1
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Saha NK, Salvia WS, Konkolewicz D, Hartley CS. Transient Covalent Polymers through Carbodiimide-Driven Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404933. [PMID: 38772695 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Biochemical systems make use of out-of-equilibrium polymers generated under kinetic control. Inspired by these systems, many abiotic supramolecular polymers driven by chemical fuel reactions have been reported. Conversely, polymers based on transient covalent bonds have received little attention, even though they have the potential to complement supramolecular systems by generating transient structures based on stronger bonds and by offering a straightforward tuning of reaction kinetics. In this study, we show that simple aqueous dicarboxylic acids give poly(anhydrides) when treated with the carbodiimide EDC. Transient covalent polymers with molecular weights exceeding 15,000 are generated which then decompose over the course of hours to weeks. Disassembly kinetics can be controlled using simple substituent effects in the monomer design. The impact of solvent polarity, carbodiimide concentration, temperature, pyridine concentration, and monomer concentration on polymer properties and lifetimes has been investigated. The results reveal substantial control over polymer assembly and disassembly kinetics, highlighting the potential for fine-tuned kinetic control in nonequilibrium polymerization systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirob K Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, United States
| | - William S Salvia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, United States
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, United States
| | - C Scott Hartley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, United States
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2
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Rijns L, Baker MB, Dankers PYW. Using Chemistry To Recreate the Complexity of the Extracellular Matrix: Guidelines for Supramolecular Hydrogel-Cell Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17539-17558. [PMID: 38888174 PMCID: PMC11229007 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels have emerged as a promising class of extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking materials in regenerative medicine. Here, we briefly describe current state-of-the-art of ECM-mimicking hydrogels, ranging from natural to hybrid to completely synthetic versions, giving the prelude to the importance of supramolecular interactions to make true ECM mimics. The potential of supramolecular interactions to create ECM mimics for cell culture is illustrated through a focus on two different supramolecular hydrogel systems, both developed in our laboratories. We use some recent, significant findings to present important design principles underlying the cell-material interaction. To achieve cell spreading, we propose that slow molecular dynamics (monomer exchange within fibers) is crucial to ensure the robust incorporation of cell adhesion ligands within supramolecular fibers. Slow bulk dynamics (stress-relaxation─fiber rearrangements, τ1/2 ≈ 1000 s) is required to achieve cell spreading in soft gels (<1 kPa), while gel stiffness overrules dynamics in stiffer gels. Importantly, this resonates with the findings of others which specialize in different material types: cell spreading is impaired in case substrate relaxation occurs faster than clutch binding and focal adhesion lifetime. We conclude with discussing considerations and limitations of the supramolecular approach as well as provide a forward thinking perspective to further understand supramolecular hydrogel-cell interactions. Future work may utilize the presented guidelines underlying cell-material interactions to not only arrive at the next generation of ECM-mimicking hydrogels but also advance other fields, such as bioelectronics, opening up new opportunities for innovative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rijns
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew B. Baker
- Department
of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department
of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology
Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht
University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Y. W. Dankers
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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3
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Lee YM, Lu ZW, Wu YC, Liao YJ, Kuo CY. An injectable, chitosan-based hydrogel prepared by Schiff base reaction for anti-bacterial and sustained release applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131808. [PMID: 38697439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels, providing sustained release as implanted materials, have received tremendous attention. In this study, chitosan-based hydrogels were prepared via Schiff base reaction of the aldehyde groups on Poly(NIPAM-co-FBEMA) and the amine groups on chitosan. Owing to the dynamic covalent linkage, the SC/PNF hydrogels exhibit pH-responsive, reversible sol-gel transition, injectable, and self-healing capacity. The mechanical strength of SC/PNF hydrogels can be operated simply by switching the composition or solid content of Poly(NIPAM-co-FBEMA) copolymers. Rheological analyses, including frequency sweeps, strain sweep scanning, and dynamic time sweeps, were employed to demonstrate the relationship between storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G″), and composition of the SC/PNF hydrogels. In vitro release behaviors reveal that vancomycin-loaded SC/PNF hydrogel could contribute to both the initial burst release (over 1000 ppm within 4 h) and the sustained release (3000 ppm for at least 30 days). Pristine SC/PNF hydrogel holds good biocompatibility toward L929 cells and S. aureus that it degrades as incubated with S. aureus. However, vancomycin-wrapped SC/PNF hydrogel possesses a rapid bacterial-killing effect with a clear inhibition zone. In short, the SC/PNF hydrogels deliver not only sustainable release ability but also tunable physical properties, which are expected to be an outstanding candidate for non-invasive, anti-infection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Wei Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Ci Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Jie Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei City, Taiwan.
