussed in this paper such as in-cell click-formed proteolysis-targeting chimeras (CLIPTACs), molecular glues, Antibody-PROTACs (Ab-PROTACs), autophagy-targeting chimeras, and lysosome-targeting chimeras. Based on the introduction of these degradation technologies, we can clearly understand the action process and degradation mechanism of these approaches. From this perspective, it will be convenient to obtain the development status of these drugs, choose appropriate degradation methods to achieve better disease treatment and provide basis for future research and simultaneously distinguish the direction of future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Kong
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohong Zhu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Liliang Zhang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Lu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Chen
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yulei Jiang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Liu X, Cheng Y, Mu Y, Zhang Z, Tian D, Liu Y, Hu X, Wen T. Diverse drug delivery systems for the enhancement of cancer immunotherapy: an overview. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1328145. [PMID: 38298192 PMCID: PMC10828056 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1328145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the clear benefits demonstrated by immunotherapy, there is still an inevitable off-target effect resulting in serious adverse immune reactions. In recent years, the research and development of Drug Delivery System (DDS) has received increased prominence. In decades of development, DDS has demonstrated the ability to deliver drugs in a precisely targeted manner to mitigate side effects and has the advantages of flexible control of drug release, improved pharmacokinetics, and drug distribution. Therefore, we consider that combining cancer immunotherapy with DDS can enhance the anti-tumor ability. In this paper, we provide an overview of the latest drug delivery strategies in cancer immunotherapy and briefly introduce the characteristics of DDS based on nano-carriers (liposomes, polymer nano-micelles, mesoporous silica, extracellular vesicles, etc.) and coupling technology (ADCs, PDCs and targeted protein degradation). Our aim is to show readers a variety of drug delivery platforms under different immune mechanisms, and analyze their advantages and limitations, to provide more superior and accurate targeting strategies for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Disease of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Disease of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yao Mu
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Disease of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | | | - Dan Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Clinical Cancer Treatment and Research Center of Shenyang, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuejun Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Disease of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ti Wen
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Clinical Cancer Treatment and Research Center of Shenyang, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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17
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Wang S, He F, Tian C, Sun A. From PROTAC to TPD: Advances and Opportunities in Targeted Protein Degradation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:100. [PMID: 38256933 PMCID: PMC10818447 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
PROTAC is a rapidly developing engineering technology for targeted protein degradation using the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which has promising applications for inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and malignant tumors. This paper gives a brief overview of the development and design principles of PROTAC, with a special focus on PROTAC-based explorations in recent years aimed at achieving controlled protein degradation and improving the bioavailability of PROTAC, as well as TPD technologies that use other pathways such as autophagy and lysosomes to achieve targeted protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China; (S.W.); (F.H.)
| | - Fuchu He
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China; (S.W.); (F.H.)
- Research Unit of Proteomics Dirven Cancer Precision Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chunyan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China; (S.W.); (F.H.)
| | - Aihua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China; (S.W.); (F.H.)
