1
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Sheng J, Perego J, Bracco S, Cieciórski P, Danowski W, Comotti A, Feringa BL. Orthogonal Photoswitching in a Porous Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404878. [PMID: 38530132 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The development of photoresponsive systems with non-invasive orthogonal control by distinct wavelengths of light is still in its infancy. In particular, the design of photochemically triggered-orthogonal systems integrated into solid materials that enable multiple dynamic control over their properties remains a longstanding challenge. Here, we report the orthogonal and reversible control of two types of photoswitches in an integrated solid porous framework, that is, visible-light responsive o-fluoroazobenzene and nitro-spiropyran motifs. The properties of the constructed material can be selectively controlled by different wavelengths of light thus generating four distinct states providing a basis for dynamic multifunctional materials. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy demonstrated the selective transformation of the azobenzene switch in the bulk, which in turn modulates N2 and CO2 adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Sheng
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
- Present address: Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jacopo Perego
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Piotr Cieciórski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Danowski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
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2
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Long G, Deng Y, Zhao W, Zhou G, Broer DJ, Feringa BL, Chen J. Photoresponsive Biomimetic Functions by Light-Driven Molecular Motors in Three Dimensionally Printed Liquid Crystal Elastomers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13894-13902. [PMID: 38728606 PMCID: PMC11117400 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite the fascinating developments in design and synthesis of artificial molecular machines operating at the nanoscales, translating molecular motion along multiple length scales and inducing mechanical motion of a three-dimensional macroscopic entity remains an important challenge. The key to addressing this amplification of motion relies on the effective organization of molecular machines in a well-defined environment. By taking advantage of long-range orientational order and hierarchical structures of liquid crystals and unidirectional rotation of light-driven molecular motors, we report here photoresponsive biomimetic functions of liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) by the repetitive unidirectional rotation of molecular motors using 3D printing. Molecular motors were built in the main chain of liquid crystals oligomers to serve as photoactuators. The oligomers were then used as the ink, and liquid crystal elastomers with different morphologies were printed. The obtained LCEs are able to conduct multiple types of motions including bending, helical coiling, closing of petals, and flipping of wings of a butterfly upon UV illumination, which paves the way for future design of responsive materials with enhanced complex actuating functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Long
- SCNU-UG
International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays,
National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Yanping Deng
- SCNU-UG
International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays,
National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- SCNU-TUE
Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology
& Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy
of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China
Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- SCNU-UG
International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays,
National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- SCNU-TUE
Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology
& Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy
of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China
Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dirk J. Broer
- SCNU-TUE
Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology
& Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy
of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China
Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Stimuli-responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- SCNU-UG
International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays,
National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Jiawen Chen
- SCNU-UG
International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays,
National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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3
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Gisbert Y, Fellert M, Stindt CN, Gerstner A, Feringa BL. Molecular Motors' Magic Methyl and Its Pivotal Influence on Rotation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12609-12619. [PMID: 38656891 PMCID: PMC11082891 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Molecular motors have found a wide range of applications, powering a transition from molecules to dynamic molecular systems for which their motion must be precisely tuned. To achieve this adjustment, strategies involving laborious changes in their design are often used. Herein, we show that control over a single methyl group allows a drastic change in rotational properties. In this regard, we present the straightforward asymmetric synthesis of β-methylated first-generation overcrowded-alkene-based molecular motors. Both enantiomers of the new motors were prepared in good yields and high enantiopurities, and these motors were thoroughly studied by variable-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance (VT-NMR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, showing a crucial influence of the methylation pattern on the rotational behavior of the motors. Starting from a common chiral precursor, we demonstrate that subsequent methylation can drastically reduce the speed of the motor and reverse the direction of the rotation. We show for the first time that complete unidirectionality can be achieved even when the energy difference between the stable and metastable states is small, resulting in the coexistence of both states under ambient conditions without hampering the energy ratcheting process. This discovery opens the way for the design of more advanced first-generation motors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charlotte N. Stindt