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4
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Gallego L, Woods JF, Butti R, Szwedziak P, Vargas Jentzsch A, Rickhaus M. Shape-Assisted Self-Assembly of Hexa-Substituted Carpyridines into 1D Supramolecular Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318879. [PMID: 38237056 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The extent of the influence that molecular curvature plays on the self-assembly of supramolecular polymers remains an open question in the field. We began addressing this fundamental question with the introduction of "carpyridines", which are saddle-shaped monomers that can associate with one another through π-π interactions and in which the rotational and translational movements are restricted. The topography displayed by the monomers led, previously, to the assembly of highly ordered 2D materials even in the absence of strong directional interactions such as hydrogen bonding. Here, we introduce a simple strategy to gain control over the dimensionality of the formed structures yielding classical unidimensional polymers. These have been characterized using well-established protocols allowing us to determine and confirm the self-assembly mechanism of both fibers and sheets. The calculated interaction energies are significantly higher than expected for flexible self-assembling units lacking classical "strong" non-covalent interactions. The versatility of this supramolecular unit to assemble into either supramolecular fibers or 2D sheets with strong association energies highlights remarkably well the potential and importance of molecular shape for the design of supramolecular materials and the applications thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Gallego
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joseph F Woods
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rachele Butti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Szwedziak
- Centre for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Vargas Jentzsch
- SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, Rue du Loess 23, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Rickhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
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5
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Nan M, Guo K, Jia T, Wang G, Liu S. Novel Acid-Driven Bioinspired Self-Resettable Bilayer Hydrogel Actuator Mimicking Natural Muscles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9224-9230. [PMID: 38335011 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Soft robots have great potential applications in manufacturing, disaster rescue, medical treatment, etc. Artificial muscle is one of the most important components of a soft robot. In previous years, hydrogel actuators that can be controllably deformed by the stimuli of external signals have been developed as good candidates for muscle-like materials. In this article, we successfully prepared a chemical fuel-driven self-resettable bilayer hydrogel actuator mimicking natural muscles with the aid of a new negative feedback reaction network. The actuator can temporarily deform upon the addition of H+ (chemical fuel). Subsequently, H+ accelerated the reaction between BrO3- and Fe(CN)64-, which consume H+. It resulted in the spontaneous recovery of the pH as well as the shape of the actuator. Such an actuator exhibits a great similarity with natural muscles in actuation mechanisms and automaticity in the manipulation compared to the widely reported stimuli-responsive hydrogel actuators. This illustrates that fuel-driven self-resettable hydrogel is a promising dynamic material for mimicking the functions of living creatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Nan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040 People's Republic of China
| | - Kangle Guo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040 People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jia
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040 People's Republic of China
| | - Guangtong Wang
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqin Liu
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, People's Republic of China
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6
