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Gu X, Zhang S, Ma W. Prussian blue nanotechnology in the treatment of spinal cord injury: application and challenges. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1474711. [PMID: 39323764 PMCID: PMC11422158 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1474711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious neurological condition that currently lacks effective treatments, placing a heavy burden on both patients and society. Prussian blue nanoparticles exhibit great potential for treating spinal cord injuries due to their excellent physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. These nanoparticles have strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities, effectively scavenge free radicals, and reduce oxidative stress damage to cells. Prussian blue nanotechnology shows broad application potential in drug delivery, bioimaging, cancer therapy, anti-inflammatory and oxidative stress treatment, and biosensors. This article reviewed the potential applications of Prussian blue nanotechnology in treating spinal cord injuries, explored the challenges and solutions associated with its application, and discussed the future prospects of this technology in SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoPeng Gu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopedics, NingBo NO.6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Guhechuan Hospital, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
- Zhoushan Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - SongOu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - WeiHu Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, NingBo NO.6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Mohammadi A, Bagheri F, Abutalebi Y, Aghaei A, Danafar H. Platinum nanoparticles-embedded single-walled carbon nanotubes as a new carrier for curcumin delivery and investigating its anticancer effect on cell line 4T1. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33703. [PMID: 39027555 PMCID: PMC11255493 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer, a prevalent disease across various societies, presents a significant challenge in treatment research. Studies show that combination therapies are one of the methods that can help in the effective treatment of cancer. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are among the main cancer treatments and in this project, for combined chemoradiotherapy treatment, carbon nanotubes were used as improved carriers of chemotherapy in tumors, as well as a substrate for the preparation of radiation sensitizers for local radiation therapy. Following the synthesis of CNT-Platinum-Curcumin nanoparticles (CNT-Pt-CUR), a series of analyses were conducted to verify the successful production of these nanoparticles. Techniques such as Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were employed. The characterization data revealed a spherical shape Pt nanoparticle morphology with an 8.5 nm diameter on rod-shape CNT, as observed through TEM. Furthermore, FTIR analysis confirmed the successful loaded of the drug into the nanoparticles, highlighting the potential of this approach in cancer treatment. Then, hemolysis and (3(-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) tests on normal cells were used to assess the biocompatibility of CNT-Pt-CUR nanoparticles. It also explored the anticancer efficacy of these nanoparticles at varying concentrations against cancer cells, both with and without exposure to X-rays. The research confirmed the successful synthesis of these nanoparticles and demonstrated their potential impact on cell viability. Specifically, breast cancer cells exhibited heightened susceptibility to toxicity when exposed to nanoparticles and X-rays. Further analysis revealed that the toxicity of nanoparticles is dose-dependent, and modifying the surface of carbon nanotube (CNT) nanoparticles with CUR significantly reduced blood toxicity. Interestingly, nanoparticle toxicity was significantly amplified in the presence of X-rays, suggesting mechanisms such as DNA damage and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammadi
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Fariba Bagheri
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Yasamin Abutalebi
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Afsoon Aghaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Danafar
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Nuti S, Fernández-Lodeiro J, Palomo JM, Capelo-Martinez JL, Lodeiro C, Fernández-Lodeiro A. Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Peroxidase-Mimicking Activity of AuPt Branched Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1166. [PMID: 38998771 PMCID: PMC11243270 DOI: 10.3390/nano14131166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Bimetallic nanomaterials have generated significant interest across diverse scientific disciplines, due to their unique and tunable properties arising from the synergistic combination of two distinct metallic elements. This study presents a novel approach for synthesizing branched gold-platinum nanoparticles by utilizing poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)-stabilized branched gold nanoparticles, with a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) response of around 1000 nm, as a template for platinum deposition. This approach allows precise control over nanoparticle size, the LSPR band, and the branching degree at an ambient temperature, without the need for high temperatures or organic solvents. The resulting AuPt branched nanoparticles not only demonstrate optical activity but also enhanced catalytic properties. To evaluate their catalytic potential, we compared the enzymatic capabilities of gold and gold-platinum nanoparticles by examining their peroxidase-like activity in the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). Our findings revealed that the incorporation of platinum onto the gold surface substantially enhanced the catalytic efficiency, highlighting the potential of these bimetallic nanoparticles in catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Nuti
- BIOSCOPE Research Group, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Javier Fernández-Lodeiro
- BIOSCOPE Research Group, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- PROTEOMASS Scientific Society, Praceta Jerónimo Dias, Num. 12, 2A, Sto António de Caparica, 2825-466 Costa de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jose M Palomo
- Instituto de Catalisis y Petroleoquimica (ICP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José-Luis Capelo-Martinez
