1
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Leydman NE, Norcott PL. Aldoximes enable proton-relayed NMR hyperpolarisation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39157937 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03231d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
NMR signals can be greatly enhanced, or hyperpolarised, by interactions with para-hydrogen. We demonstrate here that oximes can be reversibly hyperpolarised by coordination to an iridium complex, that oxime E/Z geometry is significant for activity, and that hyperpolarised oximes can subsequently transfer these enhanced signals through proton exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi E Leydman
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, 2601 Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Philip L Norcott
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, 2601 Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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2
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Dagys L, Korzeczek MC, Parker AJ, Eills J, Blanchard JW, Bengs C, Levitt MH, Knecht S, Schwartz I, Plenio MB. Robust parahydrogen-induced polarization at high concentrations. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado0373. [PMID: 39047103 PMCID: PMC11268409 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) is a potent technique for generating target molecules with high nuclear spin polarization. The PHIP process involves a chemical reaction between parahydrogen and a target molecule, followed by the transformation of nuclear singlet spin order into magnetization of a designated target nucleus through magnetic field manipulations. Although the singlet-to-magnetization polarization transfer process works effectively at moderate concentrations, it is observed to become much less efficient at high molar polarization, defined as the product of polarization and concentration. This strong dependence on the molar polarization is attributed to interference due to the field produced by the sample magnetization during polarization transfer, which leads to complex dynamics and can severely affect the scalability of the technique. We address this challenge with a pulse sequence that suppresses the influence of the distant dipolar field, while simultaneously achieving singlet-to-magnetization polarization transfer to the desired target spins, free from restrictions on the molar polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurynas Dagys
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, Wolfgang-Paul Straße 2, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 3, Vilnius LT10257, Lithuania
| | - Martin C. Korzeczek
- Institut für Theoretische Physik and IQST, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna J. Parker
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, Wolfgang-Paul Straße 2, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - James Eills
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, Wolfgang-Paul Straße 2, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - John W. Blanchard
- Quantum Technology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Christian Bengs
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Malcolm H. Levitt
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Stephan Knecht
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, Wolfgang-Paul Straße 2, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ilai Schwartz
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, Wolfgang-Paul Straße 2, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin B. Plenio
- Institut für Theoretische Physik and IQST, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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3
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Theiss F, Lins J, Kergassner J, Wienands L, Döller S, Buntkowsky G. Two fields are better than one - A multifunctional (semi)automated setup for quantitative measurements of parahydrogen-induced signal enhancement at low and high fields. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2024; 362:107673. [PMID: 38598990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2024.107673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The rapid advancement of parahydrogen-induced hyperpolarization (PHIP) and its diverse array of applications highlights the critical need for enhanced signals in both 1H NMR and heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. Simultaneously, there is an increasing interest in utilizing benchtop NMR analysis across various laboratory settings. However, due to their lower magnetic fields, benchtop NMR spectrometers inherently produce weaker signal intensities. Here, PHIP is a well-established solution to this challenge. Consequently, we are expanding our cost-effective PHIP setup from a high-field NMR spectrometer (11.7 T) to include an additional benchtop NMR spectrometer (1.4 T), thereby enabling concurrent execution of PHIP experiments and measurements. Through the implementation of automated experimental protocols, we aim to minimize experiment time while increasing reproducibility. In this work, a non-isotope labelled propargyl alcohol sample is used at low concentrations to demonstrate our setup's capabilities. It could be shown that single-scan PASADENA experiments can be run with comparable signal enhancements at the benchtop as well as the high-field spectrometer. At 1.4 T, fully automated PHIP pseudo-2D measurements will also be demonstrated. Additionally, two different field profiles for the spin-order transfer of p-H2 to 13C at zero- to ultralow fields are elaborated upon. The setup facilitates the measurement of carbon signal enhancement of more than 2000 on the benchtop NMR spectrometer, employing a straightforward one-pulse, one-scan experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Theiss
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jonas Lins
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan Kergassner
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Laura Wienands
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sonja Döller
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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4