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Nath D, Ralhan J, Joseph JP, Miglani C, Pal A. Thermoresponsive Injectable Hydrogel To Mimic the Heat- and Strain-Stiffening Behavior of Biopolymers toward Muscle Cell Proliferation. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:853-863. [PMID: 38214450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels with nonlinear mechanical attributes to emulate natural biopolymers hold paramount significance in tissue engineering, offering the potential to create scaffolds that seamlessly mimic the biomechanical intricacies of living tissues. Herein, we unveil a synthetic design strategy employing Schiff base chemistry to furnish a peptide-polymer hierarchical contractile injectable hydrogel network. This innovative design demonstrates cross-linking of supramolecular peptide nanostructures such as nanofibers, 1NF, and twisted bundles, 1TB, with a thermosensitive aldehyde-functionalized polymer, PCHO. These networks exhibit interesting nonlinear mechanical stiffening responses to temperature and external stress. Furthermore, the hydrogels transform into a gel state at physiological temperature to exhibit injectable behavior and demonstrate compression load-bearing capabilities. Finally, the hydrogel network exhibits excellent biocompatibility and cell proliferation toward fibroblast, L929, and myoblast, C2C12, to validate their use as potential extracellular matrix mimetic injectable scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Nath
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Jahanvi Ralhan
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Jojo P Joseph
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Chirag Miglani
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Asish Pal
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
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7
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Wu X, Sun Y, Yu J, Miserez A. Tuning the viscoelastic properties of peptide coacervates by single amino acid mutations and salt kosmotropicity. Commun Chem 2024; 7:5. [PMID: 38177438 PMCID: PMC10766971 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Coacervation, or liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of biomacromolecules, is increasingly recognized to play an important role both intracellularly and in the extracellular space. Central questions that remain to be addressed are the links between the material properties of coacervates (condensates) and both the primary and the secondary structures of their constitutive building blocks. Short LLPS-prone peptides, such as GY23 variants explored in this study, are ideal model systems to investigate these links because simple sequence modifications and the chemical environment strongly affect the viscoelastic properties of coacervates. Herein, a systematic investigation of the structure/property relationships of peptide coacervates was conducted using GY23 variants, combining biophysical characterization (plate rheology and surface force apparatus, SFA) with secondary structure investigations by infrared (IR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Mutating specific residues into either more hydrophobic or more hydrophilic residues strongly regulates the viscoelastic properties of GY23 coacervates. Furthermore, the ionic strength and kosmotropic characteristics (Hofmeister series) of the buffer in which LLPS is induced also significantly impact the properties of formed coacervates. Structural investigations by CD and IR indicate a direct correlation between variations in properties induced by endogenous (peptide sequence) or exogenous (ionic strength, kosmotropic characteristics, aging) factors and the β-sheet content within coacervates. These findings provide valuable insights to rationally design short peptide coacervates with programmable materials properties that are increasingly used in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wu
- Biological and Biomimetic Material Laboratory (BBML), Center for Sustainable Materials (SusMat), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Yue Sun
- Biological and Biomimetic Material Laboratory (BBML), Center for Sustainable Materials (SusMat), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553, Singapore.
- Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553, Singapore.
| | - Ali Miserez
- Biological and Biomimetic Material Laboratory (BBML), Center for Sustainable Materials (SusMat), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553, Singapore.
- School of Biological Sciences, 60 Nanyang Drive, NTU, Singapore, 636921, Singapore.