- BIOSCOPE Research Group, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- PROTEOMASS Scientific Society, Praceta Jerónimo Dias, Num. 12, 2A, Sto António de Caparica, 2825-466 Costa de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carlos Lodeiro
- BIOSCOPE Research Group, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- PROTEOMASS Scientific Society, Praceta Jerónimo Dias, Num. 12, 2A, Sto António de Caparica, 2825-466 Costa de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Adrián Fernández-Lodeiro
- BIOSCOPE Research Group, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- PROTEOMASS Scientific Society, Praceta Jerónimo Dias, Num. 12, 2A, Sto António de Caparica, 2825-466 Costa de Caparica, Portugal
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Cui X, Yang X, Liu Z, Jiang W, Wan J, Liu Y, Ma F. Construction of CoNi 2S 4/Co 9S 8@Co 4S 3 nanocubes derived from Ni-Co prussian blue analogues@cobalt carbonate hydroxide core-shell heterostructure for asymmetric supercapacitor. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 661:614-628. [PMID: 38310770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Construction of Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) with heterostructure is beneficial to preparing PBAs derivatives with superior electrochemical performance. In this work, the core-shell nanostructured nanocubes composed of nickel hexacyanocobalt PBA (NiCo-PBA)@cobalt carbonate hydroxide (CCH) are synthesized through an in-situ epitaxial growth strategy, and the formation mechanisms of coating are carefully validated and specifically discussed. Then, the precursors are successfully transformed into hierarchical CoNi2S4/Co9S8@Co4S3 via the gas-phase vulcanization method. Benefiting from the intriguing heterostructure and multicomponent sulfides, the CoNi2S4/Co9S8@Co4S3-80 electrode exhibits a high specific capacity of 799 ± 16C/g (specific capacitance of 1595 ± 31F/g) at 1 A/g, ultra-high capacity retention of 80 % at a high current density of 20 A/g. The assembled asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device delivers a high energy density of 43.3 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 899 W kg-1 and exhibits superior cycling stability with the capacity retention of 88 % after 5,000 cycles. Subsequently, the fabricated all-solid-state ASC device shows an excellent energy density of 36.4 Wh kg-1 with a power density of 824 W kg-1. This work proposing rational design of combining multicomponent sulfides and core-shell heterostructure based on PBA nanocubes opens up a novel route for developing asymmetric supercapacitor electrode materials with superior performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Processes & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion (College of Heilongjiang Province), School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Xiaoyang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Processes & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion (College of Heilongjiang Province), School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Zeyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Processes & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion (College of Heilongjiang Province), School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Processes & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion (College of Heilongjiang Province), School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Jiafeng Wan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Processes & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion (College of Heilongjiang Province), School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yifu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Processes & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion (College of Heilongjiang Province), School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Fangwei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Processes & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion (College of Heilongjiang Province), School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
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Rad ME, Soylukan C, Kulabhusan PK, Günaydın BN, Yüce M. Material and Design Toolkit for Drug Delivery: State of the Art, Trends, and Challenges. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:55201-55231. [PMID: 37994836 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The nanomaterial and related toolkit have promising applications for improving human health and well-being. Nanobased drug delivery systems use nanoscale materials as carriers to deliver therapeutic agents in a targeted and controlled manner, and they have shown potential to address issues associated with conventional drug delivery systems. They offer benefits for treating various illnesses by encapsulating or conjugating biological agents, chemotherapeutic drugs, and immunotherapeutic agents. The potential applications of this technology are vast; however, significant challenges exist to overcome such as safety issues, toxicity, efficacy, and insufficient capacity. This article discusses the latest developments in drug delivery systems, including drug release mechanisms, material toolkits, related design molecules, and parameters. The concluding section examines the limitations and provides insights into future possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Esmaeili Rad
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Caner Soylukan
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | | | - Beyza Nur Günaydın
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Meral Yüce
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
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Nyabadza A, McCarthy É, Makhesana M, Heidarinassab S, Plouze A, Vazquez M, Brabazon D. A review of physical, chemical and biological synthesis methods of bimetallic nanoparticles and applications in sensing, water treatment, biomedicine, catalysis and hydrogen storage. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 321:103010. [PMID: 37804661 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