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Czarnota M, Mames A, Pietrzak M, Jopa S, Theiß F, Buntkowsky G, Ratajczyk T. A Straightforward Method for the Generation of Hyperpolarized Orthohydrogen with a Partially Negative Line. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202309188. [PMID: 37727926 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogen molecule, which exists in two spin isomers (ortho- and parahydrogen), is a highly studied system due to its fundamental properties and practical applications. Parahydrogen is used for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance signal enhancement, which is hyperpolarization of other molecules, including biorelevant ones. Hyperpolarization can be achieved by using Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE). SABRE can also convert parahydrogen into orthohydrogen, and surprisingly, in some cases, it has been discovered that orthohydrogen's resonance has the Partially Negative Line (PNL) pattern. Here, an approach for obtaining orthohydrogen with a PNL signal is presented for two catalysts: Ir-IMes, and Ir-IMesBn. The type of solvent in which SABRE is conducted is crucial for the observation of PNL. Specifically, a PNL signal can be easily generated in benzene using both catalysts, but it is more intense for Ir-IMesBn. In acetone, PNL is observed only for Ir-IMesBn. In methanol, no PNL is detected. The PNL effect is only detectable during the initial steps of pre-catalyst activation, and disappears as the activation process progresses. We have proposed a working hypothesis that explains our results. The presented data may facilitate the further investigation of PNL and its applications in material science and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Czarnota
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Mames
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Pietrzak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Jopa
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Franziska Theiß
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tomasz Ratajczyk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Snadin AV, Chuklina NO, Kiryutin AS, Lukzen NN, Yurkovskaya AV. Magnetic field dependence of the para-ortho conversion rate of molecular hydrogen in SABRE experiments. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2024; 360:107630. [PMID: 38364339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2024.107630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The use of parahydrogen - the isomer of molecular hydrogen with zero nuclear spin - is important for promising and actively developing methods for spin hyperpolarization of nuclei called parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP). However, the dissolved parahydrogen in PHIP experiments quickly loses its spin order, resulting in the formation of orthohydrogen and reduction of the overall nuclear polarization of the substrate. This process is due to the difference of chemical shifts of hydride protons, as well as spin-spin couplings between nuclei, in the intermediate catalytic complexes, and it has not been rigorously explained so far. We proposed a new experimental technique based on magnetic field cycling for measuring the rate of molecular hydrogen para-ortho conversion in solution and applied it for non-hydrogenative PHIP Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) experiments. The para-ortho conversion rate was measured over a wide range of magnetic field from 0.5 mT to 9.4 T. It was found that the conversion rate strongly depends on the magnetic field in which the reaction occurs, as well as on the concentrations of reactants. The rate decreases with increasing the concentration of pyridine ligand and increases with increasing the concentration of iridium catalyst. The model, which takes into account the reversible exchange of molecular hydrogen with the catalyst, nuclear spin-spin interaction of hydride protons with nuclei of ligands within catalytic complex and nuclear Zeeman interactions, qualitatively describes the experimental data. Two types of complexes with different spin system symmetry contribute to the molecular hydrogen conversion. In asymmetric complexes possessing hydride protons with different chemical shifts due to the presence of chlorine anion ligand the para-ortho conversion rate increases with magnetic field, while for symmetric complexes this mechanism is not operable. In the magnetic field where level anti-crossing occurs the resonant feature for the rate of para-ortho conversion is found. The results of this work can be utilized for finding the optimal conditions for obtaining the maximum hyperpolarization in the experiments employing parahydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Snadin
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Natalia O Chuklina
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexey S Kiryutin
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Nikita N Lukzen
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexandra V Yurkovskaya
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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6
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Kempf N, Körber R, Plaumann M, Pravdivtsev AN, Engelmann J, Boldt J, Scheffler K, Theis T, Buckenmaier K. 13C MRI of hyperpolarized pyruvate at 120 µT. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4468. [PMID: 38396023 PMCID: PMC10891046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54770-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear spin hyperpolarization increases the sensitivity of magnetic resonance dramatically, enabling many new applications, including real-time metabolic imaging. Parahydrogen-based signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) was employed to hyperpolarize [1-13C]pyruvate and demonstrate 13C imaging in situ at 120 µT, about twice Earth's magnetic field, with two different signal amplification by reversible exchange variants: SABRE in shield enables alignment transfer to heteronuclei (SABRE-SHEATH), where hyperpolarization is transferred from parahydrogen to [1-13C]pyruvate at a magnetic field below 1 µT, and low-irradiation generates high tesla (LIGHT-SABRE), where hyperpolarization was prepared at 120 µT, avoiding magnetic field cycling. The 3-dimensional images of a phantom were obtained using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) based magnetic field detector with submillimeter resolution. These 13C images demonstrate the feasibility of low-field 13C metabolic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 50 mM [1-13C]pyruvate hyperpolarized by parahydrogen in reversible exchange imaged at about twice Earth's magnetic field. Using thermal 13C polarization available at 120 µT, the same experiment would have taken about 300 billion years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kempf
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rainer Körber
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center, Kiel University, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jörn Engelmann
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Boldt
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Departement of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Eberhard-Karls University, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Theis
