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Çıtar Dazıroğlu ME, Acar Tek N, Cevher Akdulum MF, Yılmaz C, Yalınay AM. Effects of kefir consumption on gut microbiota and health outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:5632-5646. [PMID: 39139979 PMCID: PMC11317752 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), which is common among women of reproductive age, is characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation and is associated with several health problems and dysbiosis. Kefir has been shown to have many beneficial health effects; however, its effect on PCOS is unknown. This study aimed to examine the effect of kefir on the intestinal microbiota and health outcomes in PCOS. In this intervention study, 17 women with PCOS consumed 250 mL/day of kefir (containing Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens subsp. kefiranofaciens, Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens subsp. kefirgranum, Lactobacillus kefiri, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus parakefiri, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactococcus lactis, Leuconostoc mesentereoides, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Streptococcus thermophilus, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Kluyveromyces lactis, Acetobacter pasteurianus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) for 8 weeks. Food consumption and physical activity records, anthropometrical measurements, quality of life, and fecal and blood samples were taken at the study's beginning and end. Quality of life in mental health (58.8 ± 15.08; 64.0 ± 15.23, respectively) and physical function (95.00 and 100.00, respectively) categories showed a significant increase after kefir intervention (p < .05). Additionally, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), one of the inflammatory cytokines, significantly decreased (174.00 and 109.10 ng/L, respectively) (p < .05). The intestinal barrier permeability was evaluated with zonulin, and no significant change was observed. Gut microbiota analysis showed that while the relative abundance of the class Bacilli and genus Lactococcus significantly increased, the genus Holdemania decreased with kefir consumption (p < .05). In conclusion, kefir appears to be beneficial for improving the microbiota and some health outcomes, like reducing inflammation and improving quality of life in PCOS. Therefore, kefir may be useful in the treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nilüfer Acar Tek
- Department of Nutrition and DieteticsGazi UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | | | - Canan Yılmaz
- Department of Medical BiochemistryGazi UniversityAnkaraTurkey
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Zhao G, Duan W, Zhang L, Sun W, Liu W, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Shi Q, Wu T. The peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein gene mutant elicits robust immunological defense in mice against Salmonella enteritidis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1422202. [PMID: 38903796 PMCID: PMC11188350 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1422202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella enteritidis (S. enteritidis), a zoonotic pathogen with a broad host range, presents a substantial threat to global public health safety. Vaccination stands as an effective strategy for the prevention and control of S. enteritidis infection, highlighting an immediate clinical need for the creation of safe and efficient attenuated live vaccines. Methods In this study, a S. enteritidis peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (pal) gene deletion strain (Δpal), was constructed. To assess its virulence, we conducted experiments on biofilm formation capability, motility, as well as cell and mouse infection. Subsequently, we evaluated the immune-protective effect of Δpal. Results It was discovered that deletion of the pal gene reduced the biofilm formation capability and motility of S. enteritidis. Cell infection experiments revealed that the Δpal strain exhibited significantly decreased abilities in invasion, adhesion, and intracellular survival, with downregulation of virulence gene expression, including mgtC, invH, spvB, sipA, sipB, ssaV, csgA, and pipB. Mouse infection experiments showed that the LD50 of Δpal increased by 104 times, and its colonization ability in mouse tissue organs was significantly reduced. The results indicated that the pal gene severely affected the virulence of S. enteritidis. Further, immunogenicity evaluation of Δpal showed a significant enhancement in the lymphocyte transformation proliferation capability of immunized mice, producing high titers of specific IgG and IgA, suggesting that Δpal possesses good immunogenicity. Challenge protection tests demonstrated that the strain could provide 100% immune protection against wild-type strains in mice. Discussion This study proves that the pal gene influences the virulence of S. enteritidis, and Δpal could serve as a candidate strain for attenuated live vaccines, laying the foundation for the development of attenuated live vaccines against Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixin Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Wenlong Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Wenchao Sun
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yanying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Qiumei Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Tonglei Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