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The
Netherlands
| | - Alexander Gerstner
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The
Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The
Netherlands
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4
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Roy P, Sardjan AS, Browne WR, Feringa BL, Meech SR. Excited State Dynamics in Unidirectional Photochemical Molecular Motors. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12255-12270. [PMID: 38656968 PMCID: PMC11082934 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Unidirectional photochemically driven molecular motors (PMMs) convert the energy of absorbed light into continuous rotational motion. As such they are key components in the design of molecular machines. The prototypical and most widely employed class of PMMs is the overcrowded alkenes, where rotational motion is driven by successive photoisomerization and thermal helix inversion steps. The efficiency of such PMMs depends upon the speed of rotation, determined by the rate of ground state thermal helix inversion, and the quantum yield of photoisomerization, which is dependent on the excited state energy landscape. The former has been optimized by synthetic modification across three generations of overcrowded alkene PMMs. These improvements have often been at the expense of photoisomerization yield, where there remains room for improvement. In this perspective we review the application of ultrafast spectroscopy to characterize the excited state dynamics in PMMs. These measurements lead to a general mechanism for all generations of PMMs, involving subpicosecond decay of a Franck-Condon excited state to populate a dark excited state which decays within picoseconds via conical intersections with the electronic ground state. The model is discussed in the context of excited state dynamics calculations. Studies of PMM photochemical dynamics as a function of solvent suggest exploitation of intramolecular charge transfer and solvent polarity as a route to controlling photoisomerization yield. A test of these ideas for a first generation motor reveals a high degree of solvent control over isomerization yield. These results suggest a pathway to fine control over the performance of future PMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palas Roy
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K.
- School
of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology
Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Andy S. Sardjan
- Molecular
Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wesley R. Browne
- Molecular
Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen R. Meech
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K.
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5
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Xu F, Sheng J, Stindt CN, Crespi S, Danowski W, Hilbers MF, Buma WJ, Feringa BL. All-visible-light-driven stiff-stilbene photoswitches. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6763-6769. [PMID: 38725493 PMCID: PMC11077541 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00983e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches are potent tools to construct dynamic functional systems and responsive materials that can be controlled in a non-invasive manner. As P-type photoswitches, stiff-stilbenes attract increasing interest, owing to their superiority in quantum yield, significant geometric differences between isomers, excellent thermostability and robust switching behavior. Nevertheless, the UV-light-triggered photoisomerization of stiff-stilbenes has been a main drawback for decades as UV light is potentially harmful and has low penetration depth. Here, we provided a series of para-formylated stiff-stilbenes by Rieche ortho-formylation to achieve all-visible-light-responsiveness. Additional phenolic groups provide access to late-stage chemical modification facilitating design of molecules responsive to visible light. Remarkably, the photoisomerization of aldehyde-appended stiff-stilbenes could be fully manipulated using visible light, accompanied by a high photostationary state (PSS) distribution. These features render them excellent candidates for future visible-light-controllable smart materials and dynamic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jinyu Sheng
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte N Stindt
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Wojciech Danowski
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge Strasbourg F-67000 France
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michiel F Hilbers
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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6
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Sheng J, Danowski W, Sardjan AS, Hou J, Crespi S, Ryabchun A, Domínguez MP, Jan Buma W, Browne WR, Feringa BL. Formylation boosts the performance of light-driven overcrowded alkene-derived rotary molecular motors. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01521-0. [PMID: 38671301 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Artificial molecular motors and machines constitute a critical element in the transition from individual molecular motion to the creation of collective dynamic molecular systems and responsive materials. The design of artificial light-driven molecular motors operating with high efficiency and selectivity constitutes an ongoing fundamental challenge. Here we present a highly versatile synthetic approach based on Rieche formylation that boosts the quantum yield of the forward photoisomerization reaction while reaching near-perfect selectivity in the steps involved in the unidirectional rotary cycle and drastically reducing competing photoreactions. This motor is readily accessible in its enantiopure form and operates with nearly quantitative photoconversions. It can easily be functionalized further and outperforms its direct predecessor as a reconfigurable chiral dopant in cholesteric liquid crystal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Sheng