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Departement of Chemistry and Physics, NC State University, Raleigh, 27695, USA
| | - Kai Buckenmaier
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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7
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Daley J, Siciliano J, Ferraro V, Sutter E, Lounsbery A, Whiting N. Temperature lowering of liquid nitrogen via injection of helium gas bubbles improves the generation of parahydrogen-enriched gas. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2024; 62:94-100. [PMID: 38173282 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The para spin isomer of hydrogen gas possesses high nuclear spin order that can enhance the NMR signals of a variety of molecular species. Hydrogen is routinely enriched in the para spin state by lowering the gas temperature while flowing through a catalyst. Although parahydrogen enrichments approaching 100% are achievable near the H2 liquefaction temperature of 20 K, many experimentalists operate at liquid nitrogen temperatures (77 K) due to the lower associated costs and overall simplicity of the parahydrogen generator. Parahydrogen that is generated at 77 K provides an enrichment value of ~51% of the para spin isomer; while useful, there are many applications that can benefit from low-cost access to higher parahydrogen enrichments. Here, we introduce a method of improving parahydrogen enrichment values using a liquid nitrogen-cooled generator that operates at temperatures less than 77 K. The boiling temperature of liquid nitrogen is lowered through internal evaporation into helium gas bubbles that are injected into the liquid. Changes to liquid nitrogen temperatures and parahydrogen enrichment values were monitored as a function of helium gas flow rate. The injected helium bubbles lowered the liquid nitrogen temperature to ~65.5 K, and parahydrogen enrichments of up to ~59% were achieved; this represents an ~16% improvement compared with the expected parahydrogen fraction at 77 K. This technique is simple to implement in standard liquid nitrogen-cooled parahydrogen generators and may be of interest to a wide range of scientists that require a cost-effective approach to improving parahydrogen enrichment values.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Daley
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joseph Siciliano
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vincent Ferraro
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Elodie Sutter
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Adam Lounsbery
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nicholas Whiting
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
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8
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Yeste J, Azagra M, Ortega MA, Portela A, Matajsz G, Herrero-Gómez A, Kim Y, Sriram R, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Marco-Rius I. Parallel detection of chemical reactions in a microfluidic platform using hyperpolarized nuclear magnetic resonance. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4950-4958. [PMID: 37906028 PMCID: PMC10661666 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00474k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity of NMR may be enhanced by more than four orders of magnitude via dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP), potentially allowing real-time, in situ analysis of chemical reactions. However, there has been no widespread use of the technique for this application and the major limitation has been the low experimental throughput caused by the time-consuming polarization build-up process at cryogenic temperatures and fast decay of the hyper-intense signal post dissolution. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a microfluidic device compatible with dDNP-MR spectroscopic imaging methods for detection of reactants and products in chemical reactions in which up to 8 reactions can be measured simultaneously using a single dDNP sample. Multiple MR spectroscopic data sets can be generated under the same exact conditions of hyperpolarized solute polarization, concentration, pH, and temperature. A proof-of-concept for the technology is demonstrated by identifying the reactants in the decarboxylation of pyruvate via hydrogen peroxide (e.g. 2-hydroperoxy-2-hydroxypropanoate, peroxymonocarbonate and CO2). dDNP-MR allows tracing of fast chemical reactions that would be barely detectable at thermal equilibrium by MR. We envisage that dDNP-MR spectroscopic imaging combined with microfluidics will provide a new high-throughput method for dDNP enhanced MR analysis of multiple components in chemical reactions and for non-destructive in situ metabolic analysis of hyperpolarized substrates in biological samples for laboratory and preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Yeste
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marc Azagra
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria A Ortega
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Portela
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gergő Matajsz
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alba Herrero-Gómez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Yaewon Kim
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Graduate program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Graduate program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Irene Marco-Rius
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
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9
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Najera D, Fout AR. Iron-Catalyzed Parahydrogen Induced Polarization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21086-21095. [PMID: 37698953 PMCID: PMC10863066 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) can address the low sensitivity problem intrinsic to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Using a catalyst capable of reacting with parahydrogen and substrate in either a hydrogenative or nonhydrogenative manner can result in signal enhancement of the substrate. This work describes the development of a rare example of an iron catalyst capable of reacting with parahydrogen to hyperpolarize olefins. Complexes of the form (MesCCC)Fe(H)(L)(N2) (L = Py (Py = pyridine), PMe3, PPh3) were synthesized from the reaction of the parent complexes (MesCCC)FeMes(L) (Mes = mesityl) with H2. The isolated low-spin iron(II) hydride compounds were characterized via multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. (MesCCC)Fe(H)(Py)(N2) is competent in the hydrogenation of olefins and demonstrated high activity toward the hydrogenation of monosubstituted terminal olefins. Reactions with p-H2 resulted in the first PHIP effect mediated by iron which requires diamagnetism throughout the reaction sequence. This work represents the development of a new PHIP catalyst featuring iron, unlocking potential to develop more PHIP catalysts based on first-row transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