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8
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Späth F, Maier AS, Stasi M, Bergmann AM, Halama K, Wenisch M, Rieger B, Boekhoven J. The Role of Chemically Innocent Polyanions in Active, Chemically Fueled Complex Coacervate Droplets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309318. [PMID: 37549224 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Complex coacervation describes the liquid-liquid phase separation of oppositely charged polymers. Active coacervates are droplets in which one of the electrolyte's affinity is regulated by chemical reactions. These droplets are particularly interesting because they are tightly regulated by reaction kinetics. For example, they serve as a model for membraneless organelles that are also often regulated by biochemical transformations such as post-translational modifications. They are also a great protocell model or could be used to synthesize life-they spontaneously emerge in response to reagents, compete, and decay when all nutrients have been consumed. However, the role of the unreactive building blocks, e.g., the polymeric compounds, is poorly understood. Here, we show the important role of the chemically innocent, unreactive polyanion of our chemically fueled coacervation droplets. We show that the polyanion drastically influences the resulting droplets' life cycle without influencing the chemical reaction cycle-either they are very dynamic or have a delayed dissolution. Additionally, we derive a mechanistic understanding of our observations and show how additives and rational polymer design help to create the desired coacervate emulsion life cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Späth
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Anton S Maier
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Michele Stasi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander M Bergmann
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Kerstin Halama
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Monika Wenisch
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Job Boekhoven
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
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9
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Chen X, Würbser MA, Boekhoven J. Chemically Fueled Supramolecular Materials. ACCOUNTS OF MATERIALS RESEARCH 2023; 4:416-426. [PMID: 37256081 PMCID: PMC10226104 DOI: 10.1021/accountsmr.2c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In biology, the function of many molecules is regulated through nonequilibrium chemical reaction cycles. The prototypical example is the phosphorylation of an amino acid in an enzyme which induces a functional change, e.g., it folds or unfolds, assembles or disassembles, or binds a substrate. Such phosphorylation does not occur spontaneously but requires a phosphorylating agent with high chemical potential (for example, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)) to be converted into a molecule with lower chemical potential (adenosine diphosphate (ADP)). When this energy is used to regulate an assembly, we speak of chemically fueled assemblies; i.e., the molecule with high potential, the fuel, is used to regulate a self-assembly process. For example, the binding of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to tubulin induces self-assembly. The bound GTP is hydrolyzed to guanosine diphosphate (GDP) upon assembly, which induces tubulin disassembly. The result is a dynamic assembly endowed with unique characteristics, such as time-dependent behavior and the ability to self-heal. These intriguing, unique properties have inspired supramolecular chemists to create similar chemically fueled molecular assemblies from the bottom up. While examples have been designed, they remain scarce partly because chemically fueled reaction cycles are rare and often complex. Thus, we recently developed a carbodiimide-driven reaction cycle that is versatile and easy to use, quantitatively understood, and does not suffer from side reactions. In the reaction cycle, a carboxylate precursor reacts with a carbodiimide to form an activated species like an anhydride or ester. The activated state reacts with water and thereby reverts to its precursor state; i.e., the activated state is deactivated. Effectively, the precursor catalyzes carbodiimides' conversion into waste and forms a transient activated state. We designed building blocks to regulate a range of assemblies and supramolecular materials at the expense of carbodiimide fuel. The simplicity and versatility of the reaction cycles have democratized and popularized the field of chemically fueled assemblies. In this Account, we describe what we have "learned" on our way. We introduce the field exemplified by biological nonequilibrium self-assembly. We describe the design of the carbodiimide-driven reaction cycle. Using examples from our group and others, we offer design rules for the building block's structure and strategies to create the desired morphology or supramolecular materials. The discussed morphologies include fibers, colloids, crystals, and oil- and coacervate-based droplets. We then demonstrate how these assemblies form supramolecular materials with unique material properties like the ability to self-heal. Besides, we discuss the concept of reciprocal coupling in which the assembly exerts feedback on its reaction cycle and we also offer examples of such feedback mechanisms. Finally, we close the Account with a discussion and an outlook on this field. This Account aims to provide our fundamental understanding and facilitate further progress toward conceptually new supramolecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyao Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Michaela A. Würbser
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Job Boekhoven
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
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10
