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Choate JC, Silva I, Hsu PC, Tran K, Marinescu SC. The Positional Effect of an Immobilized Re Tricarbonyl Catalyst for CO 2 Reduction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:50534-50549. [PMID: 39255361 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
The storage of renewable energy through the conversion of CO2 to CO provides a viable solution for the intermittent nature of these energy sources. The immobilization of rhenium(I) tricarbonyl molecular complexes is presented through the reductive coupling of bis(diazonium) aryl substituents. The heterogenized complex was characterized through ultra-visible, attenuated total reflectance, infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to probe the electronic structure of the immobilized complex. In addition, studies of cyclic voltammetry, controlled potential electrolysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were conducted to examine the CO2 reduction activity. The structure and CO2 reduction performance were compared with a previously reported immobilized rhenium(I) tricarbonyl molecular complex to probe the effect of varying the tethering of the aryl substituent from the 5,5'-position to the 4,4'-position of the 2,2'-bipyridine backbone. The immobilized complex on carbon cloth at the 4,4'-position provided excellent selectivity (FECO > 99%) and maximum TONCO and TOFCO values of 3359 and 0.9 s-1, respectively, without the addition of a Bro̷nsted acid source. A nonaqueous flow cell demonstrated the stability of this complex during a 5 h electrolysis. Tethering at the 4,4'-position, compared to the 5,5'-position, yielded lower overall activity for CO2 reduction and was attributed to the difference in growth morphology and formation of aggregations, due to Re-Re dimer formation and π-π stacking interactions within the metallopolymer matrix. For carbon cloth substrates, an optimized catalyst loading was determined to be 44.6 ± 11 nmol/cm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah C Choate
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles 90089, United States
| | - Israel Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles 90089, United States
| | - Po Ching Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles 90089, United States
| | - Kaylyn Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles 90089, United States
| | - Smaranda C Marinescu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles 90089, United States
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2
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Šámal M, Sturm L, Banasiewicz M, Deperasinska I, Kozankiewicz B, Morawski O, Nagata Y, Dechambenoit P, Bock H, Rossel A, Buděšínský M, Boudier A, Jančařík A. Carbonyl mediated fluorescence in aceno[ n]helicenones and fluoreno[ n]helicenes. Chem Sci 2024; 15:9842-9850. [PMID: 38939154 PMCID: PMC11206200 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00892h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicenes are very attractive chiral non-planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons possessing strong chiroptical properties. However, most of the helicenes absorb light mainly in the ultraviolet region, with only a small segment in the blue part of the visible spectrum. Furthermore, carbo[n]helicenes exhibit only weak luminescence that limits their utilization. Herein, we demonstrate that peripheral decoration of the helicene backbone with an aryl-carbonyl group shifts the absorption to the visible region and simultaneously improves their fluorescence quantum yields. We thus show that the carbonyl group, commonly considered as detrimental to emission, has the capability of improving optical and photophysical properties. Two different families, aceno[n]helicenones and fluoreno[n]helicenes, are presented with comprehensive spectrochemical characterization. TD-DFT calculations were implemented to clarify their electronic profiles. We show that increasing the helical length in aceno[n]helicenes increases absorption onset, g abs and g lum. Extension of the peripheral aromatic part in fluoreno[n]helicenes leads to a blue shift in both absorption and emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Šámal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences 166 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Ludmilla Sturm
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CRPP UMR 5031 33600 Pessac France
| | - Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Al. Lotników 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Irena Deperasinska
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Al. Lotników 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Boleslaw Kozankiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Al. Lotników 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Olaf Morawski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Al. Lotników 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Yuuya Nagata
- Japan Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
| | - Pierre Dechambenoit
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CRPP UMR 5031 33600 Pessac France
| | - Harald Bock
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CRPP UMR 5031 33600 Pessac France
| | - Amandine Rossel
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CRPP UMR 5031 33600 Pessac France
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences 166 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Anthony Boudier
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets (CBMN), Université de Bordeaux-INP UMR 5248, Allée St Hilaire 33607 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Andrej Jančařík
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CRPP UMR 5031 33600 Pessac France
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Frasca S, Galkin M, Stro̷mme M, Lindh J, Gising J. Toward Biomass-Based Organic Electronics: Continuous Flow Synthesis and Electropolymerization of N-Substituted Pyrroles. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13852-13859. [PMID: 38559979 PMCID: PMC10975589 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Pyrroles are foundational building blocks in a wide array of disciplines, including chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and materials science. Currently sourced from nonrenewable fossil sources, there is a strive to explore alternative and sustainable synthetic pathways to pyrroles utilizing renewable feedstocks. The utilization of biomass resources presents a compelling solution, particularly given that several key bulk and fine chemicals already originate from biomass. For instance, 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran and aniline are promising candidates for biomass-based chemical production. In this study, we present an innovative approach for synthesizing N-substituted pyrroles by modifying the Clauson-Kaas protocol, starting from 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran as the precursor. The developed methodology offers the advantage of producing pyrroles under mild reaction conditions with the potential for catalyst-free reactions depending upon the structural features of the substrate. We devised protocols suitable for both continuous flow and batch reactions, enabling the conversion of a wide range of anilines and sulfonamides into their respective N-substituted pyrroles with good to excellent yields. Moreover, we demonstrate the feasibility of depositing thin films of the corresponding polymers onto electrodes through in situ electropolymerization. This innovative application showcases the potential for sustainable, biomass-based organic electronics, thus, paving the way for environmentally friendly advancements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Frasca
- Nanotechnology and Functional
Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 03Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maxim Galkin
- Nanotechnology and Functional
Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 03Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Stro̷mme
- Nanotechnology and Functional
Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 03Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Lindh
- Nanotechnology and Functional
Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 03Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Gising
- Nanotechnology and Functional
Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 03Uppsala, Sweden
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Gamini Rajapakse RM, Horrocks BR, Gunarathna HMNP, Malikaramage AU, Egodawele MGSAMEWDDK, Herath WHMRNK, Sandakelum L, Bandara VMYSU, Bowatta WVNS, Susanthi Jayasinghe JM, Seneviratne VN, Ranatunga U, Perera LLK, Dassanayake SM, Udawatte CP. Computational analysis and experimental verification of donor-acceptor behaviour of berberine, and its co-oligomers and co-polymers with ethylenedıoxythıophene. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20186. [PMID: 37980445 PMCID: PMC10657409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47541-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The donor-acceptor (D-A) type of conjugated polymers has emerged as the paradigm of the third generation of electronically conducting polymers demonstrating improved infrared activity and intrinsic electronic conductivity. Judicious selection of donor (D) and acceptor (A) monomers for copolymerization can further fine-tune these properties. Notably, for such refinement, natural compounds provide many conjugated molecules with various functional groups. Berberine cation (Ber+) found in Coscinium fenestratum has extensive conjugation and contains both an electron deficient isoquinolium A moiety and electron-rich D-type methylenedioxy and methoxy groups. The incorporation of natural products in electronic materials is a novel area of research which opens a wide scope for future electronic and optoelectronic devices. Investigation of their fundamental properties via computer simulations is therefore important. In this study, quantum chemical calculations are performed using density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the electronic and optical properties of oligomers of Ber+ and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and to explore the possibilities for homo-polymerization of Ber+ and its copolymerization with EDOT. It has been revealed that homo-polymerization is not favoured but copolymerization with EDOT is possible. As such, Ber+ was copolymerized with EDOT and the copolymers formed by electro-polymerization are extensively characterised and the D-A behaviour of the copolymers verified. Furthermore, the theoretical predictions have been compared with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Gamini Rajapakse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka.
| | - Benjamin R Horrocks
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - H M N P Gunarathna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - A U Malikaramage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | | | - W H M R N K Herath
- Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Lahiru Sandakelum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - V M Y S U Bandara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - W V N S Bowatta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | | | - V N Seneviratne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Udayana Ranatunga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - L L K Perera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - S M Dassanayake
- Department of Decision Sciences, University of Moratuwa, Katubedda, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
| | - Chandana P Udawatte
- Department of Physical Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka
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5
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Rajapakse RMG, Horrocks BR, Malikaramage AU, Gunarathna HMNP, Egodawele MGSAMEWDDK, Jayasinghe JMS, Ranatunga U, Herath WHMRNK, Sandakelum L, Wylie S, Abewardana PGPR, Seneviratne VN, Perera LLK, Velauthapillai D. Berberine isolation from Coscinium fenestratum: optical, electrochemical, and computational studies. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17062-17073. [PMID: 37293467 PMCID: PMC10245225 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01769a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine was extracted from Coscinium fenestratum (tree turmeric) and purified by column chromatography. The UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy of berberine was studied in acetonitrile and aqueous media. TD-DFT calculations employing the B3LYP functional were found to reproduce the general features of the absorption and emission spectra correctly. The electronic transitions to the first and second excited singlet states involve a transfer of electron density from the electron donating methylenedioxy phenyl ring to the electron accepting isoquinolium moiety. An estimate of the electrochemical gap (2.64 V) was obtained from microelectrode voltammetry and good agreement was found with quantum chemical calculations using the cc-pVTZ basis set and the B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP and wB97XD functionals. The calculations indicate spin density of the radical dication is delocalised over the molecule. These basic data are useful for assessment of the synthesis of donor-acceptor polymeric materials employing oxidative polymerization or co-polymerisation of berberine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Gamini Rajapakse
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
| | - Benjamin R Horrocks
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LB UK
| | - A U Malikaramage
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
| | - H M N P Gunarathna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
| | | | - J M Susanthi Jayasinghe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
| | - Udayana Ranatunga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
| | - W H M R N K Herath
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
| | - Lahiru Sandakelum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
| | - Shane Wylie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
| | - P G P R Abewardana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
| | - V N Seneviratne
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
| | - L L K Perera
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
| | - D Velauthapillai
- Advanced Nanomaterials for Clean Energy and Health Applications, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Campus Bergen, Kronstad Bergen D412 Norway
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6
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Seddiki I, N’Diaye BI, Skene WG. Survey of Recent Advances in Molecular Fluorophores, Unconjugated Polymers, and Emerging Functional Materials Designed for Electrofluorochromic Use. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073225. [PMID: 37049988 PMCID: PMC10096808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, recent advances that exploit the intrinsic emission of organic materials for reversibly modulating their intensity with applied potential are surveyed. Key design strategies that have been adopted during the past five years for developing such electrofluorochromic materials are presented, focusing on molecular fluorophores that are coupled with redox-active moieties, intrinsically electroactive molecular fluorophores, and unconjugated emissive organic polymers. The structural effects, main challenges, and strides toward addressing the limitations of emerging fluorescent materials that are electrochemically responsive are surveyed, along with how these can be adapted for their use in electrofluorochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilies Seddiki
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués Département de Chimie, Campus MIL, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Brelotte Idriss N’Diaye
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués Département de Chimie, Campus MIL, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - W. G. Skene
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués Département de Chimie, Campus MIL, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Perry S, Arumugam S, Beeby S, Nandhakumar I. Template-free nanostructured poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) films via single pulse-nucleated electrodeposition. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Bouabdallaoui M, Aouzal Z, Ben Jadi S, Bazzaoui M, Wang R, Bazzaoui EA. Low potential electropolymerization and copolymerization of diphenylamine on aluminium. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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