C. Najera
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois
at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alison R. Fout
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
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10
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Theiss F, Wienands L, Lins J, Alcaraz-Janßen M, Thiele CM, Buntkowsky G. Parahydrogen-induced polarization enables the single-scan NMR detection of a 236 kDa biopolymer at nanomolar concentrations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10117. [PMID: 37344547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments utilizing parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) were performed to elucidate the PHIP activity of the synthetic 236 kDa biopolymer poly-γ-(4-propargyloxy)-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PPOBLG). The homopolypeptide was successfully hyperpolarized and the enhanced signals were detected in 11.7 T solution NMR as a function of the PPOBLG concentration. The hydrogenation with parahydrogen caused signal enhancements of 800 and more for the vinyl protons of the side chain at low substrate concentration. As a result of this high enhancement factor, even at 13 nM of PPOBLG, a single scan 1H-NMR detection of the hyperpolarized protons was possible, owing to the combination of hyperpolarization and density of PHIP active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Theiss
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Laura Wienands
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jonas Lins
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marcel Alcaraz-Janßen
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 16, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christina M Thiele
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 16, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
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11
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Lins J, Miloslavina YA, Carrara SC, Rösler L, Hofmann S, Herr K, Theiß F, Wienands L, Avrutina O, Kolmar H, Buntkowsky G. Parahydrogen-induced polarization allows 2000-fold signal enhancement in biologically active derivatives of the peptide-based drug octreotide. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6388. [PMID: 37076553 PMCID: PMC10115808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33577-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, has shown its efficacy for the diagnostics and treatment of various types of cancer, i.e., in octreotide scan, as radio-marker after labelling with a radiopharmaceutical. To avoid toxicity of radio-labeling, octreotide-based assays can be implemented into magnetic resonance techniques, such as MRI and NMR. Here we used a Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization (PHIP) approach as a cheap, fast and straightforward method. Introduction of L-propargyl tyrosine as a PHIP marker at different positions of octreotide by manual Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS) led to up to 2000-fold proton signal enhancement (SE). Cell binding studies confirmed that all octreotide variants retained strong binding affinity to the surface of human-derived cancer cells expressing somatostatin receptor 2. The hydrogenation reactions were successfully performed in methanol and under physiologically compatible mixtures of water with methanol or ethanol. The presented results open up new application areas of biochemical and pharmacological studies with octreotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lins
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Yuliya A Miloslavina
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefania C Carrara
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lorenz Rösler
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sarah Hofmann
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kevin Herr
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Franziska Theiß
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Laura Wienands
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Olga Avrutina
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
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12
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Wang W, Wang Q, Xu J, Deng F. Understanding Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation by Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization NMR Spectroscopy. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Wang
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Deng
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Reconversion of Parahydrogen Gas in Surfactant-Coated Glass NMR Tubes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052329. [PMID: 36903572 PMCID: PMC10004819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of parahydrogen gas to enhance the magnetic resonance signals of a diversity of chemical species has increased substantially in the last decade. Parahydrogen is prepared by lowering the temperature of hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst; this enriches the para spin isomer beyond its normal abundance of 25% at thermal equilibrium. Indeed, parahydrogen fractions that approach unity can be attained at sufficiently low temperatures. Once enriched, the gas will revert to its normal isomeric ratio over the course of hours or days, depending on the surface chemistry of the storage container. Although parahydrogen enjoys long lifetimes when stored in aluminum cylinders, the reconversion rate is significantly faster in glass containers due to the prevalence of paramagnetic impurities that are present within the glass. This accelerated reconversion is especially relevant for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) applications due to the use of glass sample tubes. The work presented here investigates how the parahydrogen reconversion rate is affected by surfactant coatings on the inside surface of valved borosilicate glass NMR sample tubes. Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor changes to the ratio of the (J: 0 → 2) vs. (J: 1 → 3) transitions that are indicative of the para and ortho spin isomers, respectively. Nine different silane and siloxane-based surfactants of varying size and branching structures were examined, and most increased the parahydrogen reconversion time by 1.5×-2× compared with equivalent sample tubes that were not treated with surfactant. This includes expanding the pH2 reconversion time from 280 min in a control sample to 625 min when the same tube is coated with (3-Glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane.