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wojciech Danowski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Supramolecular Science and Engineering (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andy S Sardjan
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jiaxin Hou
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexander Ryabchun
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wesley R Browne
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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7
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Pan H, Hou B, Jiang Y, Liu M, Ren XK, Chen Z. Control of Kinetic Pathways toward Supramolecular Chiral Polymorphs for Tunable Circularly Polarized Luminescence. Chemistry 2024:e202400899. [PMID: 38576216 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
An amphiphilic aza-BODIPY dye (S)-1 bearing two chiral hydrophilic side chains with S-stereogenic centers was synthesized. This dye exhibited kinetic-controlled self-assembly pathways and supramolecular chiral polymorphism properties in MeOH/H2O (9/1, v/v) mixed solvent. The (S)-1 monomers first aggregated into a kinetic controlled, off-pathway species Agg. A, which was spontaneously transformed into an on-pathway metastable aggregate (Agg. B) and subsequently into the thermodynamic Agg. C. The three aggregate polymorphs of dye (S)-1 displayed distinct optical properties and nanomorphologies. In particular, chiral J-aggregation characteristics were observed for both Agg. B and Agg. C, such as Davydov-split absorption bands (Agg. B), extremely sharp and intense J-band with large bathochromic shift (Agg. C), non-diminished fluorescence upon aggregation, as well as strong bisignated Cotton effects. Moreover, the AFM and TEM studies revealed that Agg. A had the morphology of nanoparticle while fibril or rod-like helical nanostructures with left-handedness were observed respectively for Agg. B and Agg. C. By controlling the kinetic transformation process from Agg. B to Agg. C, thin films consisting of Agg. B and Agg. C with different ratios were prepared, which displayed tunable CPL with emission maxima at 788-805 nm and g-factors between -4.2×10-2 and -5.1×10-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Pan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Baokai Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiang-Kui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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8
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van Ewijk C, Xu F, Maity S, Sheng J, Stuart MCA, Feringa BL, Roos WH. Light-Triggered Disassembly of Molecular Motor-based Supramolecular Polymers Revealed by High-Speed AFM. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319387. [PMID: 38372499 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Photoresponsive supramolecular polymers have a major potential for applications in responsive materials that are externally triggered by light with spatio-temporal control of their polymerisation state. While changes in macroscopic properties revealed the adaptive nature of these materials, it remains challenging to capture the dynamic depolymerisation process at the molecular level, which requires fast observation techniques combined with in situ irradiation. By implementing in situ UV illumination into a High-Speed Atomic Force Microscope (HS-AFM) setup, we have been able to capture the disassembly of a light-driven molecular motor-based supramolecular polymer. The real-time visualisation of the light-triggered disassembly process not only reveals cooperative depolymerisation, it also shows that this process continues after illumination is halted. Combining the data with cryo-electron microscopy and spectroscopy approaches, we obtain a molecular-level description of the motor-based polymer dynamics reminiscent of actin chain-end depolymerisation. Our detailed understanding of supramolecular depolymerisation will drive the development of future responsive polymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris van Ewijk
- Molecular Biophysics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The, Netherlands
| | - Fan Xu
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The, Netherlands
| | - Sourav Maity
- Molecular Biophysics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The, Netherlands
| | - Jinyu Sheng
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The, Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The, Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The, Netherlands
| | - Wouter H Roos
- Molecular Biophysics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The, Netherlands
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9
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Deng Y, Long G, Zhang Y, Zhao W, Zhou G, Feringa BL, Chen J. Photo-responsive functional materials based on light-driven molecular motors. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:63. [PMID: 38429259 PMCID: PMC10907585 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