- Research Unit of Proteomics Dirven Cancer Precision Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
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18
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Bao J, Chen Z, Li Y, Chen L, Wang W, Sheng C, Dong G. Discovery of Novel PDEδ Autophagic Degraders: A Case Study of Autophagy-Tethering Compound (ATTEC). ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:29-35. [PMID: 38229750 PMCID: PMC10788939 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The autophagy-tethering compound (ATTEC) technology has emerged as a promising strategy for targeted protein degradation (TPD). Here, we report the discovery of the first generation of PDEδ autophagic degraders using an ATTEC approach. The most promising compound 12c exhibited potent PDEδ binding affinity and efficiently induced PDEδ degradation in a concentration-dependent manner. Mechanistic studies confirmed that compound 12c reduced the PDEδ protein level through lysosome-mediated autophagy without affecting the PDEδ mRNA expression. Importantly, compound 12c was much more effective in suppressing the growth in KRAS mutant pancreatic cancer cells than the corresponding PDEδ inhibitor. Taken together, this study expands the application scope of the ATTEC approach and highlights the effectiveness of the PDEδ autophagic degradation strategy in antitumor drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Bao
- School
of Pharmacy, East China University of Science
and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- School
of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhenqian Chen
- School
of Pharmacy, East China University of Science
and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- School
of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu Li
- School
of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Long Chen
- School
of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School
of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- School
of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- School
of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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19
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Tan S, Wang D, Fu Y, Zheng H, Liu Y, Lu B. Targeted clearance of mitochondria by an autophagy-tethering compound (ATTEC) and its potential therapeutic effects. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:3013-3026. [PMID: 37940449 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Increased mitochondrial damage plays a critical role in many neurodegeneration-related diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Down syndrome (DS). Thus, enhancement of mitochondrial degradation by small molecule compounds may provide promising new strategies to tackle these diseases. Here, we explored the strategy to induce clearance of mitochondria by targeting them to the autophagy machinery by autophagy-tethering compounds (ATTECs). We provided the proof-of-concept evidence demonstrating that the bifunctional compound (mT1) binding to both the outer mitochondrial membrane protein TSPO and the autophagosome protein LC3B simultaneously may enhance the engulfment of damaged mitochondria by autophagosomes and subsequent autophagic degradation of them. In addition, preliminary experiments suggest that mT1 attenuated disease-relevant phenotypes in both a PD cellular model and a DS organoid model. Taken together, we demonstrate the possibility of degrading mitochondria by bifunctional ATTECs, which confirms the capability of degrading organelles by ATTECs and provides potential new strategies in the intervention of mitochondria-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuixia Tan
- Neurology Department at Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Da Wang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yuhua Fu
- Neurology Department at Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Huiwen Zheng
- Neurology Department at Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Boxun Lu
- Neurology Department at Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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20
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Liu C, Hu L, Dong G, Zhang Y, Ferreira da Silva-Júnior E, Liu X, Menéndez-Arias L, Zhan P. Emerging drug design strategies in anti-influenza drug discovery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4715-4732. [PMID: 38045039 PMCID: PMC10692392 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses (IFV), According to the World Health Organization (WHO), seasonal IFV epidemics result in approximately 3-5 million cases of severe illness, leading to about half a million deaths worldwide, along with severe economic losses and social burdens. Unfortunately, frequent mutations in IFV lead to a certain lag in vaccine development as well as resistance to existing antiviral drugs. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop anti-IFV drugs with high efficiency against wild-type and resistant strains, needed in the fight against current and future outbreaks caused by different IFV strains. In this review, we summarize general strategies used for the discovery and development of antiviral agents targeting multiple IFV strains (including those resistant to available drugs). Structure-based drug design, mechanism-based drug design, multivalent interaction-based drug design and drug repurposing are amongst the most relevant strategies that provide a framework for the development of antiviral drugs targeting IFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfeng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lide Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Guanyu Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Edeildo Ferreira da Silva-Júnior
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Luis Menéndez-Arias
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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21
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Chen S, Zheng Y, Liang B, Yin Y, Yao J, Wang Q, Liu Y, Neamati N. The application of PROTAC in HDAC. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115746. [PMID: 37607440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Inducing protein degradation by proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) has provided great opportunities for scientific research and industrial applications. Histone deacetylase (HDAC)-PROTAC has been widely developed since the first report of its ability to induce the degradation of SIRT2 in 2017. To date, ten of the eighteen HDACs (HDACs 1-8, HDAC10, and SIRT2) have been successfully targeted and degraded by HDAC-PROTACs. HDAC-PROTACs surpass traditional HDAC inhibitors in many aspects, such as higher selectivity, more potent antiproliferative activity, and the ability to disrupt the enzyme-independent functions of a multifunctional protein and overcome drug resistance. Rationally designing HDAC-PROTACs is a main challenge in development because slight variations in chemical structure can lead to drastic effects on the efficiency and selectivity of the degradation. In the future, HDAC-PROTACs can potentially be involved in clinical research with the support of the increased amount of in vivo data, pharmacokinetic evaluation, and pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoting Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Benji Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Yudong Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Jian Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Quande Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Yanghan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States.