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14
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Saul P, Schröder L, Schmidt AB, Hövener JB. Nanomaterials for hyperpolarized nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023:e1879. [PMID: 36781151 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials play an important role in the development and application of hyperpolarized materials for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this context they can not only act as hyperpolarized materials which are directly imaged but also play a role as carriers for hyperpolarized gases and catalysts for para-hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) to generate hyperpolarized substrates for metabolic imaging. Those three application possibilities are discussed, focusing on carbon-based materials for the directly imaged particles. An overview over recent developments in all three fields is given, including the early developments in each field as well as important steps towards applications in MRI, such as making the initially developed methods more biocompatible and first imaging experiments with spatial resolution in either phantoms or in vivo studies. Focusing on the important features nanomaterials need to display to be applicable in the MRI context, a wide range of different approaches to that extent is covered, giving the reader a general idea of different possibilities as well as recent developments in those different fields of hyperpolarized magnetic resonance. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Saul
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Leif Schröder
- Division of Translational Molecular Imaging, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas B Schmidt
- Intergrative Biosciences (Ibio), Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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15
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Gyton M, Royle CG, Beaumont SK, Duckett SB, Weller AS. Mechanistic Insights into Molecular Crystalline Organometallic Heterogeneous Catalysis through Parahydrogen-Based Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2619-2629. [PMID: 36688560 PMCID: PMC9896567 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous solid-gas reactions of crystals of [Rh(L2)(propene)][BArF4] (1, L2 = tBu2PCH2CH2PtBu2) with H2 and propene, 1-butene, propyne, or 1-butyne are explored by gas-phase nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy under batch conditions at 25 °C. The temporal evolution of the resulting parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) effects measures catalytic flux and thus interrogates the efficiency of catalytic pairwise para-H2 transfer, speciation changes in the crystalline catalyst at the molecular level, and allows for high-quality single-scan 1H, 13C NMR gas-phase spectra for the products to be obtained, as well as 2D-measurements. Complex 1 reacts with H2 to form dimeric [Rh(L2)(H)(μ-H)]2[BArF4]2 (4), as probed using EXAFS; meanwhile, a single-crystal of 1 equilibrates NMR silent para-H2 with its NMR active ortho isomer, contemporaneously converting into 4, and 1 and 4 each convert para-H2 into ortho-H2 at different rates. Hydrogenation of propene using 1 and para-H2 results in very high initial polarization levels in propane (>85%). Strong PHIP was also detected in the hydrogenation products of 1-butene, propyne, and 1-butyne. With propyne, a competing cyclotrimerization deactivation process occurs to afford [Rh(tBu2PCH2CH2PtBu2)(1,3,4-Me3C6H3)][BArF4], while with 1-butyne, rapid isomerization of 1-butyne occurs to give a butadiene complex, which then reacts with H2 more slowly to form catalytically active 4. Surprisingly, the high PHIP hydrogenation efficiencies allow hyperpolarization effects to be seen when H2 is taken directly from a regular cylinder at 25 °C. Finally, changing the chelating phosphine to Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2 results in initial high polarization efficiencies for propene hydrogenation, but rapid quenching of the catalyst competes to form the zwitterion [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2){η6-(CF3)2(C6H3)}BArF3].