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Zhao T, Zhang Y, Nan L, Zhu Q, Wang S, Xie Y, Dong X, Cao C, Lin X, Lu Y, Liu Y, Huang L, Gong G, Wang Z. Impact of structurally diverse polysaccharides on colonic mucin O-glycosylation and gut microbiota. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:97. [PMID: 38081891 PMCID: PMC10713555 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how dietary polysaccharides affect mucin O-glycosylation and gut microbiota could provide various nutrition-based treatments. Here, the O-glycan profile of the colonic mucosa and gut microbiome were investigated in C57BL/6J mice fed six structurally diverse dietary polysaccharides and a mixture of six fibers. Dietary polysaccharides increased total O-glycans, mainly by stimulating neutral glycans. Highly branched arabinogalactan promoted terminally fucosylated core 1 O-glycans; whereas linear polysaccharides, including pectin, konjac glucomannan, inulin, and the fiber mixture, favored terminally di-fucosylated O-glycans. The last three polysaccharides also lowered the level of sulfated O-glycans and sialylated mono-fucosylated O-glycans. Varied monosaccharide composition in mixed polysaccharides had a synergistic beneficial effect, boosting fucosylated neutral glycans, decreasing acidic glycans, and stimulating microbial richness and diversity. Dietary polysaccharides containing arabinose and sulfate groups enhanced the relative abundances of Akkermansia and Muribaculaceae, respectively. The present comparison reveals the relationship between dietary polysaccharide structure, mucin O-glycan composition, and intestinal microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Linhua Nan
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Shukai Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yutao Xie
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xinling Dong
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Cui Cao
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xiaoliang Lin
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Guiping Gong
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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Ding J, Pan Y, Raj S, Schaffrick L, Wong J, Nguyen A, Manchikanti S, Unsworth L, Kwan P, Tredget E. Characteristics of Serum Exosomes after Burn Injury and Dermal Fibroblast Regulation by Exosomes In Vitro. Cells 2023; 12:1738. [PMID: 37443772 PMCID: PMC10341298 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Exosomes (EXOs) have been considered a new target thought to be involved in and treat wound healing. More research is needed to fully understand EXO characteristics and the mechanisms of EXO-mediated wound healing, especially wound healing after burn injury. (2) Methods: All EXOs were isolated from 85 serum samples of 29 burn patients and 13 healthy individuals. We characterized the EXOs for morphology and density, serum concentration, protein level, marker expression, size distribution, and cytokine content. After a confirmation of EXO uptake by dermal fibroblasts, we also explored the functional regulation of primary human normal skin and hypertrophic scar fibroblast cell lines by the EXOs in vitro, including cell proliferation and apoptosis. (3) Results: EXOs dynamically changed their morphology, density, size, and cytokine level during wound healing in burn patients, which were correlated with burn severity and the stages of wound healing. EXOs both from burn patients and healthy individuals stimulated dermal fibroblast proliferation and apoptosis. (4) Conclusions: EXO features may be important signals that influence wound healing after burn injury; however, to understand the mechanisms by which EXOs regulates the fibroblasts in healing wounds, further studies will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- Wound Healing Research Group, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada; (Y.P.); (L.S.); (J.W.); (A.N.); (S.M.); (P.K.); (E.T.)
| | - Yingying Pan
- Wound Healing Research Group, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada; (Y.P.); (L.S.); (J.W.); (A.N.); (S.M.); (P.K.); (E.T.)
| | - Shammy Raj
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada; (S.R.); (L.U.)
| | - Lindy Schaffrick
- Wound Healing Research Group, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada; (Y.P.); (L.S.); (J.W.); (A.N.); (S.M.); (P.K.); (E.T.)
| | - Jolene Wong
- Wound Healing Research Group, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada; (Y.P.); (L.S.); (J.W.); (A.N.); (S.M.); (P.K.); (E.T.)
| | - Antoinette Nguyen
- Wound Healing Research Group, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada; (Y.P.); (L.S.); (J.W.); (A.N.); (S.M.); (P.K.); (E.T.)
| | - Sharada Manchikanti
- Wound Healing Research Group, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada; (Y.P.); (L.S.); (J.W.); (A.N.); (S.M.); (P.K.); (E.T.)
| | - Larry Unsworth
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada; (S.R.); (L.U.)
| | - Peter Kwan
- Wound Healing Research Group, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada; (Y.P.); (L.S.); (J.W.); (A.N.); (S.M.); (P.K.); (E.T.)
| | - Edward Tredget
- Wound Healing Research Group, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada; (Y.P.); (L.S.); (J.W.); (A.N.); (S.M.); (P.K.); (E.T.)
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