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22
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Zheng H, Li G, Min J, Xu X, Huang W. Lysosome and related protein degradation technologies. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103767. [PMID: 37708931 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, targeted protein degradation technologies based on lysosomal pathways have been developed. Lysosome-based targeted protein degradation technology has a broad range of substrates and the potential to degrade intracellular and extracellular proteins, protein aggregates, damaged organelles and non-protein molecules. Thus, they hold great promise for drug R&D. This study has focused on the biogenesis of lysosomes, their basic functions, lysosome-associated diseases and targeted protein degradation technologies through the lysosomal pathway. In addition, we thoroughly examine the potential applications and limitations of this technology and engage in insightful discussions on potential avenues for future research. Our primary objective is to foster preclinical research on this technology and facilitate its successful clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zheng
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; Key Discipline of Zhejiang Province in Public Health and Preventive Medicine (First Class, Category A), Hangzhou Medical College, China
| | - Gangjian Li
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; Key Discipline of Zhejiang Province in Public Health and Preventive Medicine (First Class, Category A), Hangzhou Medical College, China
| | - Jingli Min
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; Key Discipline of Zhejiang Province in Public Health and Preventive Medicine (First Class, Category A), Hangzhou Medical College, China
| | - Xiangwei Xu
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Wenhai Huang
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; Key Discipline of Zhejiang Province in Public Health and Preventive Medicine (First Class, Category A), Hangzhou Medical College, China.
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23
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Liu Z, Qin G, Yang J, Wang W, Zhang W, Lu B, Ren J, Qu X. Targeting mitochondrial degradation by chimeric autophagy-tethering compounds. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11192-11202. [PMID: 37860639 PMCID: PMC10583747 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03600f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to regulate mitophagy in a living system with small molecules remains a great challenge. We hypothesize that adding fragments specific to the key autophagosome protein LC3 to mitochondria will mimic receptor-mediated mitophagy, thus engaging the autophagy-lysosome pathway to induce mitochondrial degradation. Herein, we develop a general biochemical approach to modulate mitophagy, dubbed mito-ATTECs, which employ chimera molecules composed of LC3-binding moieties linked to mitochondria-targeting ligands. Mito-ATTECs trigger mitophagy via targeting mitochondria to autophagosomes through direct interaction between mito-ATTECs and LC3 on mitochondrial membranes. Subsequently, autophagosomes containing mitochondria rapidly fuse with lysosomes to facilitate the degradation of mitochondria. Therefore, mito-ATTECs circumvent the detrimental effects related to disruption of mitochondrial membrane integrity by inducers routinely used to manipulate mitophagy, and provide a versatile biochemical approach to investigate the physiological roles of mitophagy. Furthermore, we found that sustained mitophagy lead to mitochondrial depletion and autophagic cell death in several malignant cell lines (lethal mitophagy). Among them, apoptosis-resistant malignant melanoma cell lines are particularly sensitive to lethal mitophagy. The therapeutic efficacy of mito-ATTECs has been further evaluated by using subcutaneous and pulmonary metastatic melanoma models. Together, the mitochondrial depletion achieved by mito-ATTECs may demonstrate the general concept of inducing cancer cell lethality through excessive mitochondrial clearance, establishing a promising therapeutic paradigm for apoptosis-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqi Liu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Geng Qin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Boxun Lu
- Neurology Department at Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
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24
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Zhang S, Guo Y, Zhang S, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zuo S. Targeting the deubiquitinase USP2 for malignant tumor therapy (Review). Oncol Rep 2023; 50:176. [PMID: 37594087 PMCID: PMC10463009 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin‑proteasome system is a major degradation pathway for >80% of proteins in vivo. Deubiquitylases, which remove ubiquitinated tags to stabilize substrate proteins, are important components involved in regulating the degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. In addition, they serve multiple roles in tumor development by participating in physiological processes such as protein metabolism, cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair and gene transcription. The present review systematically summarized the role of ubiquitin‑specific protease 2 (USP2) in malignant tumors and the specific molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of USP2 in tumor‑associated pathways. USP2 reverses ubiquitin‑mediated degradation of proteins and is involved in aberrant proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and drug resistance of tumors. Additionally, the present review summarized studies reporting on the use of USP2 as a therapeutic target for malignancies such as breast, liver, ovarian, colorectal, bladder and prostate cancers and glioblastoma and highlights the current status of pharmacological research on USP2. The clinical significance of USP2 as a therapeutic target for malignant tumors warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Shenjie Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Yewei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Shi Zuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