In the past two decades, the research and development of light-triggered molecular machines have mainly focused on developing molecular devices at the nanoscale. A key scientific issue in the field is how to amplify the controlled motion of molecules at the nanoscale along multiple length scales, such as the mesoscopic or the macroscopic scale, or in a more practical perspective, how to convert molecular motion into changes of properties of a macroscopic material. Light-driven molecular motors are able to perform repetitive unidirectional rotation upon irradiation, which offers unique opportunities for responsive macroscopic systems. With several reviews that focus on the design, synthesis and operation of the motors at the nanoscale, photo-responsive macroscopic materials based on light-driven molecular motors have not been comprehensively summarized. In the present review, we first discuss the strategy of confining absolute molecular rotation into relative rotation by grafting motors on surfaces. Secondly, examples of self-assemble motors in supramolecular polymers with high internal order are illustrated. Moreover, we will focus on building of motors in a covalently linked system such as polymeric gels and polymeric liquid crystals to generate complex responsive functions. Finally, a perspective toward future developments and opportunities is given. This review helps us getting a more and more clear picture and understanding on how complex movement can be programmed in light-responsive systems and how man-made adaptive materials can be invented, which can serve as an important guideline for further design of complex and advanced responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Deng
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guiying Long
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Zhang
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ben L Feringa
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jiawen Chen
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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10
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Célerse F, Wodrich MD, Vela S, Gallarati S, Fabregat R, Juraskova V, Corminboeuf C. From Organic Fragments to Photoswitchable Catalysts: The OFF-ON Structural Repository for Transferable Kernel-Based Potentials. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:1201-1212. [PMID: 38319296 PMCID: PMC10900300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Structurally and conformationally diverse databases are needed to train accurate neural networks or kernel-based potentials capable of exploring the complex free energy landscape of flexible functional organic molecules. Curating such databases for species beyond "simple" drug-like compounds or molecules composed of well-defined building blocks (e.g., peptides) is challenging as it requires thorough chemical space mapping and evaluation of both chemical and conformational diversities. Here, we introduce the OFF-ON (organic fragments from organocatalysts that are non-modular) database, a repository of 7869 equilibrium and 67,457 nonequilibrium geometries of organic compounds and dimers aimed at describing conformationally flexible functional organic molecules, with an emphasis on photoswitchable organocatalysts. The relevance of this database is then demonstrated by training a local kernel regression model on a low-cost semiempirical baseline and comparing it with a PBE0-D3 reference for several known catalysts, notably the free energy surfaces of exemplary photoswitchable organocatalysts. Our results demonstrate that the OFF-ON data set offers reliable predictions for simulating the conformational behavior of virtually any (photoswitchable) organocatalyst or organic compound composed of H, C, N, O, F, and S atoms, thereby opening a computationally feasible route to explore complex free energy surfaces in order to rationalize and predict catalytic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Célerse
- Laboratory
for Computational Molecular Design (LCMD), Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Matthew D. Wodrich
- Laboratory
for Computational Molecular Design (LCMD), Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- National
Center for Competence in Research-Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Sergi Vela
- Laboratory
for Computational Molecular Design (LCMD), Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Simone Gallarati
- Laboratory
for Computational Molecular Design (LCMD), Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Raimon Fabregat
- Laboratory
for Computational Molecular Design (LCMD), Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Juraskova
- Laboratory
for Computational Molecular Design (LCMD), Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory
for Computational Molecular Design (LCMD), Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- National
Center for Competence in Research-Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- National
Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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11
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Somasundaran SM, Kompella SVK, Madapally HV, Vishnu EK, Balasubramanian S, Thomas KG. Red Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Dimeric H-Aggregates of Acridine Orange by Chiral Induction. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:507-513. [PMID: 38190655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of chirality transfer from a chiral surface to an achiral molecule is essential for designing molecular systems with tunable chiroptical properties. These aspects are explored herein using l- and d-isomers of alkyl valine amphiphiles, which self-assemble in water as nanofibers possessing a negative surface charge. An achiral chromophore, acridine orange, upon electrostatic binding on these surfaces displays mirror-imaged bisignated circular dichroism and red-emitting circularly polarized luminescence signals with a high dissymmetry factor. Experimental and computational investigations establish that the chiroptical properties emerge from surface-bound asymmetric H-type dimers of acridine orange, further supported by fluorescence lifetime imaging studies. Specifically, atomistic molecular dynamics simulations show that the experimentally observed chiral signatures have their origin in van der Waals interactions between acridine orange dimers and the amphiphile head groups as well as in the extent of solvent exposure of the chromophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanoop Mambully Somasundaran
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Srinath V K Kompella
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Hridya Valia Madapally
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - E Krishnan Vishnu
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Sundaram Balasubramanian
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - K George Thomas
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
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