This article provides an in-depth analysis of various fabrication methods of bimetallic nanoparticles (BNP), including chemical, biological, and physical techniques. The review explores BNP's diverse uses, from well-known applications such as sensing water treatment and biomedical uses to less-studied areas like breath sensing for diabetes monitoring and hydrogen storage. It cites results from over 1000 researchers worldwide and >300 peer-reviewed articles. Additionally, the article discusses current trends, actionable recommendations, and the importance of synthetic analysis for industry players looking to optimize manufacturing techniques for specific applications. The article also evaluates the pros and cons of various fabrication methods, highlighting the potential of plant extract synthesis for mass production of capped BNPs. However, it warns that this method may not be suitable for certain applications requiring ligand-free surfaces. In contrast, physical methods like laser ablation offer better control and reactivity, especially for applications where ligand-free surfaces are critical. The report underscores the environmental benefits of plant extract synthesis compared to chemical methods that use hazardous chemicals and pose risks to extraction, production, and disposal. The article emphasizes the need for life cycle assessment (LCA) articles in the literature, given the growing volume of research on nanotechnology materials. This article caters to researchers at all stages and applies to various fields applying nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anesu Nyabadza
- I-Form Advanced Manufacturing Centre Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; EPSRC & SFI Centre for Doctoral Training (CDT) in Advanced Metallic Systems, School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Éanna McCarthy
- I-Form Advanced Manufacturing Centre Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Mayur Makhesana
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Saeid Heidarinassab
- I-Form Advanced Manufacturing Centre Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; EPSRC & SFI Centre for Doctoral Training (CDT) in Advanced Metallic Systems, School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Anouk Plouze
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; Conservatoire National des arts et Métiers (CNAM), 61 Rue du Landy, 93210 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Mercedes Vazquez
- I-Form Advanced Manufacturing Centre Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; EPSRC & SFI Centre for Doctoral Training (CDT) in Advanced Metallic Systems, School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Dermot Brabazon
- I-Form Advanced Manufacturing Centre Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; EPSRC & SFI Centre for Doctoral Training (CDT) in Advanced Metallic Systems, School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Yang K, Dong Y, Li X, Wang F, Zhang Y. Dual-targeted delivery of paclitaxel and indocyanine green with aptamer-modified ferritin for synergetic chemo-phototherapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 229:113437. [PMID: 37437411 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The combination of phototherapy and chemotherapy has become attractive and effective cancer treatment. However, the accurate delivery of both chemo-phototherapy drugs to the target site as well as the development of high-efficient phototherapy and chemotherapy drugs remain major challenges. In this study, indocyanine green (ICG) and paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded aptamer ferritin (HAS1411-PTX-ICG) was developed as a biocompatible nanoplatform for combined chemo/photothermal/photodynamic (PTT/PDT) therapy that was safe and highly effective against tumors. HAS1411 was prepared by coupling aptamer AS1411 to the surface of human H chain ferritin (HFtn) by the carbon diimide method to further enhance the targeting of HFtn. Both ICG and PTX were effectively encapsulated in the HAS1411 by incubation at 60 ℃. Moreover, under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation, HAS1411 enhanced the photothermal effect and cell internalization of ICG, as well as the production of reactive oxygen species in cancer cells. HAS1411-PTX-ICG displayed effective cytotoxicity and a significant tumor spheroids inhibitory effect owning to the improved internalization of PTX and ICG mediated by TfR1 and nucleolin dual receptors. Co-loaded PTX combined with ICG can produce chemo/PTT/PDT under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation, enhancing the anti-tumor effect. The dual-targeting HAS1411 nanocarrier developed in this study can be a promising delivery system for cancer therapy and the fabricated HAS1411-PTX-ICG possesses potential application in chemo-phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Ago-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Yixin Dong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Ago-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Xun Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Ago-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Ago-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Ago-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
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Narwade M, Shaikh A, Gajbhiye KR, Kesharwani P, Gajbhiye V. Advanced cancer targeting using aptamer functionalized nanocarriers for site-specific cargo delivery. Biomater Res 2023; 27:42. [PMID: 37149607 PMCID: PMC10164340 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-specificity of standard anticancer therapies has profound detrimental consequences in clinical treatment. Therapeutic specificity can be precisely achieved using cutting-edge ligands. Small synthetic oligonucleotide-ligands chosen through Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) would be an unceasing innovation in using nucleic acids as aptamers, frequently referred to as "chemical antibodies." Aptamers act as externally controlled switching materials that can attach to various substrates, for example, membrane proteins or nucleic acid structures. Aptamers pose excellent specificity and affinity for target molecules and can be used as medicines to suppress tumor cell growth directly. The creation of aptamer-conjugated nanoconstructs has recently opened up innovative options in cancer therapy that are more effective and target tumor cells with minor toxicity to healthy tissues. This review focuses on a comprehensive description of the most capable classes of aptamer-tethered nanocarriers for precise recognition of cancer cells with significant development in proficiency, selectivity, and targetability for cancer therapy. Existing theranostic applications with the problems and future directions are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahavir Narwade
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Aazam Shaikh
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, 411004, India
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411 007, India
| | - Kavita R Gajbhiye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, India.
| | - Virendra Gajbhiye
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, 411004, India.
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411 007, India.
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