- Precision Medicine Research Institute of Guizhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
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25
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Zeng Y, Xiao J, Xu Y, Wei F, Tian L, Gao Y, Chen Y, Hu Y. Degradation of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9/Cyclin T1 by Optimized Microtubule-Associated Protein 1 Light Chain 3 Beta-Recruiting Coumarin Analogs. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12877-12893. [PMID: 37671907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an efficient and attractive protein degradation pathway in addition to the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Herein, systematic optimization of coumarin analogs linked with the CDK9 inhibitor SNS-032 is reported that may bind to cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (LC3B) simultaneously, which leads to the selective autophagic degradation of targeted CDK9/cyclin T1 and is different from the PROTAC degrader THAL-SNS-032. Further mechanism studies revealed an autophagy-lysosome pathway, where the degraders possibly formed a ternary complex with CDK9 and LC3B. In addition, degrader 10 showed antitumor efficacy in vivo. Our work optimized a potent LC3B recruiter and demonstrated the feasibility of autophagy-tethering compounds (ATTECs), which could be applied for the degradation of diverse intracellular pathogenic proteins to treat related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanxin Xu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Fan Wei
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lina Tian
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yinglei Gao
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Youhong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210046, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, Shandong, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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26
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He X, Li X, Tian W, Li C, Li P, Zhao J, Yang S, Li S. The role of redox-mediated lysosomal dysfunction and therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115121. [PMID: 37418979 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox homeostasis refers to the dynamic equilibrium between oxidant and reducing agent in the body which plays a crucial role in maintaining normal physiological activities of the body. The imbalance of redox homeostasis can lead to the development of various human diseases. Lysosomes regulate the degradation of cellular proteins and play an important role in influencing cell function and fate, and lysosomal dysfunction is closely associated with the development of various diseases. In addition, several studies have shown that redox homeostasis plays a direct or indirect role in regulating lysosomes. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews the role and mechanisms of redox homeostasis in the regulation of lysosomal function. Therapeutic strategies based on the regulation of redox exerted to disrupt or restore lysosomal function are further discussed. Uncovering the role of redox in the regulation of lysosomes helps to point new directions for the treatment of many human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng He
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuening Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Shilei Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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27
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Pan S, Ding A, Li Y, Sun Y, Zhan Y, Ye Z, Song N, Peng B, Li L, Huang W, Shao H. Small-molecule probes from bench to bedside: advancing molecular analysis of drug-target interactions toward precision medicine. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5706-5743. [PMID: 37525607 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00056g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, remarkable advances have been witnessed in the development of small-molecule probes. These molecular tools have been widely applied for interrogating proteins, pathways and drug-target interactions in preclinical research. While novel structures and designs are commonly explored in probe development, the clinical translation of small-molecule probes remains limited, primarily due to safety and regulatory considerations. Recent synergistic developments - interfacing novel chemical probes with complementary analytical technologies - have introduced and expedited diverse biomedical opportunities to molecularly characterize targeted drug interactions directly in the human body or through accessible clinical specimens (e.g., blood and ascites fluid). These integrated developments thus offer unprecedented opportunities for drug development, disease diagnostics and treatment monitoring. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the structure and design of small-molecule probes with novel functionalities and the integrated development with imaging, proteomics and other emerging technologies. We further highlight recent applications of integrated small-molecule technologies for the molecular analysis of drug-target interactions, including translational applications and emerging opportunities for whole-body imaging, tissue-based measurement and blood-based analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijun Pan
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Aixiang Ding
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yisi Li
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yaxin Sun
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yueqin Zhan
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Zhenkun Ye
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Ning Song
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Lin Li
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Huilin Shao
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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28