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
R. Gyton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.,Centre
for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Cameron G. Royle
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.,Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Simon K. Beaumont
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.,Centre
for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.,
| | - Andrew S. Weller
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.,
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16
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Zlobina VV, Kiryutin AS, Nikovskiy IA, Artyushin OI, Kozinenko VP, Peregudov AS, Yurkovskaya AV, Novikov VV. Parahydrogen-Induced Hyperpolarization of Unsaturated Phosphoric Acid Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010557. [PMID: 36613997 PMCID: PMC9820518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Parahydrogen-induced nuclear polarization offers a significant increase in the sensitivity of NMR spectroscopy to create new probes for medical diagnostics by magnetic resonance imaging. As precursors of the biocompatible hyperpolarized probes, unsaturated derivatives of phosphoric acid, propargyl and allyl phosphates, are proposed. The polarization transfer to 1H and 31P nuclei of the products of their hydrogenation by parahydrogen under the ALTADENA and PASADENA conditions, and by the PH-ECHO-INEPT+ pulse sequence of NMR spectroscopy, resulted in a very high signal amplification, which is among the largest for parahydrogen-induced nuclear polarization transfer to the 31P nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika V. Zlobina
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, Institutskiy per. 9, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Alexey S. Kiryutin
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str. 3A, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, 30090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor A. Nikovskiy
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg I. Artyushin
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly P. Kozinenko
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str. 3A, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, 30090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Peregudov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra V. Yurkovskaya
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str. 3A, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, 30090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentin V. Novikov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, Institutskiy per. 9, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- BMSTU Center of National Technological Initiative “Digital Material Science: New Material and Substances”, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya Str. 5, 105005 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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17
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Geometrization for Energy Levels of Isotropic Hyperfine Hamiltonian Block and Related Central Spin Problems for an Arbitrarily Complex Set of Spin-1/2 Nuclei. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315199. [PMID: 36499535 PMCID: PMC9739289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Description of interacting spin systems relies on understanding the spectral properties of the corresponding spin Hamiltonians. However, the eigenvalue problems arising here lead to algebraic problems too complex to be analytically tractable. This is already the case for the simplest nontrivial (Kmax−1) block for an isotropic hyperfine Hamiltonian for a radical with spin-12 nuclei, where n nuclei produce an n-th order algebraic equation with n independent parameters. Systems described by such blocks are now physically realizable, e.g., as radicals or radical pairs with polarized nuclear spins, appear as closed subensembles in more general radical settings, and have numerous counterparts in related central spin problems. We provide a simple geometrization of energy levels in this case: given n spin-12 nuclei with arbitrary positive couplings ai, take an n-dimensional hyper-ellipsoid with semiaxes ai, stretch it by a factor of n+1 along the spatial diagonal (1, 1, …, 1), read off the semiaxes of thus produced new hyper-ellipsoid qi, augment the set {qi} with q0=0, and obtain the sought n+1 energies as Ek=−12qk2+14∑iai. This procedure provides a way of seeing things that can only be solved numerically, giving a useful tool to gain insights that complement the numeric simulations usually inevitable here, and shows an intriguing connection to discrete Fourier transform and spectral properties of standard graphs.
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18
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Salnikov OG, Trofimov IA, Pravdivtsev AN, Them K, Hövener JB, Chekmenev EY, Koptyug IV. Through-Space Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Signal Enhancement Induced by Parahydrogen and Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15010-15017. [PMID: 36264746 PMCID: PMC10007960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (i.e., polarized far beyond the thermal equilibrium) nuclear spins can result in the radiofrequency amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (RASER) effect. Here, we show the utility of RASER to amplify nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals of solute and solvent molecules in the liquid state. Specifically, parahydrogen-induced RASER was used to spontaneously enhance nuclear spin polarization of protons and heteronuclei (here 19F and 31P) in a wide range of molecules. The magnitude of the effect correlates with the T1 relaxation time of the target nuclear spins. A series of control experiments validate the through-space dipolar mechanism of the RASER-assisted polarization transfer between the parahydrogen-polarized compound and to-be-hyperpolarized nuclei of the target molecule. Frequency-selective saturation of the RASER-active resonances was used to control the RASER and the amplitude of spontaneous polarization transfer. Spin dynamics simulations support our experimental RASER studies. The enhanced NMR sensitivity may benefit various NMR applications such as mixture analysis, metabolomics, and structure determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G. Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ivan A. Trofimov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein and Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kolja Them
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein and Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein and Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 14 Leninskiy Pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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19
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Norcott PL. Selective NMR detection of individual reaction components hyperpolarised by reversible exchange with para-hydrogen. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13527-13533. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01657e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy can sometimes be hampered by two inherent weaknesses: low sensitivity and overlap of signals in complex mixtures. Hyperpolarisation techniques using para-hydrogen (including the method known as SABRE) can...
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