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Rajawasam CWH, Tran C, Weeks M, McCoy KS, Ross-Shannon R, Dodo OJ, Sparks JL, Hartley CS, Konkolewicz D. Chemically Fueled Reinforcement of Polymer Hydrogels. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5553-5560. [PMID: 36848549 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbodiimide-fueled anhydride bond formation has been used to enhance the mechanical properties of permanently crosslinked polymer networks, giving materials that exhibit transitions from soft gels to covalently reinforced gels, eventually returning to the original soft gels. Temporary changes in mechanical properties result from a transient network of anhydride crosslinks, which eventually dissipate by hydrolysis. Over an order of magnitude increase in the storage modulus is possible through carbodiimide fueling. The time-dependent mechanical properties can be modulated by the concentration of carbodiimide, temperature, and primary chain architecture. Because the materials remain rheological solids, new material functions such as temporally controlled adhesion and rewritable spatial patterns of mechanical properties have been realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamoni W H Rajawasam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Corvo Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Michael Weeks
- Instrumentation Laboratory, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Kathleen S McCoy
- Department of Chemical, Paper, and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Robert Ross-Shannon
- Department of Chemical, Paper, and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Obed J Dodo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Jessica L Sparks
- Department of Chemical, Paper, and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - C Scott Hartley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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11
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Chelu M, Musuc AM, Aricov L, Ozon EA, Iosageanu A, Stefan LM, Prelipcean AM, Popa M, Moreno JC. Antibacterial Aloe vera Based Biocompatible Hydrogel for Use in Dermatological Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043893. [PMID: 36835300 PMCID: PMC9959823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research aims to describe a new methodology to obtain biocompatible hydrogels based on Aloe vera used for wound healing applications. The properties of two hydrogels (differing in Aloe vera concentration, AV5 and AV10) prepared by an all-green synthesis method from raw, natural, renewable and bioavailable materials such as salicylic acid, allantoin and xanthan gum were investigated. The morphology of the Aloe vera based hydrogel biomaterials was studied by SEM analysis. The rheological properties of the hydrogels, as well as their cell viability, biocompatibility and cytotoxicity, were determined. The antibacterial activity of Aloe vera based hydrogels was evaluated both on Gram-positive, Staphylococcus aureus and on Gram-negative, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. The obtained novel green Aloe vera based hydrogels showed good antibacterial properties. In vitro scratch assay demonstrated the capacity of both AV5 and AV10 hydrogels to accelerate cell proliferation and migration and induce closure of a wounded area. A corroboration of all morphological, rheological, cytocompatibility and cell viability results indicates that this Aloe vera based hydrogel may be suitable for wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Chelu
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adina Magdalena Musuc
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.M.M.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Ludmila Aricov
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emma Adriana Ozon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Iosageanu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura M. Stefan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Prelipcean
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Popa
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jose Calderon Moreno
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.M.M.); (J.C.M.)
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Zhang S, Zhang Y, Wu H, Li Z, Shi P, Qu H, Sun Y, Wang X, Cao X, Yang L, Tian Z. Construction of transient supramolecular polymers controlled by mass transfer in biphasic systems. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13930-13937. [PMID: 36544718 PMCID: PMC9710222 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04548f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inspired by life assembly systems, the construction of transient assembly systems with spatiotemporal control is crucial for developing intelligent materials. A widely adopted strategy is to couple the self-assembly with chemical reaction networks. However, orchestrating the kinetics of multiple reactions and assembly/disassembly processes without crosstalk in homogeneous solutions is not an easy task. To address this challenge, we propose a generic strategy by separating components into different phases, therefore, the evolution process of the system could be easily regulated by controlling the transport of components through different phases. Interference of multiple components that are troublesome in homogeneous systems could be diminished. Meanwhile, limited experimental parameters are involved in tuning the mass transfer instead of the complex kinetic matching and harsh reaction selectivity requirements. As a proof of concept, a transient metallo-supramolecular polymer (MSP) with dynamic luminescent color was constructed in an oil-water biphasic system by controlling the diffusion of the deactivator (water molecules) from the water phase into the oil phase. The lifetime of transient MSP could be precisely regulated not only by the content of chemical fuel, but also factors that affect the efficiency of mass transfer in between phases, such as the volume of the water phase, the stirring rate, and the temperature. We believe this strategy can be further extended to multi-compartment systems with passive diffusion or active transport of components, towards life-like complex assembly systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005P. R. China
| | - Yulian Zhang
- College of Materials, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005P. R. China
| | - Huiting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005P. R. China
| | - Peichen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005P. R. China
| | - Hang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005P. R. China
| | - Yibin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005P. R. China
| | - Xinchang Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering (National Model Microelectronics College), Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005P. R. China
| | - Liulin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005P. R. China
| | - Zhongqun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005P. R. China
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