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Li P, Li B, Yang N, Xu T, Zheng Z. The next generation of EGFR inhibitors: a patenting perspective of PROTACs based EGFR degraders. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:477-492. [PMID: 37873645 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2262176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abnormal expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) contributes to tumor development, especially in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although multiple inhibitors have been developed to target diverse EGFR mutations and several have been approved, the inevitable drug resistance and side effect remain a challenge, which motivates novel strategies. Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have been gaining momentum for their potential as novel therapeutics for human diseases by triggering protein degradation. To date, various potent and specific EGFR PROTACs have been discovered and some of them have entered clinical trials. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of EGFR degraders in patents from 2016 to 2022. It provides an update of the discovery strategies, chemical structures, and molecular profiling of all available EGFR PROTACs. SciFinder, PubMed, Web of Science, EPO, and CNIPA databases were used for searching the literature and patents for EGFR PROTACs. EXPERT OPINION By employing the PROTAC technology, highly potent and selective EGFR degraders based on four generation EGFR inhibitors have been developed, which offer a new strategy to target EGFR mutations and overcome the drug resistance. Despite the satisfactory result in vitro and in vivo studies, their therapeutic value awaits more rigorous preclinical testing and clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyun Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Strategic Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Bingkun Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Strategic Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Strategic Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Strategic Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibing Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Strategic Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
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29
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Huang Q, Liu Z, Yang Y, Yang Y, Huang T, Hong Y, Zhang J, Chen Q, Zhao T, Xiao Z, Gong X, Jiang Y, Peng J, Nan Y, Ai K. Selenium Nanodots (SENDs) as Antioxidants and Antioxidant-Prodrugs to Rescue Islet β Cells in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Restoring Mitophagy and Alleviating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300880. [PMID: 37408520 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Preventing islet β-cells death is crucial for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Currently, clinical drugs are being developed to improve the quality of T2DM care and self-care, but drugs focused on reducing islets β-cell death are lacking. Given that β-cell death in T2DM is dominated ultimately by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), eliminating excessive ROS in β-cells is a highly promising therapeutic strategy. Nevertheless, no antioxidants have been approved for T2DM therapy because most of them cannot meet the long-term and stable elimination of ROS in β-cells without eliciting toxic side-effects. Here, it is proposed to restore the endogenous antioxidant capacity of β-cells to efficiently prevent β-cell death using selenium nanodots (SENDs), a prodrug of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1). SENDs not only scavenge ROS effectively, but also "send" selenium precisely to β-cells with ROS response to greatly enhance the antioxidant capacity of β-cells by increasing GPX1 expression. Therefore, SENDs greatly rescue β-cells by restoring mitophagy and alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and demonstrate much stronger efficacy than the first-line drug metformin for T2DM treatment. Overall, this strategy highlights the great clinical application prospects of SENDs, offering a paradigm for an antioxidant enzyme prodrug for T2DM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zerun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yunrong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ying Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qiaohui Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Tianjiao Zhao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Zuoxiu Xiao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xuejun Gong
- Pancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yitian Jiang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yayun Nan
- Geriatric Medical Center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Kelong Ai
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
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Leusmann S, Ménová P, Shanin E, Titz A, Rademacher C. Glycomimetics for the inhibition and modulation of lectins. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3663-3740. [PMID: 37232696 PMCID: PMC10243309 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00954d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are essential mediators of many processes in health and disease. They regulate self-/non-self- discrimination, are key elements of cellular communication, cancer, infection and inflammation, and determine protein folding, function and life-times. Moreover, they are integral to the cellular envelope for microorganisms and participate in biofilm formation. These diverse functions of carbohydrates are mediated by carbohydrate-binding proteins, lectins, and the more the knowledge about the biology of these proteins is advancing, the more interfering with carbohydrate recognition becomes a viable option for the development of novel therapeutics. In this respect, small molecules mimicking this recognition process become more and more available either as tools for fostering our basic understanding of glycobiology or as therapeutics. In this review, we outline the general design principles of glycomimetic inhibitors (Section 2). This section is then followed by highlighting three approaches to interfere with lectin function, i.e. with carbohydrate-derived glycomimetics (Section 3.1), novel glycomimetic scaffolds (Section 3.2) and allosteric modulators (Section 3.3). We summarize recent advances in design and application of glycomimetics for various classes of lectins of mammalian, viral and bacterial origin. Besides highlighting design principles in general, we showcase defined cases in which glycomimetics have been advanced to clinical trials or marketed. Additionally, emerging applications of glycomimetics for targeted protein degradation and targeted delivery purposes are reviewed in Section 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Leusmann
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Petra Ménová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Shanin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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31
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Yang J, Zhang C. Targeting the autophagy-lysosomal pathway in Huntington disease: a pharmacological perspective. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1175598. [PMID: 37304076 PMCID: PMC10248240 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1175598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) is the major biological pathway responsible for clearing intracellular protein aggregates, therefore a promising target for treating diseases featuring the accumulation of aggregation-prone proteins, such as Huntington disease (HD). However, accumulating evidence indicated that targeting ALP to treat HD is pharmacologically challenging due to the complexity of autophagy and the autophagy defects in HD cells. Here in this mini-review, we summarized the current challenges in targeting ALP in HD and discussed a number of latest findings on aggrephagy and targeted protein degradation, which we believe will provide potential new targets and new strategies for treating HD via ALP.
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Kannan MP, Sreeraman S, Somala CS, Kushwah RB, Mani SK, Sundaram V, Thirunavukarasou A. Advancement of targeted protein degradation strategies as therapeutics for undruggable disease targets. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:867-883. [PMID: 37254917 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) aids in developing novel bifunctional small-molecule degraders and eliminates proteins of interest. The TPD approach shows promising results in oncological, neurogenerative, cardiovascular and gynecological drug development. We provide an overview of technology advancements in TPD, including molecular glues, proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), lysosome-targeting chimeras, antibody-based PROTAC, GlueBody PROTAC, autophagy-targeting chimera, autophagosome-tethering compound, autophagy-targeting chimera and chaperone-mediated autophagy-based degraders. Here we discuss the development and evolution of the TPD field, the variety of proteins that PROTACs target and the biological repercussions of their degradation. We particularly highlight the recent improvements in TPD research that utilize autophagy or the endolysosomal pathway, which enables the targeting of undruggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri P Kannan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
- B-Aatral Biosciences Private Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560091, India
| | - Sarojini Sreeraman
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
- SRIIC Lab, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education & Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600116, India
| | - Chaitanya S Somala
- B-Aatral Biosciences Private Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560091, India
| | - Raja Bs Kushwah
- B-Aatral Biosciences Private Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560091, India
- Department of Entomology and Agrilife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Saravanan K Mani
- B-Aatral Biosciences Private Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560091, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600073, India
| | - Vickram Sundaram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
| | - Anand Thirunavukarasou
- B-Aatral Biosciences Private Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560091, India
- SRIIC Lab, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education & Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600116, India
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33
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Zhang H, Xu M, Li H, Mai X, Sun J, Mi L, Ma J, Zhu X, Fei Y. Detection speed optimization of the OI-RD microscope for ultra-high throughput screening. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:2386-2399. [PMID: 37206144 PMCID: PMC10191655 DOI: 10.1364/boe.487563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The oblique-incidence reflectivity difference (OI-RD) microscope is a label-free detection system for microarrays that has many successful applications in high throughput drug screening. The increase and optimization of the detection speed of the OI-RD microscope will enable it to be a potential ultra-high throughput screening tool. This work presents a series of optimization methods that can significantly reduce the time to scan an OI-RD image. The wait time for the lock-in amplifier was decreased by the proper selection of the time constant and development of a new electronic amplifier. In addition, the time for the software to acquire data and for translation stage movement was also minimized. As a result, the detection speed of the OI-RD microscope is 10 times faster than before, making the OI-RD microscope suitable for ultra-high throughput screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), School of Information Science and Technology,
Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mengjing Xu
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), School of Information Science and Technology,
Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Haofeng Li
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), School of Information Science and Technology,
Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaohan Mai
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), School of Information Science and Technology,
Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiawei Sun
- Department of Science and Technology, Shanghai Deyu Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201413, China
| | - Lan Mi
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), School of Information Science and Technology,
Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiong Ma
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), School of Information Science and Technology,
Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- Department of Physics, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Yiyan Fei
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), School of Information Science and Technology,
Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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34
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Li X, Liu Q, Xie X, Peng C, Pang Q, Liu B, Han B. Application of Novel Degraders Employing Autophagy for Expediting Medicinal Research. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1700-1711. [PMID: 36716420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) technology is based on a unique pharmacological mechanism that has profoundly revolutionized medicinal research by overcoming limitations associated with traditional small-molecule drugs. Autophagy, a mechanism for intracellular waste disposal and recovery, is an important biological process in medicinal research. Recently, studies have demonstrated that several emerging autophagic degraders can treat human diseases. Herein we summarize the progress in medicinal research on autophagic degraders, including autophagosome-tethering compounds (ATTEC), autophagy-targeting chimeras (AUTAC), and AUTOphagy-TArgeting chimeras (AUTOTAC), for treating human diseases. These autophagic degraders exhibit excellent potential for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Our research on autophagic degraders provides a new avenue for medicinal research on TPD via autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qiwen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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35
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Wang YW, Lan L, Wang M, Zhang JY, Gao YH, Shi L, Sun LP. PROTACS: A technology with a gold rush-like atmosphere. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115037. [PMID: 36566716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abnormally expressed or malfunctioning proteins may affect or even damage cells, leading to the onset of diseases. Proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology has been proven to be a fresh therapeutic strategy, superior to conventional small molecule inhibitors for the treatment of diseases caused by pathogenic proteins. Unlike conventional small molecule inhibitors that are occupancy-driven, PROTACs are heterobifunctional small molecules with catalytic properties. They combine with E3 ligases and target proteins to form a ternary complex, rendering the target protein ubiquitous and subsequently degraded by the proteasome. This paper focuses first on significant events in the development of PROTAC technology from 2001 to 2022, followed by a brief overview of various PROTACs categorized by target proteins. In addition, the applications of PROTACs in the treatment of diseases and fundamental biology are also under discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Li Lan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Jin-Yang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Yu-Hui Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Lei Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
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36
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Cuttini E, Goi C, Pellarin E, Vida R, Brancolini C. HDAC4 in cancer: A multitasking platform to drive not only epigenetic modifications. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1116660. [PMID: 36762207 PMCID: PMC9902726 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1116660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling access to genomic information and maintaining its stability are key aspects of cell life. Histone acetylation is a reversible epigenetic modification that allows access to DNA and the assembly of protein complexes that regulate mainly transcription but also other activities. Enzymes known as histone deacetylases (HDACs) are involved in the removal of the acetyl-group or in some cases of small hydrophobic moieties from histones but also from the non-histone substrate. The main achievement of HDACs on histones is to repress transcription and promote the formation of more compact chromatin. There are 18 different HDACs encoded in the human genome. Here we will discuss HDAC4, a member of the class IIa family, and its possible contribution to cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Cuttini
- Scuola Superiore Universitaria di Toppo Wassermann, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Camilla Goi
- Scuola Superiore Universitaria di Toppo Wassermann, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Ester Pellarin
- Scuola Superiore Universitaria di Toppo Wassermann, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vida
- Scuola Superiore Universitaria di Toppo Wassermann, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Claudio Brancolini
- Scuola Superiore Universitaria di Toppo Wassermann, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy,Laboratory of Epigenomics, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy,*Correspondence: Claudio Brancolini,
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37
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Xue W, Li Y. Enhanced lysosome biogenesis ameliorates neurodegenerative diseases. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8582-8584. [PMID: 36375475 PMCID: PMC9699759 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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